老年人复发性尿路感染长疗程治疗疗效观察

目的 设计一种药物轮换、分期、长疗程的治疗方法,以临床治愈为目标,观察该方法对老年复发性尿路感染患者的疗效.方法 将入选患者分为老年组(年龄≥65岁)30例和非老年组48例,选择数种有效抗生素轮换应用.采用分期治疗方法:(1)治疗期:抗生素按常规剂量应用,直至尿常规正常;(2)巩固期:抗生素减量应用;(3)维持期:抗生素减为每晚1次,维持治疗3个月;(4)观察期:停用抗生素,观察半年.上述各分期如尿常规检查有反复,则转为前一期治疗.结果 78例患者中,治愈69例(88.5%),有效7例(8.9%),无效2例(2.6%).老年组分别为28例、1例、1例;非老年组分别为41例、6例、1例,两组治愈率差异无统计学意义(F=0.469,).老年组与非老年组比较,治愈总疗程[(54.8±16.2)周对(44.5±13.7)周,t=2.8467,P＜0.01]、治疗期[(34.3±15.2)周对(26.2±14.8)局,t=2.2081,P＜0.05]、巩固期[(5.7±2.6)周对(4.1±0.2)周,t=3.9369,P＜0.01]均延长;但两组维持期[(14.8±4.6)周对(14.2±3.1)周]比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.6480,P＞0.05).治疗前后两组血常规、肝肾功能均无明显变化.结论 对老年复发性尿路感染患者采用药物轮换、分期、长疗程治疗,治愈率高;但老年组所需治疗时间比非老年组长.未见影响血常规、肝肾功能等不良反应.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of the drugs alternation multiple stages and long term therapy in elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection.Methods The patients were divided into elderly group (age≥65 years,n=30) and non-elderly group (n=48).The multiple effective antibiotics were selected for alternate use.The treatment included four periods as follows:(1)Treatment period:the regular dose of antibiotic was maintained until the urine routine test result became normal;(2)Consolidation period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced;(3)Maintenance period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced to once every night and the treatment should be kept for three months;(4)Observation period:the patients were observed for six months after withdrawal of antibiotics.During the treatment,if the urine routine test became abnormal repeatedly,the patient should return to the previous treatment period.During the treatment and consolidation period,each medication should be applied for one week alternatively.Results Among 78 patients,69 cases (88.5%) were cured,7 cases (8.9%) were effective,and two cases (2.56%) were invalid.There were 28 cured cases,1 effective case and 1 invalid case in elderly group.The corresponding data were 41,6 and 1 in non-elderly group,respectively.There was no difference in cure rate between the two groups (F= 0.469).Compared with non-elderly group,the overall treatment time [(54.8± 16.2)weeks vs.(44.5± 13.7) weeks,t= 2.8467,P＜0.01],treatment period [( 34.3± 15.2) weeks vs.(26.2±14.8) weeks,t=2.2081,P＜0.05] and consolidation period [(5.7±2.6) weeks vs.(4.1±0.2) weeks,t=3.9369,P＜0.01] were all prolonged in elderly group.But there was no difference in maintenance period [(14.8±4.6) weeks vs.(14.2±3.1) weeks,t=0.6480,P＞0.05].There were no markedly changes in blood routine,liver and kidney function during the course of treatment.Conclusions For the elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection,the drugs alternation,multiple stages and long-term treatment has a high cure rate and no adverse effect on blood routine,liver and renal function.     

血液透析备用机使用管理的探讨

目的：加强血液透析备用机的管理，降低血液透析备用机的使用风险。方法：通过对血液透析备用机性能进行检测评估，及对血液透析机预防性维护保养进行分析评估。结果：对血液透析备用机的检测评估降低了血液透析备用机的故障率，避免了临床治疗的安全隐患。结论：对血液透析备用机检测评估和质量控制可有效提高其使用的安全性。     

