Explorations on risk profiles for overweight and obesity in 9501 preschool-aged children

BackgroundChildhood obesity places a major burden on global public health. We aimed to identify and characterize potential factors, both individually and jointly, in association with overweight and obesity in Chinese preschool-aged children.MethodsWe cross-sectionally recruited 9501 preschool-aged children from 30 kindergartens in Beijing and Tangshan. Overweight and obesity are defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and China criteria.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, eating speed, sleep duration, birthweight, and paternal body mass index (BMI) were consistently and significantly associated with childhood overweight and obesity under three growth criteria at a significance level of 5%. Additional fast food intake frequency, maternal BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI were significant factors for overweight (WHO criteria) and obesity (both IOTF and China criteria). Importantly, there were significant interactions between parental obesity and eating speed for childhood obesity. Finally, for practical reasons, risk nomogram models were constructed for childhood overweight and obesity based on significant factors under each criterion, with good prediction accuracy.ConclusionOur findings indicated a synergistic association of lifestyle, fetal and neonatal, and family-related factors with the risk of experiencing overweight and obesity among preschool-aged children.     

蒲药灌肠液辅助血府逐瘀胶囊综合治疗气滞血瘀型慢性盆腔炎的临床试验

目的 研究蒲药灌肠液辅助血府逐瘀胶囊综合治疗气滞血瘀型慢性盆腔炎的临床疗效,为其临床应用提供科学依据。方法 气滞血瘀型慢性盆腔炎患者122例,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组口服血府逐瘀胶囊,试验组口服血府逐瘀胶囊同时辅助蒲药灌肠液治疗,2个疗程后比较2组治疗效果。结果 试验组愈显率为69.4%,总有效率为93.6%;对照组愈显率为43.3%,总有效率为81.6%;两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组在改善中医证候和局部体征方面,降低高切全血黏度、血浆黏度和红细胞积压方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 蒲药灌肠液辅助血府逐瘀胶囊综合治疗气滞血瘀型慢性盆腔炎,可以明显提高治疗效果,且能改善患者血液流变性,值得临床推广。     

MicroRNA -181a 对人宫颈癌细胞的铂类药物敏感性的调节作用

目的：观察不同铂类药物敏感性宫颈癌细胞中的 microRNA（miR）-181a 表达,提高宫颈癌的药物治疗效果。方法观察不同铂类药物敏感性人体标本与人宫颈鳞状癌细胞系中的 miR -181a 表达。通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）与基因转染技术,在体内与体外试验中,对 miR -181a 表达与铂类药物的敏感性进行研究。结果在2株人宫颈鳞状癌细胞系与人体标本中对化学治疗（简称化疗）药物有耐受性的肿瘤细胞 miR -181a 高表达,在裸鼠移植瘤模型与经过转染的细胞系中 miR -181a 的过表达显著增强了化疗的耐药性,而转染了 miR -181a 抑制因子后,药物敏感性明显升高。结论 miR -181a 在调控肿瘤细胞化疗耐药性中有重要的协调作用,研究为预测人宫颈鳞状细胞癌的化疗耐药性提供了一种基因标志物。     

子痫前期患者可溶性血管内皮生长因子及其受体与子宫胎盘床螺旋动脉变化及意义

目的研究可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1(sFlt-1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在子痫前期患者血清中的浓度变化,以及子宫胎盘床螺旋动脉的相应变化,探讨sFlt-1和VEGF在子痫前期中的作用。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别测定轻度子痫前期、重度子痫前期患者及正常妊娠妇女外周血清中sFlt-1和VEGF的浓度。同时按照Robertson方法,获取胎盘床活检标本,在光学显微镜下观察子痫前期组与对照组胎盘床螺旋动脉的生理性变化。结果(1)子痫前期组各组外周血清中sFlt-1水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),子痫前期重度组高于子痫前期轻度组(P<0.05);(2)子痫前期组各组外周血血清中VEGF水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),子痫前期重度组低于子痫前期轻度组(P<0.05)。正常妊娠组与子痫前期组胎盘床蜕膜螺旋动脉的生理性改变差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。子痫前期组肌层螺旋动脉的生理性改变明显少于正常妊娠组,2组差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论外周血中升高的sFlt-1和降低的VEGF以及相应的肌层螺旋动脉生理性改变可能与妊娠期高血压的发病有关,并参与了子痫前期病理生理过程。     

The enhancing effect and promoting mechanisms of the stereoisomeric monoterpene alcohol esters as enhancers for drugs with different physicochemical properties

To explore the structure-activity connections of amphiphilic permeation enhancers containing the length of the hydrophobic chains as well as the properties of the polar head,O-acylgeraniol and O-acylnerol derivatives were synthesized from geraniol/nerol(cis-isomer of geraniol) and pharmaceutical excipient acids in this research. Their promotion of the percutaneous absorption of three drugs as the model, flurbiprofen(FP), isosorbide dinitrate(ISDN) and donepezil(DNP), which were selected based on...     

