Obstructive sleep apnea remission following bariatric surgery: a national registry cohort study

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery is an effective available treatment for OSA; however, limited research predicts which patients undergoing bariatric surgery will undergo OSA resolution.ObjectivesTo determine perioperative predictors for OSA resolution following bariatric surgery using a national database.SettingUnited Kingdom national bariatric surgery database.MethodsThe UK National Bariatric Surgery Registry (NBSR) was interrogated to identify all patients with OSA that underwent primary bariatric surgery between January 2009 and June 2017. Those with at least 1 follow-up recording postoperative OSA status were selected for further analysis. Demographic, pre- and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Poisson multivariate regression was conducted to identify predictors of OSA remission.ResultsA total of 4015 bariatric cases were eligible for inclusion: 2482 (61.8%) patients underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), 1196 (29.8%) sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and 337 (8.4%) adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Overall, the mean excess weight loss (EWL) % for the whole group was 61.2 (SD ± 27.2). OSA resolution was recorded in 2377 (59.2%) patients. Following Poisson regression, LRYGB (risk ratio [RR], 1.49 confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.78) and LSG (RR, 1.46 [CI 1.22–1.75] were associated with approximately 50% increased likelihood of OSA remission compared with LAGB. Greater weight loss following intervention was associated with greater likelihood of OSA remission, while both greater age and greater preoperative body mass index (BMI) were associated with reduced likelihood of OSA remission (P < .001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that metabolic surgery results in OSA remission in the majority of patients with obesity. Younger age, lower BMI preprocedure, greater %EWL and the use of LSG or LRYGB positively predicted OSA remission.     

内镜下黏膜切除术对直径≤10 mm胃肠道神经内分泌瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)治疗直径≤10 mm胃肠道神经内分泌瘤(gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors,GI-NETs)的安全性和可靠性。方法对烟台市烟台山医院2015年2月至2019年6月40例行EMR治疗直径≤10 mm GI-NETs进行回顾性分析,评价EMR手术的安全性和可靠性。结果 40例均在内镜下以EMR术式完成,整块切除率和RO切除率达到100%,病变均局限于黏膜下层,未浸润固有肌层。术后病理分级:NET 1级(G1)35例,NET 2级(G2)5例,无NET3级(G3)病例。术中术后均无出血、穿孔等并发症。随访:1例失访,1例因其他疾病死亡,其余38例平均随访27.8个月,范围为5~46个月,均无局部复发和远处转移。结论对于分化良好的G1、G2期的直径≤10 mm GI-NETs,EMR是一种安全可靠的治疗手段。     

Effect of high-BDNF microenvironment stem cells therapy on neurogenic bladder model in rats

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to explore the effects of high-BDNF microenvironment produced by engineered immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (imMSCs) on the neurogenic bladder (NB) and investigate underlying mechanism.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rat (12-week-old, weighing about 370–400 g) were purchased from a Korean company (Orient Bio Co. Seongnam, Korea) and divided into the following groups (n=32): sham control group (n=8), NB group (n=8), NB + ImMSCs group (n=8), NB + ImMSCs (BDNF) group (n=8). The major pelvic ganglion (MPG) was observed under anesthesia. Three NB groups of rats were then subjected to bilateral MPG injury. The sham control group of rats was treated with sham surgery. Cystometry were performed before the rats were sacrificed, and then MPG and bladder were collected for histochemical and Western blot analysis.ResultsMSCs treatment improves lower urinary tract function, and the NB + ImMSCs (BDNF) group is better than the NB + ImMSCs group (P<0.01). MSCs treatment accelerates recovery of injured nerve tissue, and the NB + ImMSCs (BDNF) group is better than the NB + ImMSCs group (P<0.01). In high BDNF environment, apoptosis was reduced more significantly and muscle tissue recovered more rapidly (P<0.01). High-BDNF microenvironment activates more BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathways (P<0.01).ConclusionsIn a rat NB model caused by nerve injury, imMSCs have certain effects on nerve tissue repair. At the same time, it was proved that increasing the expression of BDNF which had specific effect on nerve injury repair could more effectively repair injured MPG in local microenvironment. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway and the reduction of apoptosis by highly expressed BDNF.     

