金属内支架介入治疗恶性输尿管狭窄的临床应用

目的探讨经皮顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗恶性输尿管狭窄的效果。方法对14例恶性肿瘤伴输尿管狭窄的患者行经皮顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗。术后观察尿量及性状,超声及腹部平片随访。结果14例患者植入输尿管内支架均获成功,输尿管梗阻解除,患者临床症状改善,肾功能好转。结论对恶性输尿管狭窄的患者行顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗输尿管狭窄,是一种简便、有效、创伤小的治疗方法。     

Guidelines for the diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) is a global public health issue. CRGNB isolates are usually extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high mortality. A multidisciplinary guideline development group covering clinical infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, clinical pharmacology, infection control, and guideline methodology experts jointly developed the present clinical practice guidelines based on best available scientific evidence to address the clinical issues regarding laboratory testing, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of CRGNB infections. This guideline focuses on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Sixteen clinical questions were proposed from the perspective of current clinical practice and translated into research questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) format to collect and synthesize relevant evidence to inform corresponding recommendations. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, benefit and risk profile of corresponding interventions and formulate recommendations or suggestions. Evidence extracted from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered preferentially for treatment-related clinical questions. Observational studies, non-controlled studies, and expert opinions were considered as supplementary evidence in the absence of RCTs. The strength of recommendations was classified as strong or conditional (weak). The evidence informing recommendations derives from studies worldwide, while the implementation suggestions combined the Chinese experience. The target audience of this guideline is clinician and related professionals involved in management of infectious diseases.     

舒腰录2号胶囊治疗腰椎间盘突出症药效学实验和随机对照临床研究

目的：研究舒腰灵2号胶囊的药物作用和临床疗效。方法：对大小白鼠进行急性毒性试验、足跖肿胀试验、毛细血管通透性试验、小鼠扭体反应、全血粘度和红细胞压积测定以及60例腰椎间盘突出症病例的随机对照试验。结果：(1)舒腰灵2号胶囊有显著的抑制角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀作用；有明显对抗乙酸刺激所引起的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高的作用；不同剂量溶液均有不同程度的减轻由乙酸引起的小鼠疼痛反应；大剂量组具有降低全血粘度和红细胞压积的作用；并且未见毒性反应。(2)60例临床病例的随机对照试验表明舒腰灵2号胶囊有效率为83．3％，与舒腰灵冲剂对照组有效率差异不显著。结论：舒腰灵2号胶囊具有明显的抗炎、止痛作用，并有一定的降低毛细血管通透性及改善血液流变学的作用，能够改善腰突症患者的整体状态，具有一定的治疗作用。     

医院获得性肺炎非发酵菌群感染的临床及药敏分析

：探讨医院工儿得性肺炎至肺炎致病菌的分布及耐药性。方法：对３６０例医院获得性肺炎１０５例患者痰及血标本中的１２４株非发酵蓖培养及药敏进行分析。结果;非发酵菌占总菌数４１．１％（１２４／３０２）。其中,铜绿假单胞菌５４株,不动杆菌４１株,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌１２株。铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林、阿米卡星、头孢哌酮、头孢他啶、亚胺培南、氨曲南、环丙沙星敏感。不动杆菌对包曲松、亚胺培南、环丙沙星敏感。对嗜麦芽窄食     

上海某区世博期间精神病人治疗管理模式探讨

目的探讨世博期间辖区精神病人治疗管理模式,为精神病人长效管理提供依据。方法对疑似人群进行线索排查,对病人进行危险性评估,实行分级管理或入院治疗。结果对常住人口42076人和流动人口12300人开展线索调查,确诊精神病人108人;实施规范服药和定期随访后,社区1218名病人按医嘱服药率和家庭支持率分别为71.2%和67.4%,危险性评估均为1级以下;精神病人肇祸起数比上一年下降50%,肇事起数比上一年下降30%。结论对疑似病人进行排查,明确诊断,做到对病人的＂早发现、早诊断、早报告、早治疗和早管理＂。对社区病人实施规范服药和定期随访后,病人按医嘱服药率和家庭支持率显著提高,危险性等级显著降低,全区精神病人肇事、肇祸起数明显下降。     

白念珠菌14-α脱甲基酶K143Q氨基酸置换与氟康唑耐药形成的相关性研究

目的研究临床耐氟康唑白念珠菌14-α脱甲基酶的K143Q氨基酸置换与氟康唑耐药形成的关系。方法运用体外定点突变技术构建ERG11基因A427C突变型重组质粒,并利用酶切、连接构建YES2/CT酵母表达质粒。通过构建成的表达质粒在酿酒酵母中的异源性表达及体外药物敏感性表型的检测,分析其致K143Q氨基酸置换与白念珠菌对氟康唑产生耐药的关系。结果真菌体外药物敏感性表型检测显示,含氨基酸置换的表达质粒转染于酿酒酵母INVSc1后,氟康唑最低抑菌浓度(MIC)增加16倍。结论 K143Q可增强白念珠菌对氟康唑的耐药性。     

Epigenetically downregulated Semaphorin 3E contributes to gastric cancer

Axon guidance protein Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) promotes tumor metastasis and suppresses tumor cell death. Here, we demonstrated that Sema3E was decreased in gastric cancer. Its levels were inversely associated with tumor progression. Levels of Sema3E were associated with low p300 and high class I histone deacetylase (class I HDAC). Ectopic expression of Sema3E inhibited proliferation and colony formation of gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and xenografts in vivo. Sema3E overexpression inhibited migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, which was associated with induction of E-cadherin and reduction of Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We suggest that silencing of Sema3E contributes to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.