钙通道阻滞剂在肾脏病中的应用

钙通道阻滞剂(CCBs)除了对冠心病和高血压病具有治疗作用外,近来对肾脏病的疗效也越来越引起广泛注意。动物实验已证实CCBs 对肾内血流动力学有明显影响。它阻滞特异性钙通道,干扰血管平滑肌细胞的兴奋收缩藕联,而影响肾血管收缩的基     

合理应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和血管紧张素AT1受体拮抗剂治疗糖尿病肾病

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)能阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)生成，血管紧张素AT，受体拮抗剂(ARB)能阻断AⅡ与ATl受体结合，故均能抑制AⅡ的致病作用。这两类药除能有效降低系统高血压外，还能减少尿蛋白排泄及延缓肾损害进展，发挥肾脏保护作用，因此，这两类药在糖尿病肾病治疗中应     

要提高泌尿系感染疾病的诊断及治疗水平

泌尿系感染是常见病,妇女发病率尤其高.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

急性肾小管坏死多尿期的处理原则

急性肾小管坏死多尿期的处理原则谌贻璞北京医科大学肾脏病研究所（１０００３）急性肾小管坏死于临床可分“少尿型”（多由肾缺血引起）及“非少尿型”（多由毒素损害肾造成）两型。无论哪型，在其病变恢复过程中都可出现多尿期。“少尿型”者当每日尿量多于４００ｍｌ时...     

乙型肝炎病毒相关肾炎

1971年Combes等首先描述了第一例病人。该患者具有持续HBsAg抗原血症,其后发生了膜性肾病并在肾活检切片上发现了HBsAg。作者认为HB- sAg可能通过形成免疫复合物而参与了肾炎发病, 从此引起了对本病的重视。     

甲醛固定石蜡包埋肾组织做免疫荧光染色在病理诊断中的应用

目的探讨甲醛同定、石蜡包埋的肾穿刺组织做免疫荧光染色的可行性。方法选择10例膜性肾病、25例IgA肾病及10例狼疮肾炎患者的肾穿刺组织。对石蜡切片进行脱腊、修复抗原及直接免疫荧光染色，并将染色结果与冰冻切片染色结果进行比较。结果在本实验条件下，二甲苯浸泡30min、胃蛋白酶消化10min为最适脱蜡及抗原修复条件，抗体稀释至特异荧光强度足够及非特异荧光背底最弱为当。应用上述条件对石蜡切片进行直接免疫荧光染色，其结果与冰冻切片染色的诊断符合率达100％，而石蜡切片具有组织结构保存好、免疫沉积物清晰、易于判断结果及免疫荧光淬灭时间长等优点。结论石蜡切片免疫荧光染色可作为冰冻切片免疫荧光染色的补充手段，它无需低温保存即能转运肾组织至肾脏病理诊断设备及水平较好的医院做免疫荧光检查，于国内推广具有现实意义。     

慢性肾脏病蛋白营养治疗共识

近年来全球终末期肾病(ESRD)患病率在持续增长。这与人口老龄化、能够引起肾损害的疾病的发病率增加(特别是糖尿病)以及透析治疗的普及有关。治疗ESRD患者的费用也在增长，这对于全球特别是中国这样一个发展中的国家无疑是面对的一个巨大的经济问题。治疗费用的大幅攀升迫使我们需要更好的方法来预防和治疗慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)。