Mutation profile and its correlation with clinicopathology in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer worldwide. Although many studies have focused on oncogene characteristics, the genomic landscape of Chinese HCC patients has not been fully clarified.MethodsA total of 165 HCC patients, including 146 males and 19 females, were enrolled. The median age was 55 years (range, 27–78 years). Corresponding clinical and pathological information was collected for further analysis. A total of 168 tumor tissues from these patients were selected for next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 450 panel gene sequencing. Genomic alterations including single nucleotide variations (SNV), short and long insertions and deletions (InDels), copy number variations, and gene rearrangements were analyzed. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. The top quartile of HCC was classified as TMB high.ResultsA total of 1,004 genomic alterations were detected from 258 genes in 168 HCC tissues. TMB values were identified in 160 HCC specimens, with a median TMB of 5.4 Muts/Mb (range, 0–28.4 Muts/Mb) and a 75% TMB of 7.7 Muts/Mb. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53, TERT, CTNNB1, AXIN1, RB1, TSC2, CCND1, ARID1A, and FGF19. SNV was the most common mutation type and C:G>T:A and guanine transformation were the most common SNVs. Compared to wild-type patients, the proportion of Edmondson grade III–IV and microvascular invasion was significantly higher in TP53 mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of tumors invading the hepatic capsule was significantly higher in TERT mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of Edmondson grade I-II, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) <25 µmg/L, and those without a history of hepatitis B was significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients (P<0.05). CTNNB1 mutations were associated with TMB high in HCC patients (P<0.05). Based on correlation analysis, the mutation of TP53 was independently correlated with microvascular invasion (P=0.002, OR =3.096) and Edmondson grade III–IV (P=0.008, OR =2.613). The mutation of TERT was independently correlated with tumor invasion of the liver capsule (P=0.001, OR =3.030), and the mutation of CTNNB1 was independently correlated with AFP (<25 µmg/L) (P=0.009, OR =3.414).ConclusionsThe most frequently mutated genes of HCC patients in China were TP53, TERT, and CTNNB1, which mainly lead to the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating the P53 pathway, Wnt pathway, and telomere repair pathway. There were more patients with microvascular invasion and Edmondson III–IV grade in TP53 mutated patients and more patients with hepatic capsule invasion in TERT mutated patients, while in CTNNB1 mutated patients, there were more patients with Edmondson I–II grade, AFP <25 µmg/L, and a non-hepatitis B background. Also, the TMB values were significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients than in wild type patients.     

结节性甲状腺肿病人血清脂联素、抵抗素和趋化素水平及其相关性分析

目的：探讨结节性甲状腺肿病人体内循环脂联素、抵抗素和趋化素水平及其相关性。方法：选取2017-2018年体检初发的结节性甲状腺肿病人150例和性别、年龄等一般情况相匹配的正常人150名,采集2组受试者血样,收集一般临床资料,记录并分析一般生化指标及血清脂联素、抵抗素和趋化素水平。测量并计算体质量指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。分析血清脂联素、抵抗素和趋化素水平与结节性甲状腺肿发病的相关性。结果：结节性甲状腺肿病人三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、HOMA-IR、脂联素和趋化素水平均高于对照组(P<0.01),抵抗素水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。结节性甲状腺肿病人脂联素水平与空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA-IR呈负相关关系(P<0.01);抵抗素水平与TG、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均呈负相关关系(P<0.05～P<0.01);趋化素水平与TG、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。结节性甲状腺肿患病病例与对照组比例随四分位脂联素和趋化素浓度水平的增加而增加。抵抗素水...     

