研究倍他乐克对舒张性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的研究倍他乐克对舒张性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法选取60例舒张性心力衰竭患者,随机分成试验组30例,对照组30例。对照组采用速尿、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、硝酸脂类等药物治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上使用倍他乐克治疗。治疗8周后随访,比较两组患者收缩压、舒张压、心率、E峰/A峰、等容舒张时间、左室射血分数。结果试验组各指标明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论倍他乐克对舒张性心力衰竭患者改善心功能有效,值得在临床推广。     

三维及多平面重建CT技术在鼻部整形中的应用价值分析

目的:分析在鼻部整形中三维及多平面重建CT技术的应用价值。方法:选择2018年2月~2019年7月本院收治的60例行鼻部整形的患者进行分析,所有患者均开展三维及多平面重建CT技术检测,结合检查结果,开展相应的隆鼻手术。分析术后不良反应、患者满意度。术后6个月,在CT测量下,检测前后鼻部解剖数据。结果:在鼻部整形中,三维及多平面重建CT技术的应用,可以准确了解鼻部结构,如观察侧鼻骨、鼻部皮肤、鼻根等情况。术后评价,患者对鼻部整形满意度较高,术后6个月,患者对鼻部整形满意度较高,术后与术后6个月患者鼻部满意度相比,无统计学意义,P>0.05。术后60例患者没有出现出血、切口感染等反应,同时也没有出现肋软骨外漏与倾斜等现象。经随访术后6个月发现1例患者的鼻背软骨出现轻度弯曲,但无明显表现,没有做特殊处理;其余患者,鼻部外形均表现为鼻尖挺拔、鼻背曲线流畅。结论:在鼻部整形中,应用三维及多平面重建CT技术,可以辅助提高隆鼻手术准确度,并在CT技术的引导下,准确植入自体肋软骨,可以为手术成功奠定基础,促使鼻唇与周围器官形态的协调性,进一步提高患者满意度。     

眼针疗法改善实验性血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆障碍及海马神经元超微结构的变化

目的　探讨眼针疗法对血管性痴呆 (VD)大鼠学习记忆障碍与海马神经元超微结构的变化。方法　 4 -血管阻断法制成血管性痴呆大鼠模型 ,取眼针肝区、心区、肾区。共治疗 30日 ,并与西药尼莫通相对照。实验前后分别进行 Y-型迷宫测试 ,实验结束后电镜观察海马神经元超微结构。结果　与对照组比较 ,模型组大鼠学习记忆明显障碍 ,海马神经元超微结构明显改变 ,神经元损害严重。眼针组与药物组 VD大鼠学习记忆障碍明显改善 ,与模型组比较 (P<0 .0 1) ,海马神经元超微结构变化相对较轻 ,明显轻于模型组。结论　眼针疗法可改善实验性血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆障碍及海马神经元超微结构的变化。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定抗癌新药SLXM-2的含量

 目的建立测定抗癌新药SLXM-2含量的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。方法采用C₁₈硅烷键合硅胶为填料的色谱柱(DIKMA^TM4.6mm×200mm,5μm),乙腈-水(20:80)为流动相,流速为1mL·min^-1,检测波长为199nm。结果SLXM-2的质量浓度为0.392～2.02g·L^-1内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为99.7%(n=9);本方法的最低检出浓度为4.4mg·L^-1。结论该方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于抗癌新药SLXM-2的质量控制。     

Multifaceted effects of aluminium in neurodegenerative diseases: A review

Aluminium (Al) is the most common metal and widely distributed in our environment. Al was first isolated as an element in 1827, and its use began only after 1886. Al is widely used for industrial applications and consumer products. Apart from these it is also used in cooking utensils and in pharmacological agents, including antacids and antiperspirants from which the element usually enters into the human body. Evidence for the neurotoxicity of Al is described in various studies, but still the exact mechanism of Al toxicity is not known. However, the evidence suggests that the Al can potentiate oxidative stress and inflammatory events and finally leads to cell death.Al is considered as a well-established neurotoxin and have a link between the exposure and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia, Gulf war syndrome and Parkinsonism. Here, we review the detailed possible pathogenesis of Al neurotoxicity. This review summarizes Al induced events likewise oxidative stress, cell mediated toxicity, apoptosis, inflammatory events in the brain, glutamate toxicity, effects on calcium homeostasis, gene expression and Al induced Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. Apart from these we also discussed animal models that are commonly used for Al induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration studies. These models help to find out a better way to treat and prevent the progression in Al induced neurodegenerative diseases.     

