非小细胞肺癌组织中表皮生长因子受体基因突变与ERCC1和RRM1mRNA表达的关系

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中人表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变与切除修复交叉互补蛋白1（ERCC1）和核苷酸还原酶亚单位M1（RRM1）mRNA表达的关系。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测257例NSCLC组织中EGFR基因突变、ERCC1和RRM1mRNA的表达。结果NSCLC组织中EGFR基因突变率占49．03％（126／257）,在女性和不吸烟患者中较高（P〈0．05）;ERCC1mRNA高表达占47．47％（122／257）,RRM1mRNA高表达占61．87％（159／257）。与未检测到EGFR基因突变的NSCLC患者比较,EGFR基因突变中ERCC1mRNA低表达者多见（P〈0．05）;NSCLC组织中,EGFR基因突变与RRM1mRNA表达水平无关（P〉0．05）;ERCC1mRNA表达水平与RRM1mRNA表达水平无关（P〈0．05）。结论NSCLC组织中EGFR基因突变患者ERCC1倾向低表达,可能受益于以铂类药物为基础的化疗。     

二甲双胍联合利拉鲁肽对棕榈酸诱导的内皮细胞氧化损伤具有协同保护作用

目的 探讨二甲双胍和利拉鲁肽在改善棕榈酸诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞氧化损伤方面是否具有协同保护效应.方法 分离培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,应用不同浓度棕榈酸处理诱导细胞氧化损伤,观察不同浓度二甲双胍和（或）利拉鲁肽对细胞氧化损伤的影响.流式细胞仪检测细胞内的活性氧簇（ROS）水平,硝酸还原酶法检测上清一氧化氮（NO）的水平,组间比较采用单因素方差分析和Q检验.结果 与对照组相比,0.25和0.50 mmoL/L棕榈酸细胞内ROS水平显著升高[（125±17）％、（189±8）％比100％,P＜0.05],上清NO水平降低[（89.9±6.2）％、（79.8±4.8）％比100.0％,P＜0.05];二甲双胍（0.5 ～ 1.0 mmol/L）和利拉鲁肽（10 ～ 100 nmol/L）单独应用后,可使0.50 mmol/L棕榈酸所致的ROS产生增加和NO产生减低作用下降;低剂量的二甲双胍（0.1 mmol/L）或利拉鲁肽（3 nmoL/L）单独应用对0.5 mmol/L棕榈酸的作用均无明显的影响,但两者联合则可减低上述作用：两者联合组与棕榈酸组相比,ROS水平降低[（158±31）％比（250±27）％,P＜0.05],NO水平增加[（91.7±30.6）％比（82.3±5.0）％,P＜0.05].结论 二甲双胍和利拉鲁肽在改善棕榈酸诱导的内皮细胞氧化损伤方面具有协同效应.     

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Recent advances in China

Orthotopic liver transplantation is currently the best treatment option for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). From 1980 to 2011, 8874 patients with HCC in China underwent liver transplantation. The organ donation classification criteria of China (China criteria), which are established by the Government of China, are divided into three parts: China criteria I, donation after brain death; China criteria II, donation after cardiac death and China criteria III, donation after dual brain‐cardiac death. Data from the China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) System shows that patients within the Milan criteria have higher survival rates than those who are beyond these criteria. Based on CLTR data, altogether 416 patients received living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in China. Their 1‐year and 3‐year survival rates were significantly higher than those of the non‐LDLT recipients. The most common early stage (<30 days after liver transplantation) complications include pleural effusion, diabetes, peritoneal effusion or abscess, postoperative infection, hypertension and intraperitoneal hemorrhage; while the most common late stage (≥30 days after liver transplantation) complications were diabetes, hypertension, biliary complications, postoperative infection, tacrolimus toxicity and chronic graft rejection. The incidence of vascular complication, which is the main reason for acute graft failure and re‐transplantation, was 2.4%. Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with HCC in China.     

不同麻醉方法对电子支气管镜检查效果分析

目的探讨3种不同麻醉方法应用于电子支气管镜检查的临床效果。方法在我科2013年1月至6月接受普通电子支气管镜检查的l128例患者中随机抽取300例患者为研究对象,根据麻醉方式的不同分为3组（A组为利多卡因咽喉喷雾法＋氧气雾化吸人法,B组为利多卡因咽喉喷雾法＋利多卡因气管内吸人法,C组为丁卡因咽喉喷雾法＋利多卡因气管内吸人法）,每组100例。观察记录患者一般资料、麻醉效果、检查前及检查进行i0min时患者生命体征的变化、检查过程中的不良反应、咳嗽反射、患者及操作医师的满意度等。结果C组检查前与检查进行i0min时生命体征波动最小,与A组和B组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。检查过程中C组不良反应的咳嗽的发生率明显低于A组和B组,患者及医师操作满意度评分明显高于A组和B组（P〈O．05）。A组麻醉优良率为53％,B组优良率为73％,C组优良率为96％,C组与A、B组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论3种麻醉方法以丁卡因咽喉喷雾法＋利多卡因气管内吸人方法最优,患者舒适度和安全性最佳,不良反应最少,患者满意度最高,该方法值得临床推广应用。     

西安地区人群肺功能问卷调查

目的探讨西安地区部分人群肺功能的特点,生活习惯和环境等因素与肺功能的关系。方法2012年7—8月对西安地区东郊和北郊共405人进行问卷调查和肺功能检测,并用多元逐步回归分析不同因素对肺功能指标的影响。结果西安地区东郊和北郊人群FVC,PEF和FEF25—75均低于正常预计值,东郊和北郊人群之间肺功能主要指标差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;肺功能主要指标与年龄增长、性别和肺部疾病呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论西安地区部分人群肺功能主要指标偏低,为今后该地区呼吸系统疾病防治提供依据。     

A general principle governs vision‐dependent dendritic patterning of retinal ganglion cells

Dendritic arbors of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) collect information over a certain area of the visual scene. The coverage territory and the arbor density of dendrites determine what fraction of the visual field is sampled by a single cell and at what resolution. However, it is not clear whether visual stimulation is required for the establishment of branching patterns of RGCs, and whether a general principle directs the dendritic patterning of diverse RGCs. By analyzing the geometric structures of RGC dendrites, we found that dendritic arbors of RGCs underwent a substantial spatial rearrangement after eye‐opening. Light deprivation blocked both the dendritic growth and the branch patterning, suggesting that visual stimulation is required for the acquisition of specific branching patterns of RGCs. We further showed that vision‐dependent dendritic growth and arbor refinement occurred mainly in the middle portion of the dendritic tree. This nonproportional growth and selective refinement suggest that the late‐stage dendritic development of RGCs is not a passive stretching with the growth of eyes, but rather an active process of selective growth/elimination of dendritic arbors of RGCs driven by visual activity. Finally, our data showed that there was a power law relationship between the coverage territory and dendritic arbor density of RGCs on a cell‐by‐cell basis. RGCs were systematically less dense when they cover larger territories regardless of their cell type, retinal location, or developmental stage. These results suggest that a general structural design principle directs the vision‐dependent patterning of RGC dendrites. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3403–3422, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.