铸造支架联合NITI悬臂梁矫正舌倾下颌磨牙的临床效果评价

目的 评价NITI悬臂梁在矫正舌倾下颌磨牙中的临床效果。方法 选择16例单侧下颌第二磨牙舌倾的病例为研究对象,带垫铸造支架连接双侧下颌后牙,提供颌内支抗、解除咬合锁结,0.018英寸×0.025英寸或0.019英寸×0.025英寸NITI悬臂梁提供颊向旋转力矩和压低力。采用Graphpad Prism 6.0 软件对治疗前、后所测数据进行配对 t 检验。结果 所有患牙均获得直立,牙轴变化24°±1.2°（P<0.01）,近中舌尖到正中矢状面垂直距离变化（3±0.8） mm（P<0.05）,牙周状况良好,咬合关系稳定。结论 铸造支架联合NITI 悬臂梁可提供有效力学机制,矫正舌倾下颌磨牙。     

Low vaccination coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Shanghai,China: A database analysis based on birth cohorts from 2012 to 2020

BackgroundPneumococcal vaccines have been developed to protect infants and young children from pneumococcal diseases. Vaccination coverage studies are important in determining a population’s vaccination status and strategically adjusting national immunization programs (NIP). In this paper, we aim to describe the coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) immunization for birth cohorts from 2012 to 2020 and discussed the factors influencing the coverage.MethodsVaccination data were collected via the vaccination information database in Shanghai, China, for children born from 2012 to 2020. The population data used in this study were collected from each community from 2012 to 2020. The coverage of initial immunization (1^st dose), basic immunization (three doses) and full immunization (3 + 1 doses) for PCVs was calculated according to the number of doses received. As vaccination coverage was assessed each year, Annual Growth Rate (AGR) was used to describe the variation trend of vaccination coverage. Immunization time and completeness of different PCVs were also analyzed.ResultsThe total number of births from 2012 to 2020 was 38,268 in Huangpu District, Shanghai, China. The initial immunization coverage of PCVs increased from 12.26% in 2012 to 49.65% in 2020, and the highest coverage was 50.61% in 2019. The cumulative vaccination coverage of PCVs was 19.4% for initial immunization and 16.8% for basic immunization from 2012 to 2020. And cumulative full immunization coverage of PCVs was 12.3% from 2012 to 2019. The PCVs coverage of most vaccination statuses showed an obvious upward trend from 2017 to 2020.ConclusionsDespite an upward trend in vaccination coverage of PCVs, the vaccination coverage of initial, basic and full immunization among children is still low. And given the heavy burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) among children in China and the fact that the current vaccination coverage cannot effectively protect children, it is recommended that the government include PCVs into the NIP as soon as possible.     

早孕建册妇女分娩方式的主观意愿调查分析

目的 :了解早孕建册分娩知识、分娩方式的主观意愿和健康需求情况 ,为降低剖宫产率 ,提出相关建议。方法 :采取整群抽样的方法 ,对 5 6 5例早孕建册妇女 ,就分娩知识、分娩意愿和健康需求等方面进行直接问卷调查。结果 :认为剖宫产对母婴无危害的占 35 .8% ,对分娩过程基本了解的仅占 2 8.3% ,其分娩知识主要来源于同事和朋友占 34.5 %。在能自然分娩的情况下 ,有2 4 .4 %的早孕妇女仍坚持选择剖宫产 ,30岁以上年龄组选择剖宫产主观意愿明显高于其他年龄组。健康需求调查显示对产前咨询门诊和妇女保健热线需求较高 ,分别占 81.2 %和 75 .4 %。结论 :该调查人群分娩知识较为贫乏 ,对剖宫产的认识片面。但只要加强孕期宣教及管理 ,根据孕妇需求增设服务内容 ,改变产时服务模式 ,剖宫产率能够得到有效控制。     

异丙酚联合米索前列醇在人工流产术中应用研究

目的:探讨早孕妇女应用异丙酚行无痛人工流产术前阴道放置米索前列醇效果。方法:选择自愿行无痛人工流产术的早孕妇女240例随机分3组,于人工流产术前不同时间阴道放置米索前列醇(200μg)两组和对照组(未用米索前列醇),观察术中扩宫的难易程度、手术时间、术中出血量及手术并发症。结果:阴道放置米索前列醇组术中无阻力扩宫的例数均明显多于未放置米索前列醇组(P<0.01),手术时间亦明显缩短(P<0.01),术中出血量明显减少(P<0.01),麻醉药用量亦减少(P<0.01),术中反应少(P<0.01)。术前1～2小时阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇组较术前3～4小时放药组术前腹痛率及阴道出血率均明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:术前1～2小时阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇200μg可起到扩张宫颈,提高手术质量,减少手术并发症效果。     

2种锥形束CT转化头颅侧位片的定点一致性探讨

目的: 采用2种方式将头颅锥形束CT（cone-beam CT,CBCT）数据转化为头颅侧位片,对比2组定点分析的一致性。方法: 利用Dolphin软件将56例牙列完整患者的头颅CBCT数据转换为侧位片,对照组一次性投照右半侧,实验组分别对右侧6个部位投照,形成组合式侧位片。由1名资深正畸医师对23个常用标志点分别进行描迹,采用SPSS 13.0软件包中的Hotelling T²检验分析2组定点的一致性。结果: 前鼻脊点、后鼻脊点、上切牙根尖点、下切缘点、下切牙根尖点、髁突点的定点差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论: 组合式侧位片能更清晰地显示所需检测的解剖结构,测量的准确性更优。     

Concurrent and cross-season protection of inactivated influenza vaccine against A(H1N1)pdm09 illness among young children: 2012–2013 case–control evaluation of influenza vaccine effectiveness

In 2012–2013, we examined 1729 laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza cases matched 1:1 with healthy controls and estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) to be 67% (95% confidence interval = 58–74%) for ages 8 months to 6 years old. Among children aged 8–35 months old, VE for fully vaccinated children (73%, 60–81%) was significantly higher than VE for partially vaccinated children (55%, 33–70%). Significant cross-season protection from prior IIV3 was noted, including VE of 31% (8–48%) from IIV3 received in 2010–2011 against influenza illness in 2012––2013 without subsequent boosting doses.     

Endoscopic transvestibular anatomy of the infratemporal fossa and upper parapharyngeal spaces for clinical surgery: a cadaver study

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - To investigate the anatomy of the infratemporal fossa (ITF) and to discuss the practicality of endoscopic transvestibular surgery for an ITF tumor. Five...     

中文科技期刊编委会结构优化策略

【目的】 探讨中文科技期刊编委会结构设置特点,提出进一步优化编委会以促进期刊发展的策略。【方法】 统计分析9种耳鼻咽喉科学核心期刊编委会的结构设置、编委数量、换届频率等,总结存在的问题及对期刊发展带来的不良影响,提出优化策略。【结果】 中文科技期刊编委会存在组织结构设置名称多样、规模差异较大、编委兼职明显、编委会换届频率差异显著等问题。建议提高编委遴选标准,合理控制编委会规模,弱化行政考评对担任期刊编委的要求,定期更新编委会。【结论】 合理的编委会结构与规模、严格的编委遴选标准及适时更替将有助于中文科技期刊的可持续发展。