老年人复发性尿路感染长疗程治疗疗效观察

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of the drugs alternation multiple stages and long term therapy in elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection.Methods The patients were divided into elderly group (age≥65 years,n=30) and non-elderly group (n=48).The multiple effective antibiotics were selected for alternate use.The treatment included four periods as follows:(1)Treatment period:the regular dose of antibiotic was maintained until the urine routine test result became normal;(2)Consolidation period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced;(3)Maintenance period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced to once every night and the treatment should be kept for three months;(4)Observation period:the patients were observed for six months after withdrawal of antibiotics.During the treatment,if the urine routine test became abnormal repeatedly,the patient should return to the previous treatment period.During the treatment and consolidation period,each medication should be applied for one week alternatively.Results Among 78 patients,69 cases (88.5%) were cured,7 cases (8.9%) were effective,and two cases (2.56%) were invalid.There were 28 cured cases,1 effective case and 1 invalid case in elderly group.The corresponding data were 41,6 and 1 in non-elderly group,respectively.There was no difference in cure rate between the two groups (F= 0.469).Compared with non-elderly group,the overall treatment time [(54.8± 16.2)weeks vs.(44.5± 13.7) weeks,t= 2.8467,P＜0.01],treatment period [( 34.3± 15.2) weeks vs.(26.2±14.8) weeks,t=2.2081,P＜0.05] and consolidation period [(5.7±2.6) weeks vs.(4.1±0.2) weeks,t=3.9369,P＜0.01] were all prolonged in elderly group.But there was no difference in maintenance period [(14.8±4.6) weeks vs.(14.2±3.1) weeks,t=0.6480,P＞0.05].There were no markedly changes in blood routine,liver and kidney function during the course of treatment.Conclusions For the elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection,the drugs alternation,multiple stages and long-term treatment has a high cure rate and no adverse effect on blood routine,liver and renal function.     

比阿培南治疗细菌性肺炎和尿路感染的多中心随机对照临床试验

目的评价比阿培南治疗细菌性肺炎和尿路感染的疗效和安全性。方法本研究为多中心、开放、随机对照试验,细菌性肺炎和尿路感染患者分别按中心分层随机接受比阿培南或美罗培南治疗。结果①比阿培南组和美罗培南组有效率分别为87.0%(107/123)和90.1%(109/121),其中两组细菌性肺炎有效率分别为90.0%(63/70)和91.9%(57/62),尿路感染有效率分别为83.0%(44/53)和88.1%(52/59);②两组细菌清除率分别为96.3%(77/80)和98.8%(79/80),其中肺炎细菌清除率分别为100%(42/42)和100%(39/39),尿路感染细菌清除率分别为92.1%(35/38)和97.6%(40/41);③两组不良反应发生率分别为4.7%(6/129)和3.1%(4/128),药物相关实验室异常发生率分别为17.1%(22/129)和19.5%(25/128),分别有2例(1.6%)和4例(3.1%)因不良反应终止治疗。经统计学分析两组的有效率、细菌清除率和不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论比阿培南治疗细菌性肺炎和尿路感染疗效确切,患者耐受性良好,其临床和细菌学疗效以及不良反应发生率均与对照药美罗培南相仿。     

非奈利酮治疗糖尿病肾病研究进展

盐皮质激素受体(mineralocorticoid receptor,MR)的过度激活会导致慢性肾脏疾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)进展。新型MR拮抗剂——非奈利酮(finerenone)具有非甾体结构,能够以独特的机制与MR结合,抑制参与基因表达的转录辅因子的募集,可有效延缓糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)进展。现综述非奈利酮治疗DN的作用机制、循证证据、不良反应、与钠-葡萄糖耦联转运体-2抑制剂的联合应用及未来前景等,旨在为DN临床治疗提供新的策略。     

优化营养指导模式对改善中晚期慢性肾脏病患者营养状况的作用

目的:探讨以慢性肾脏病(CKD)一体化门诊为平台的优化营养指导模式对提高非透析患者低蛋白饮食依从性并改善其营养状况的作用。方法:将196例CKD 3B~4期非透析CKD患者随机分为优化模式组和传统模式组。两组均给予饮食蛋白质0.6g/(kg·d)和30~35kcal/(kg·d)的营养处方,接受两种不同模式的营养管理。随访12个月,每3个月通过MDRD公式估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR);运用人体测量、生化营养指标和主观综合营养评估法(SGA)评估营养状况。结果:两组患者eGFR的变化差异无统计学意义。与传统模式组相比,优化模式组低蛋白饮食依从性更高,每日饮食蛋白质摄入量较低,饮食热量较高,血清白蛋白水平较高,体质量增加,血尿素氮和甲状旁腺激素下降,SGA评估的营养状况改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:优化营养指导模式有助于提高中晚期非透析CKD患者对低蛋白饮食的依从性,改善其营养状况,且安全性良好。     