慢性荨麻疹病人生活质量的调查

①目的 探讨慢性荨麻疹对病人生活质量的影响。②方法 应用特别疾病设计问卷及Ｎｏｔｔｉｎｇｈａｎ健康全貌（ＮＨＰ）问卷,对７６例慢性荨麻疹病人进入地调查。③结果 ６５％～１００％病人报告他们在家庭管理、个人爱好、娱乐活动和社会交往、活动、情绪因素、睡眠、何处及工作中的困难是由于其皮肤情况所致;ＮＨＰ部分Ⅰ分数显示病人在运动、睡眠、能力、社会孤独及情绪反应方面受到限制;ＮＨＰ部分Ⅱ分数显示病人在工作学     

排空术治疗高血压性脑出血术中出血预防技术的改进

（１）目的 探讨自动压力泄洪管在预防排空术治疗高血压性脑出血并发术中出血的临床意义。（２）方法 将血肿腔和排空管管腔的两处压力进行隔离,压力仅作用于排空管管腔中以保持吸引力,而血肿腔腔内压力低于正常颅内压或０压力时便被自动泄洪。（３）结果排空术造成的颅压大幅度负相变动的缺点被矫正,使压力环境相当于没有负压的常规开颅术,排空术的重要并发症－术中出血,也降低到等同于常规开颅术,应用本法治疗１０例高血     

脐血造血干细胞移植对肿瘤化疗病人骨髓功能的影响

1目的　探讨脐血造血干细胞移植对因化疗所致骨髓功能抑制的恶性肿瘤病人骨髓造血功能重建的临床意义。 2方法　从健康人脐血中纯化制备造血干细胞 ,每例病人每天静脉输注 2× 10 9个造血干细胞 ,连续5 d.以治疗前后自身对照进行疗效评价。 3结果　治疗前白细胞计数为 (2 .78± 1.72 )× 10 9/ L,治疗后第 7天为(4.5 5± 1.0 1)× 10 9/ L,两组比较有显著性差异 (F=18.5 0 ,q=6 .95 ,P<0 .0 1) ;治疗前血红蛋白含量为 (12 1.5 6±11.2 7) g/ L,治疗后第 14天为 (130 .72± 12 .5 8) g/ L,治疗前后比较差异有极显著意义 (F=14.0 2 ,q=4.90 ,P<0 .0 1) ,且治疗后第 2 1天比治疗后第 7天增高 (F=14.0 2 ,q=6 .2 6 ,P<0 .0 1) ;治疗前血小板计数为 (192 .38±18.2 1)× 10 9/ L,治疗后第 2 1天为 (2 0 1.5 7± 17.86 )× 10 9/ L,治疗前后比较差异有极显著意义 (F=9.0 1,q=3.99,P<0 .0 1)。 4结论　脐血造血干细胞移植对于重建或改善骨髓造血功能有一定疗效。提升白细胞速度较血红蛋白及血小板为快。     

肝癌化疗栓塞术对肝脏血流动力学和储备功能的影响

1目的　探讨化疗栓塞术对肝癌病人肝脏血流动力学和肝储备功能 (HFR)的影响。2方法　对 17例肝癌病人行肝动脉插管化疗栓塞治疗 ,采用彩色多谱勒血流显像仪 (CDFI)显像、CT扫描测量的方法对栓塞前后的血流动力学和肝实质丢失率 (PHER)的改变进行临床观察。3结果　门静脉和脾静脉血流量、血流速度均于栓塞7d后明显上升 ,并达到高峰 (F=14.86～ 332 .5 5 ,q=6 .48～ 36 .43,P<0 .0 1) ,以后逐渐回落至栓塞前水平 ,而血管内径于栓塞前后无明显改变 ;门静脉充血指数 (CI)于栓塞前后无明显改变 (t=1.45 ,P>0 .0 5 ) ;栓塞后 PHER为10 .6 3%～ 43.83% ,平均 2 6 .13% ,多数病人 PHER<40 %时 ,栓塞后 HFR能满足术后代偿需要。4结论　对门静脉血流动力学的定量分析为肝动脉化疗栓塞术的预后估计提供了重要资料。综合 PHER可以正确评估栓塞对肝脏HFR的影响。     

稀释法自体输血在喉癌手术中的应用

目的：探讨稀释法自体输血在喉癌手术中的应用价值。方法：对３０例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉癌患者采用稀释法自体输血（稀释组）,仅在术中失血过多时,再输入适量异体血;将３０例病情及手术方法与稀释组一致的喉癌患者为对照组,不采用稀释法自体输血,有输血指征时输入异体血。结果：稀释组中仅８例需输入异体血,对照组中１９例需输入异体血,差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）;两组均无并发症发生（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：稀释法自体输血