Accuracy of two midsagittal planes in three-dimensional analysis and their measurement in patients with skeletal mandibular deviation: a comparative study

Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of two midsagittal planes (MSP) to provide a better reference plane for studying the 3-dimensional structural symmetry in patients with skeletal mandibular deviation. Thirty adult patients with facial asymmetry were admitted to the Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, between January 2015 and 2017. The DICOM data were collected and reconstructed using ProPlan CMF^® 2.0 (Materialise). Two sets of reference planes were set up. In the orbital margin plane group, the plane crossing the nasion (N) point and perpendicular to the frontozygomatic (FZ) suture line was used as the MSP. In the skull base plane group, the MSP was established using the sella turcica (S), N, and basion (Ba). The distances from the craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue midline landmarks to the two MSP were separately measured, and the significance of differences between measurements corresponding to two reference planes were assessed using the paired t test. Except for the posterior nasal spine (PNS)-MSP, the distances from other soft and hard tissue landmarks to the MSP in the orbital margin plane group were significantly shorter than those in the skull base plane group. In the 3-dimensional measurement analysis, the skeletal and soft tissue anatomical midline landmarks were closer to the MSP in the orbital margin plane group. The MSP crossing point N, perpendicular to the FZ suture line, was more accurate and suitable.     

急性阑尾炎的CT分级对外科术后病理结果预测分析

目的：探究CT分级方法对急性阑尾炎外科术后病理结果预测价值。方法：选取来本院急诊科就诊疑似急性阑尾炎的患者73例为临床研究对象，所有患者接受多层螺旋CT腹部扫描并进行CT分级，24h内均接受开腹手术治疗，摘取阑尾组织作病理学检查作为本病的准确诊断，通过统计学方法分析CT分级的诊断方法是否对急性阑尾炎外科术后病理结果预测有明确诊断价值。结果：所有73例患者共有39例患者诊断为急性阑尾炎，对应CT分级中3级及以上阳性诊断率较高；急性阑尾炎CT分级的Roc分析，曲线下面积（AUC）为0.946，具有明显差异性（P〈0.05），选择截断值为3，故临床应以CT分级3级及以上患者诊断为急性阑尾炎。结论：CT分级方法能准确预测急性阑尾炎外科术后病理结果，可作为临床急性阑尾炎诊断标准。     

Pre-treatment waking cortisol response and vulnerability to interferon α induced depression

Depressive disorder is a common consequence of interferon α treatment. An understanding of the aetiological processes involved is evolving. HPA axis abnormalities are clearly described in community depressive disorder and represent vulnerability to depression development. We explored whether pre-treatment HPA axis abnormalities influence depression emergence during interferon α treatment. We examined waking HPA axis response via salivary cortisol sampling in 44 non-depressed, chronic hepatitis C infected patients due to commence standard interferon α treatment. Hamilton depression scales and the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV major depressive disorder status were administered monthly during treatment. Major depressive disorder developed in 26 of 44 subjects during interferon-α treatment. The pre-treatment waking cortisol response over 1 h was significantly greater in the subsequent switch to depression group (F=4.23, p=0.046). The waking cortisol response pre-treatment with interferon α appears greater in those subsequently switching to depressive disorder during treatment. This waking response may join other vulnerability factors for depression emergence in this group. This model could prove a valuable tool in understanding non-iatrogenic depressive disorder in the general population and notably the role of cytokines.     

Custom 3-Dimensional Printed Ultrasound-Compatible Vascular Access Models: Training Medical Students for Vascular Access

PurposeTo generate 3-dimensional (3D) printed ultrasound (US)-compatible vascular models (3DPVAM) and test them for noninferiority in training medical students in femoral artery access.Materials and MethodsA 3DPVAM of normal femoral artery (FA) anatomy was developed from an anonymized computerized tomography (CT) examination. Students were randomized to a 3DPVAM or a commercial model (CM) simulation experience (SE) for US-guided FA access. Students completed a pre-SE questionnaire ranking their self-confidence in accessing the artery on a 5-point Likert scale. A standardized SE was administered by interventional radiology faculty or trainees. Students completed a post-SE questionnaire ranking comfort with FA access on a Likert scale. Student questionnaire results from the 3DPVAM group were compared with those from the CM group by using chi-square, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and noninferiority analyses.ResultsTwenty-six and twenty-three students were randomized to 3DPVAM and commercial model training, respectively. A total of 76.9% of 3DPVAM trainees and 82.6% of CM trainees did not feel confident performing FA access prior to the SE. In both groups, training increased student confidence by 2 Likert points (3DPVAM: P < 0.001; CM P < 0.001). The confidence increase in 3DPVAM trainees was noninferior to that in CM trainees (P < 0.001).ConclusionsGeneration of a custom-made 3DPVAM is feasible, producing comparable subjective training outcomes to those of CM. Custom-made 3D-printed training models, including incorporation of more complex anatomical configurations, could be used to instruct medical students in procedural skills.