老年人复发性尿路感染长疗程治疗疗效观察

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of the drugs alternation multiple stages and long term therapy in elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection.Methods The patients were divided into elderly group (age≥65 years,n=30) and non-elderly group (n=48).The multiple effective antibiotics were selected for alternate use.The treatment included four periods as follows:(1)Treatment period:the regular dose of antibiotic was maintained until the urine routine test result became normal;(2)Consolidation period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced;(3)Maintenance period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced to once every night and the treatment should be kept for three months;(4)Observation period:the patients were observed for six months after withdrawal of antibiotics.During the treatment,if the urine routine test became abnormal repeatedly,the patient should return to the previous treatment period.During the treatment and consolidation period,each medication should be applied for one week alternatively.Results Among 78 patients,69 cases (88.5%) were cured,7 cases (8.9%) were effective,and two cases (2.56%) were invalid.There were 28 cured cases,1 effective case and 1 invalid case in elderly group.The corresponding data were 41,6 and 1 in non-elderly group,respectively.There was no difference in cure rate between the two groups (F= 0.469).Compared with non-elderly group,the overall treatment time [(54.8± 16.2)weeks vs.(44.5± 13.7) weeks,t= 2.8467,P＜0.01],treatment period [( 34.3± 15.2) weeks vs.(26.2±14.8) weeks,t=2.2081,P＜0.05] and consolidation period [(5.7±2.6) weeks vs.(4.1±0.2) weeks,t=3.9369,P＜0.01] were all prolonged in elderly group.But there was no difference in maintenance period [(14.8±4.6) weeks vs.(14.2±3.1) weeks,t=0.6480,P＞0.05].There were no markedly changes in blood routine,liver and kidney function during the course of treatment.Conclusions For the elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection,the drugs alternation,multiple stages and long-term treatment has a high cure rate and no adverse effect on blood routine,liver and renal function.     

规则抗菌疗法治疗复发性尿路感染疗效观察

复发性尿路感染反复发作,不容易控制和彻底治愈,长期应用抗生素又会产生不良反应和耐药性.为了更好地控制复发性尿路感染,我们设计了一种规则的分期抗菌疗法,前瞻性地观察其疗效来评判其实用性. 一、对象与方法 1.对象:2006年5月-2008年12月的门诊慢性尿路感染患者,符合复发性尿路感染的诊断标准[1](病史2年以上,每年发作多于3次),且前期抗生素、中成药等治疗未能控制反复发作,近期感染治疗2周以上未治愈,除外严重心、肝疾病,严重感染和妇科感染疾病者,共入组68例.     

慢性肾脏病3期糖尿病肾病与非糖尿病肾病患者贫血特点及影响因素分析

目的：评估慢性肾脏病3期（CKD3）糖尿病肾病（ON）与非糖尿病肾病患者之间贫血特点的差异及影响因素。方法：选取2012年2月～2013年5月在上海市第六人民医院肾内科住院的CKD3患者,其中糖尿病肾病42例。非糖尿病肾病患者49例,检测患者红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（mb）、促红细胞生长素（EPO）、铁蛋白、总铁结合力、血清铁、叶酸、维生素B12、肌酐、尿素氮、钙、磷、甲状旁腺素、25羟维生素D3等指标进行对比分析。结果：42例CKD3期糖尿病肾病患者总的贫血发生率为67％,49例非糖肾组患者总的贫血发生率为39％。糖尿病肾病组红细胞计数、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血清铁均明显低于非糖肾组,组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,DN组促红细胞生长素水平高于非DN组（P〈0.05）。结论：CKD3糖尿病肾病患者的贫血程度较非糖肾组严重,其贫血的发生与低蛋白血症、糖尿病肾外因素及铁代谢异常密切相关。     

糖尿病肾脏疾病的治疗进展

糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)是慢性肾脏病(CKD)的主要原因，疾病负担较重，并显著增加肾衰竭和心血管事件的风险，亟需早诊断、早治疗，以延缓疾病进展。但现有的治疗方法仍存在疾病进展风险，因此，迫切需要探寻减缓DKD进展的新疗法。本文根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)2021指南建议对DKD管理的最新进展进行综述，同时汇总最近证据，探讨新治疗举措的应用前景，总结正在进行的以DKD为重点的临床试验数据，基于生物标志物靶向治疗的决策，预测未来可能应用于临床的新疗法。