小儿反复呼吸道感染危险因素分析

目的:探讨小儿反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)的危险因素,为降低儿童RRTI患病率制定相应的预防措施。方法:采用成组设计的病例对照研究方法,对RRTI病例及健康小儿各101例进行问卷调查,采用原子吸收法检测血微量元素(血锌、铜、铁、钙、镁)及血铅水平,采用免疫透射比浊法测定IgM、IgA、IgG、补体C3、补体C4的含量。应用Logistic回归模型控制混杂因素干扰。结果:儿童期不偏食、血锌为保护性因素。血铅含量偏高、主要看护人不是自己父母、户外活动时间短、既往佝偻病史为RRTI的可能危险因素。结论:运用科学的营养方式,杜绝偏食,坚持体育锻炼及户外活动,父母多看护儿女,定期检测微量元素,必要时补充锌或驱铅治疗,提高机体抵抗力,将会减少RRTI发生率。     

Development of a high-growth enterovirus 71 vaccine candidate inducing cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses

Although Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has only one serotype based on serum neutralization tests using hyperimmune animal antisera, three major genogroups (A, B and C) including eleven genotypes (A, B1-B2, and C1-C5) can be well classified based on phylogenetic analysis. Since 1997, large-scale EV71 epidemics occurred cyclically with different genotypes in the Asia-Pacific region. Therefore, development of EV71 vaccines is a national priority in several Asian countries. Currently, five vaccine candidates have been evaluated in clinical trials in China (three C4 candidates), Singapore (one B2 candidate), and Taiwan (one B4 candidate). Overall, the peak viral titers of these 5 vaccine candidates could only reach about 10⁷ TCID₅₀/mL. Moreover, genotypes of these 5 candidates are different from the current predominant genotype B5 in Taiwan and South-Eastern Asia. We adapted a high-growth EV71 genotype B5 (HG-B5) virus after multiple passages and plaque selections in Vero cells and the HG-B5 virus could reach high titers (>10⁸ TCID₅₀/mL) in a microcarrier-based cell culture system. The viral particles were further purified and formulated with alum adjuvant. After two doses of intramuscular immunization in rabbits, the HG-B5 vaccine candidate could induce cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against the three major EV71 genogroups. In conclusion, a high-growth EV71 virus was successfully adapted in Vero cells and could induce broad spectrum neutralizing antibody titers against three (A, B5, and C4) genotypes in rabbits.     

HPLC法同时测定蒲药灌肠液中3个有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立蒲药灌肠液中香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和延胡索乙素的HPLC含量测定方法。方法: 采用ZORBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸（三乙胺调节pH至6.0）为流动相,梯度洗脱程序,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为254 nm（0～14 min）和281 nm（14～25 min）,柱温:30 ℃。结果: 香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和延胡索乙素的线性范围分别为19.840～198.400 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）、20.520～205.200 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）和10.040～100.400 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）,回收率分别为98.8%、98.6%和98.9%,RSD分别为1.4%、1.6%和1.3%（n=6）。结论: 该方法灵敏度高,专属性强,可用于蒲药灌肠液的质量控制。     

Protective effect of gastrodin on bile duct ligation-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

Gastrodin has been showed to possess many beneficial physiological functions, including protection against inflammation and oxidation and apoptosis. Studies showed inflammation and oxidation play important roles in producing liver damage and initiating hepatic fibrogenesis. However, it has not been reported whether gastrodin has a protective effect against hepatic fibrosis or not. This is first ever made attempts to test gastrodin against liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation (BDL) rats. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of gastrodin on BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. BDL rats were divided into two groups, BDL alone group, and BDL-gastrodin group treated with gastrodin (5 mg/ml in drinking water). The effects of gastrodin on BDL-induced hepatic injury and fibrosis in rats were estimated by assessing serum, urine, bile and liver tissue biochemistry followed by liver histopathology (using hematoxylin & eosin and sirius red stain) and hydroxyproline content measurement. The results showed that gastrodin treatment significantly reduced collagen content, bile duct proliferation and parenchymal necrosis after BDL. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased with gastrodin treatment by 15.1 and 23.6 percent respectively in comparison to BDL group did not receive gastrodin. Gastrodin also significantly increased the level of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) by 62.5 percent and down-regulated the elevated urine total bilirubin (TBIL) by 56.5 percent, but had no effect on total bile acid (TBA) in serum, bile and liver tissues. The immunohistochemical assay showed gastrodin remarkably reduced the expressions of CD68 and NF-κB in BDL rats. Hepatic SOD levels, depressed by BDL, were also increased by gastrodin by 8.4 percent. In addition, the increases of hepatic MDA and NO levels in BDL rats were attenuated by gastrodin by 31.3 and 38.7 percent separately. Our results indicate that gastrodin significantly attenuated the severity of BDL-induced hepatic injury and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. Taken together, these findings suggest that gastrodin might be an effective antifibrotic drug in cholestatic liver disease.     

Consensus report of the joint workshop of the Italian Society of Diabetology,Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology,Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (SID-SIdP-AMD)

Periodontitis has been defined as the Sixth complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Since both diabetes mellitus and periodontitis have a high prevalence in the general population, the Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology and the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists revised the present scientific literature in the present consensus report.A bi-directional interaction was demonstrated: Patients affected by type 1 and type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of periodontitis than the general population, due to several metabolic factors (e.g. chronic hyperglycemia, autoimmunity, dietary and life-style factors); similarly, periodontitis predisposes to type 2 diabetes mellitus mainly via the increase of systemic cytokines release. Conversely, improvement of metabolic control of diabetic patients delay the progression of periodontitis as well as periodontitis treatment reduces glycosylated hemoglobin levels in blood.Due to the bi-directional causal interaction between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus, a strict collaboration among dentists and diabetologists is required and strongly recommended. The inter-societies consensus proposes specific flow-diagrams to improve the treatment of patients and management of the general population regarding the issue of periodontitis and diabetes.