2型糖尿病患者血清微量元素水平及糖代谢指标的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清微量元素含量的变化,及其与部分生化指标、T2DM发生发展的相关性。方法 检测2012年6月至2014年6月入住上海市徐汇区中心医院内分泌科的89例T2DM（T2DM组）患者和97例非T2DM（对照组,一般资料与T2DM组比较无差异）患者的空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、C肽等生化指标。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）技术检测铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、硒（Se）3种微量元素含量,分析微量元素与生化指标及T2DM的关系。结果 与对照组比较,T2DM组血清Zn、Se含量均显著降低（P＜0.05）;与HbAlc＜7.0%者比较,T2DM组中HbAlc≥7.0%者血清Fe、Zn、Se含量显著降低（P＜0.05）;Pearson相关性分析显示,T2DM患者血清Fe与Zn之间和Fe与Se之间分别呈正相关,Zn与Se之间亦呈正相关（r＝0.668、0.725、0.754;P＜0.05）;Fe、Zn、Se与HbAlc、FBG、2hPG、FINS及C肽均具有良好的相关性;多因素logistic回归分析显示,Zn、Se是T2DM患者的保护因素（β＝?1.302,?1.578;P＜0.05）。结论 T2DM患者微量元素含量普遍较低,且与糖代谢密切相关,维持体内微量元素的平衡,对防止或延缓T2DM发病具有积极的意义。     

芍药甘草汤对脑缺血再灌注偏瘫大鼠痉挛状态和氨基酸水平的影响

目的观察芍药甘草汤对脑缺血再灌注(CI/RP)后大鼠兴奋性/抑制性氨基酸的影响,以探讨该方改善CI/RP后痉挛的作用机制。方法将94只CI/RP偏瘫大鼠随机分为模型组、芍药甘草组、芍药组、甘草组、巴氯芬组和假手术组。以右侧大脑中动脉栓塞术后2 h后再灌注制备动物模型,选取有明显偏瘫且伴有痉挛的大鼠为研究对象。各组在CI/RP后24 h给予相应干预,连续用药9天。观察干预前后大鼠姿势反射、肌张力变化,及其血清和脑组织谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、甘氨酸(Gly)水平变化。结果 1芍药甘草组和芍药组可以明显提高大鼠姿势反射评分(P0.05,P0.01)。2芍药甘草组和巴氯芬组可以明显缓解肌张力(P0.05)。3芍药甘草组Gly含量明显低于甘草组(P0.05)。4巴氯芬组大鼠脑组织GABA含量明显降低于模型组(P0.01)。5芍药甘草组、芍药组、巴氯芬组血清Glu、Asp含量均明显低于模型组(P0.05,P0.01)。6甘草组血清Gly含量明显高于芍药甘草组和芍药组(P0.05)。结论芍药甘草汤可改善CI/RP后大鼠的痉挛程度和姿势反射,其机制可能与降低血清兴奋性氨基酸及下调脑组织甘氨酸有关。     

医务人员医院感染认知程度及防护行为调查分析

目的 探讨医务人员对医院感染知识的认知程度、防护措施的实施情况,为医院感染的控制提供科学依据.方法 采用问卷调查的方式,对医务人员掌握医院感染相关知识的认知情况、日常工作中的防护行为等进行调查分析.结果 598名医务人员完成调查表,合格率70.7％;护士、医师合格率＞80.0％,护工、工勤人员的合格率仅为0～4.2％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同学历职称组间的合格率差异无统计学意义;随着工作年限的增长合格率由78.7％上升至90.8％,工作年限＞21年组的合格率明显高于＜2年组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);80.0％医务人员能做到无菌操作前后及抢救危重患者前后洗手、抢救危重患者时戴口罩等;60.0％的人不能做到六步洗手法、进病房戴口罩、接触病案及患者物品后洗手.结论 在实际的医疗工作中,无论医师、护士还是医技检验人员均存在着不规范的操作,建议医务人员提高自我保护意识,积极预防医院感染.     

放大内镜对大肠粘膜病变的诊断价值

目的　探讨放大内镜结合腺管开口分型对大肠粘膜病变性质的诊断价值。方法　放大内镜检查发现病变后 ,对病灶喷洒靓胭脂 ,观察病灶粘膜腺管开口形态 ,按Kudo分型作病灶性质判断 ,并与切除或活检组织作病理学比较。结果　在 194处病灶中 ,放大内镜诊断为炎性息肉、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤和大肠癌的病理符合率分别为 10 0 %、93 3 %、90 9%、10 0 % ,总病理符合率为 96 1%。结论　放大内镜对判断大肠病变性质有较高的病理符合率 ,可区分肿瘤与非肿瘤、良性与恶性肿瘤 ,预测癌的浸润深度 ,决定合适的治疗方式 ,具有较高的临床应用价值     

老年患者医院获得性肺炎160例临床分析

目的了解老年患者医院获得性肺炎（HAP）的病原菌及耐药情况。方法对160例老年HAP患者的痰培养及药敏结果进行分析。结果痰标本中分离出102株细菌，主要革兰阴性菌（61．7％），其中铜绿假单胞菌占20．6％，克雷白菌属占14．8％，大肠埃希菌占11．8％，其它革兰阴性菌占14．5％。药敏分析，铜绿假单胞菌属、克雷白菌属、肠杆菌细菌对氨苄西林的耐药率超过90％，对头孢唑啉的耐药率分别为96．5％、65％和100％。结论老年HAP患者的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主，应根据药敏结果合理地选用抗生素。     

