胫骨平台骨折的关节镜下分型

目的 分析胫骨平台骨折的关节镜下分型及处理原则。方法 在关节镜下观察88例胫骨平台骨折的病理类型,进行复位和内固定治疗,并随访远期疗效。结果 根据关节镜下的病理特征将胫骨平台骨折分为8个类型,关节镜监视下处理骨折,平均随访4年,总优良率87．2％。结论 关节镜下分型有助于胫骨平台骨折的复位、固定和术后康复。     

腘窝直接皮动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣转位修复腘窝软组织缺损

目的探讨腘窝直接皮动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣转位修复腘窝软组织缺损的临床效果。方法采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2013年6月至2019年6月,上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院(崇明)收治的9例腘窝软组织缺损患者临床资料,男6例,女3例,年龄25~73岁,平均49.6岁,腘窝缺损创面为6.5 cm×3.5 cm~17.0 cm×8.5 cm。根据解剖学基础,结合腘窝缺损创面的位置、大小、形状,设计并切取腘窝直接皮动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣转位修复腘窝缺损创面,皮瓣面积最大为18.0 cm×10.0 cm,最小为7.5 cm×4.5 cm。根据皮瓣成活、感染控制、弹性色泽、外观形态、供区瘢痕、皮肤感觉、膝关节活动功能、患者认可度等情况,对患者术后疗效进行综合评价。结果 9例皮瓣术后全部顺利成活,供、受区伤口一期愈合,其中2例皮瓣远端发生皮缘坏死,给予换药处理后完全愈合。术后均获6~60个月随访,平均33个月,皮瓣成活优良,形态满意,色泽、弹性、质地与周围正常皮肤接近,供区瘢痕较小。疗效评价:满意8例,一般1例,无不满意。膝关节功能优7例,良1例,可1例。皮瓣肿胀评级,早期:Ⅰ度6例,Ⅱ度2例,Ⅲ度1例,Ⅳ度0例;后期:Ⅰ度8例,Ⅱ度1例,Ⅲ度0例,Ⅳ度0例。结论腘窝直接皮动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣移位修复腘窝缺损创面方法简便、安全可靠、损伤较小,易于推广,是修复腘窝皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法之一。     

肠-菌-肝轴及其在肠衰竭相关性肝损害发生发展中的作用

由于长期的肠道摄入不足,肠衰竭患者不得不依赖肠外营养(PN)来维持能量和正常的生理需求。然而PN在提供能量及营养物质的同时,也会引起肝脏损害。此外,由于肠道结构和内环境发生改变,IF患者往往伴随着肠道菌群失调及小肠细菌过度生长,过度生长的细菌代谢产生的毒性介质可诱导肠道炎性反应和胆汁酸代谢紊乱,最终导致肠黏膜屏障功能受损及肠衰竭相关性肝损害(IFALD)。自1998年Marshall首次提出肠-肝轴的概念以来,肠-肝轴紊乱在IFALD发生发展中的作用也备受关注。肠道-肝脏之间的"对话"是维持肝脏代谢和肠道内稳态平衡的关键,二者相互作用,互为因果。然而,作为一个"被遗忘的器官",肠道菌群在IFALD发病过程中的作用并没有得到很好的体现。因此,笔者首次提出肠-菌-肝轴这样一个全新的概念,试图强调肠道菌群是肠-肝轴中的重要一环,三者之间的相互作用在IF患者肠道和肝脏损害过程中扮演着重要的角色。对肠-菌-肝轴这一概念的理解和深入研究,将对理解IFALD的发病机制和改进防治措施具有重要意义。     

人诱导多能干细胞分化来源心肌细胞特征及促成熟方法研究进展

人诱导多能干细胞分化来源的心肌细胞(Human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes,hiPSC-CMs)为心脏修复、心脏药物测试、体外心脏建模等提供了理想细胞来源。但hiPSC-CMs与心肌细胞相比并不成熟,表现在缺乏某些特定基因表达,结构、代谢、电生理不成熟,Ca 2+处理水平低等方面。许多研究都聚焦于促进hiPSC-CMs成熟的方法,包括生化刺激、物理刺激、共培养、3D培养、miRNA等。本文对hiPSC-CMs特征及其促成熟方法进行综述,并展望该领域的发展方向。     

A Novel Composite Skin Graft Technique with Fat Derivatives

Skin grafting, although a relatively classic and well-known technique, still has multiple disadvantages such as secondary contracture of the skin graft, sunken depression, poor elasticity, and color mismatch. Adding adipose tissues significantly improved the graft appearance compared to traditional skin grafting methods. Herein, we report two cases of modified skin graft procedures, both showing positive outcomes. In case 1, a mechanically processed fat-derived product was injected into the lower half of the skin graft area. In case 2, left upper eyelid blepharoplasty was performed, and the orbital fat strip was transferred and placed under the recipient area on the right side. Hair growth was observed only in case 1, whereas the extent of sunken depression was significantly reduced in both cases. Compared to traditional skin grafting methods, adding fat components to the skin graft recipient area improved the appearance and blood supply, together with enhancing the regenerative rate.     