乐卡地平与氨氯地平治疗老年原发性高血压的比较

目的：以氨氯地平作对照，观察乐卡地平的降压疗效。方法：选择Ⅰ-Ⅱ级老年高血压患者46例，经停用降血压药1周后，随机分成A组（23例）；口服乐卡地平10mg/d；B组（23例）；口服氯氯地平5mg/d，连续治疗4周，观察血压、心率、血糖，血脂、肝肾功能，不良反应等指标。结果：（1）乐卡地平与氨氯地平降压作用明显（P＜0．05），对偶测血压，脉压有下降作用（P＜0．05），两组之间降压疗效无明显差异（P＞0．05）；（2）用药前后心率无明显差异（P＜0．05）；（3）两组生化指标治疗前后无明显差异（P＞0．05）。患者耐受性好，不良反应较少。结论：乐卡地平是治疗Ⅰ-Ⅱ级高血压的有效而安全的药物，是适合老年高血压患者降压治疗的药物。     

构建医务社会工作和志愿服务的联动发展模式

上海市徐汇区中心医院医务社会工作部成立于2008年,多年来积极探索医务社会工作本土化模式,不断拓展医务社会工作实务内涵,以创新性项目为契机,推进医务社会工作深入发展,并创建成上海市首批医务社工试点医疗机构、上海市社会工作示范创建单位。通过分析上海市徐汇区中心医院在社会工作实务与志愿服务实践中,将医务社会工作理论、志愿者理念与本国、本地区、本单位的实际情况相结合,构建出医务社会工作本土化联动模式。     

64排螺旋CT检测冠状动脉罪犯病变积分对急性冠脉综合征的诊断价值

目的应用64排螺旋CT(64-SCT)检测冠状动脉罪犯病变指标,包括斑块类型、斑块衰减(PA)、重构指数(RI),并计算钙化积分(CS)及罪犯病变积分(CLS),探讨其对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的诊断价值。方法 2009年1月至2010年12月对110例临床明确诊断冠心病(CAD)患者行64-SCT检查,其中ACS 43例,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)67例。测量患者冠状动脉罪犯病变指标,包括斑块类型、PA、RI,并计算CS及CLS。比较ACS和SAP两组患者上述指标的差别。结果 ACS组比SAP组拥有更多的点状钙化(92.30%比9.1%,P<0.05)、更低的PA(41.32±21.08比90.37±48.19,P<0.01)、更高的RI(1.29±0.42比0.89±0.45,P<0.01)、更低的CS(71.43±6.74比154.41±19.02,P<0.05)及更高的C15(1.15.41.12比1.06±0.63;P<0.01)。CLS>2.0可以区分ACS和SAP,其灵敏度和特异度分别为97.7%和67.3%。结论 CLS可用于区分ACS和SAP,对ACS的早期诊断具有一定价值。     

A Replicate Designed Bioequivalence Study To Compare Two Fixed-Dose Combination Products of Artesunate and Amodiaquine in Healthy Chinese Volunteers

Artesun-Plus is a fixed-dose combination antimalarial agent containing artesunate and amodiaquine. The current study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of Artesun-Plus and the WHO-designated comparator product Artesunate Amodiaquine Winthrop. To overcome the high intrasubject variability of artesunate, the study applied a two-sequence and four-period crossover (2 by 4), replicate study design to assess bioequivalence between the two products in 31 healthy male Chinese volunteers under fasting conditions. The results showed that the values of the geometric mean ratios of maximum concentration of drug in plasma (C_max) and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the last blood sample collection (AUC_0-last) for the artesunate component in the test and reference products were 95.9% and 93.9%, respectively, and that the corresponding 90% confidence intervals were 84.5% to 108.7% and 87.2% to 101.1%, while the geometric mean ratios for the amodiaquine component in the test and reference products were 95.0% and 100.0%, respectively, and the corresponding 90% confidence intervals were 86.7% to 104.1% and 93.5% to 107.0%. In conclusion, bioequivalence between the two artesunate and amodiaquine fixed-dose combination products was demonstrated for both components. The study also confirmed high intrasubject variability, especially for artesunate: the coefficients of variation (CV) of C_max values for the test and reference products were 39.2% and 43.7%, respectively, while those for amodiaquine were 30.6% and 30.2%, respectively.     

Effects of hepatitis B e‐antigen on recurrence of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection: A meta‐analysis

Aim: The impact of hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection remains controversial. This meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether the presence of HBeAg influenced the recurrence of HCC after curative resection. Methods: We performed a meta‐analysis including six studies (a total of 865 patients) to assess the effect of HBeAg on recurrence of HCC after curative resection. The pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a random or fixed effects model. PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database were searched for articles published from 1990 to March 2012. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias estimate were also performed to evaluate the potential risk bias in the overall results of pooled analysis. Results: Our results showed that the presence of HBeAg significantly increased the overall HCC recurrence risk after curative resection (OR = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–2.40; P = 0.01). Pooled data from three studies on the risk of early recurrence among HBeAg positive patients compared with HBeAg negative patients showed an increased risk of early recurrence (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.19; P = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference in late HCC recurrence between HBeAg positive and negative patients (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.62–2.19; P = 0.62). Conclusion: The present study suggested that HBeAg positive patients had a significantly higher risk of early recurrence after curative resection of HCC.