Progress of laser and light treatments for lower eyelid rejuvenation

Laser and light treatments have recently become popular owing to its efficacy in treating laxity, rhytids, hyperpigmentation of the lower eyelids, and drooping of septum fat. For several decades, our department has explored the application of laser and light treatment for eye rejuvenation. This paper summarizes common treatment methods and analyzes the published literature on the indications and outcomes of multiple laser and light treatments for lower eyelid rejuvenation. An extensive survey of peer-reviewed literature was performed using PubMed, with the search terms “noninvasive treatment”, “infraorbital”, “palpebral bags”, “lower eyelid”, “radiofrequency (RF)”, “laser”, “nonsurgical skin tightening”, and “noninvasive fat reduction”. The results showed that the use of lasers, intense pulsed light (IPL), monopolar RF, bipolar RF, AdipoLASER rejuvenation (ALJ), and fractional RF microneedling are safe and effective treatments for palpebral bags. We conclude that using Q-switched lasers, IPL, RF, ALJ, and fractional RF microneedling is safe and effective for lower eyelid rejuvenation, with minimal complications and quick recovery. Further research and development of optoelectronic therapy may encourage breakthroughs in lower eyelid treatment, such as simplified complex surgery and noninvasive methods.     

反复自然流产患者血清中封闭抗体的检测

本文根据病史将反复自然流产(RSA)分类为原发性RSA 及继发性RSA,分别以单向混合淋巴细胞反应封闭试验及补体依赖微量细胞毒试验评价封闭抗体与两类流产的关系。结果发现,原发性RSA主要因封闭抗体缺乏所致;而继发性RSA 无封闭抗体缺乏迹象。因此,尽管原发性RSA 与继发性RSA 临床表现类似,但其免疫学病因及发病机理可能不同。     

A histomorphometric and molecular study on stress adaptability of freeze-dried bone allograft

Objective To Investigate stress adaptability of freeze-dried bone allograft.Methods Cortical and cancellous allograft were transplanted to each side of the midshaft diaphyseal ulna in two groups of 28 animals. The left transplanted allograft w as free from fixation and bore a normal physiological load, while the right tran splanted allograft was protected from loading by a simple external fixator and b ore less load. Animals were sacrificed at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th week after tr ansplantation and specimens were taken out for bone histomorphometry studies an d analysis of collagen gene expression by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization.Results Labeled surface(LS) and bone mineral apposition rate(MAR) of the normally loaded graft-host bone interface were significantly higher than that of the less load ed side at the 4th,8th,16th week after transplantation. Parameters reflecting t he internal repair process of the allograft, such as LS in cortical and cancello us bone or MAR in cortical bone of the normally loaded side were significantly h igher than those of the less loaded side at the 16th week after transplantation . The result of in situ hybridization indicated that more osteoblast-like cell s expressing the type Ⅰ collagen gene were found in the interface or interior o f normally loaded grafts. Conclusion The stimulus of physiologic load can accelerate the early union of allograft-ho st bone interface and later new bone creep substitution to the necrotic allograft.     

Expression of HLA-DR antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma and its up-regulation by interferon

Objective: To observe the expression of human leukocytic antigen DR (HLA-DR) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its up-regulation by interferon (IFN). Methods: The expression of HLA-DR in 46 specimens of human HCC tissues, 4 human HCC cell lines (SMMC-7721, HCC-9204, BEL-7402 and HHCC) and a human hepatocyte cell line QZG was respectively detected by immunohistochemical ABC staining and flow cytometry. The expression of HLA-DR in the 5 cell lines was detected by ELISA before and after the cells were treated with IFN-γ or IFN-α. Results:Eighteen out of 46 HCC tissues (39.1%) expressed HLA-DR, whereas all the normal liver tissues immediately adjacent to HCC tissues were HLA-DR-negative. No obvious HLA-DR-positive staining was found in all the 5 cell lines. The expression of HLA-DR was up-regulated in all the 5 cell lines after IFN-γ or IFN-α treatment. The up-regulation of HI A-DR in QZG cells was less obvious than that in HCC cell lines. The effect of IFN-γ was more significant than that of IFN-α. Conclusion: HCC tissues can express HLA-DR to some extent, but HCC cell lines do not express detectable HLA-DR. IFN can up-regulate HLA-DR expression in HCC cells.     

肝硬化病人醋氨酚的药代动力学研究

目的 研究肝硬化病人醋氨酚（Ａｃｅ）的药代动力学和代谢方式,探讨其对评估肝功能的意义。方法 空腹口服Ａｃｅ １．０ｇ,定时收集唾液及２４ｈ尿液,采用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）测定Ａｃｅ、葡萄糖醛酸－Ａｃｅ（ＧＡ）和硫酸－Ａｃｅ（ＳＡ）含量。结果 与正常对照组相比,８例肝硬化病人Ａｃｅ的唾液半衰期（Ｔ１／２）平均延长２３．６％,尿液Ａｃ的原形排泄量增加５２．７％,但无统计学意义。Ｃｌ、Ｋ、Ｖｄ和２４ｈ尿液中ＧＡ、ＳＡ累积排泄量均无显著差异。结论 Ａｃｅ的结合代谢试验不是反映肝功能损害的敏感指标。