脑部创伤急诊手术术中矢状窦出血的护理体会

目的 总结脑部创伤急诊手术术中矢状窦出血的护理经验.方法 对我院2002年1月-2008年12月脑部创伤急诊开颅手术术中出现矢状窦出血的7例患者进行回顾性分析.结果 通过充分的术前准备.迅速有效止血,快速多通道加压输血(包括自体输血),本组7例术中无1例死亡.结论 提高术中矢状窦出血的抢救成功率,除了手术医生采取迅速有效的止血措施外,术前准确评估,有序的、熟练的护理配合具有至关重要的作用.     

低分子量肝素前体脂质体的制备及其研究

前体脂质体（Proliposome,PL）是指脂质体的组份和赋形剂的脱水形式,它加水后能重建成脂质体,解决了脂质体以溶液形式储存的稳定性问题。肝素作为抗凝药物在临床上具有重要的价值,但注射给药方式给应用带来了不便。低分子量肝素（LMWH）口服剂型的开发是人们研究的热点,有文献报道其脂质体能促进胃肠道吸收[1],但没有解决肝素脂质体溶液形式长期储存的问题。本文通过对LMWH—PL制备及其重建后各性状的研究,证明了冷冻干燥法制备LMWH－PL的可行性,为LMWH口服剂型的开发开辟了新途径。1实验材料1．1仪器超声波细胞粉碎机JY9…     

人胚胎生长发育过程中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白在食管组织中的表达

目的探讨人胚胎食管发育过程中食管壁细胞增殖与凋亡的变化规律,以及B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)和Bcl相关X蛋白(Bax)在食管生长发育中的表达意义。方法应用免疫组织化学ABC法检测第2、3、4月龄段人胚胎(共14例)食管壁组织内Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达。结果第2、3、4月龄段,人胚胎食管壁肌间神经丛、黏膜下神经丛和黏膜层内均有Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达,在食管上皮Bax蛋白呈弱阳性表达。结论Bcl-2和Bax细胞周期调控蛋白与人胚胎食管的生长发育关系密切。     

固体分散技术在缓控释制剂中的应用

固体分散技术是将药物以微粒、微晶或分子状态等形式均匀分散在固体载体中的一项新型制剂技术.自1961年Sekiguch首次报道了固体分散体(solid dispersion,SD)以来,药学工作者利用固体分散技术在增加难溶性药物溶出速度和体内生物利用度方面做了大量的基础研究工作.     

治疗糖尿病药物——那格列奈的研究进展

糖尿病可分为胰岛素依赖型(1型,即IDDM)和非胰岛素依赖型(2型,即NIDDM),其中NIDDM患者占总病例的80%以上,其特征为胰岛素分泌减少、胰岛素抵抗及肝脏葡萄糖生成增多,这些病人空腹胰岛素水平可能正常或偏高,进餐时胰岛素早期释放减少(第一时相),加重了高胰岛素血症的危险.     

西酞普兰对慢性应激大鼠海马CA1和CA3区神经细胞B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2及Bcl相关蛋白表达与凋亡的影响

Objective To explore effects of citalopram on preventing neuron apoptosis in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus in chronic stress rats.Methods Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with eight each group.Stressed rat models were made by forced swimming daily for 4 weeks,and the stressed group wag treated with intragagtric administration of 0.9% sodium chloride,and three experimental groups with different dosage of citalopram.The fifth group was given no treatment as control.The proteins of bcl-2 and bax were detected with immunohistochemistry.Apoptosis cell number and integral optical density in CA1 and CA3 regions were tested and analyzed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferage biotin-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)method and Nikon imaging software-BR(NIS-BR).Results The stationary time Wag longer in the stress group[(279±53)s]than the control group[(182 ±35)s],and the three citalopram treatment group[(200±71)s,(159±59)s,(165±54)s].The number of struggling[(20 ±3)times]was less than control group[(24 ±3)times]and the treatment groups[(37 ±16),(32 ±10),(24 ±4)times],and exhaustive time[(38.3 ±5.1)min]longer than control group[(22.9±1.8)min],shorter than treatment groups[(54.4 ±2.9)min,(69.3±17.6)min,(46.4±4.0)min].AlJ tIle differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or 0.01).Rats in the stress group showed more apoptotic cells,reduced expression of bcl-2 and increased bax protein expression in CA1 and CA3 regions(P＜0.05 or 0.01)in comparison with control group.Compared to the stressed group,rats in treatment groups showed Iess apoptotic cells,reduced expression of bax and increased bcl-2 protein expression in CA1 and CA3 regions(P＜0.05).Conclusion Long-term stress might cause neuron apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 and bax in CA1 and CA3 region of hippocampus,and citalopram might have prophylactic effects on this process.     

手术室整体护理对妇科手术患者围手术期应激反应的影响

目的:观察手术室整体护理对妇科手术患者围手术期应激反应的影响。方法:妇科手术患者100例,根据护理方式的不同,随机分为整体护理组和传统护理组,每组50例。整体护理组给予系统化整体护理方式,对照组给予传统护理方式。观察两组患者围手术期的心理反应、血压及心率的变化。结果:与传统护理组比较,整体护理组出现焦虑、恐惧等3~4级的患者显著减少(P<0.05)。与术前1 d比较,传统护理组入室后5 min的血压及心率显著升高(P<0.01);而整体护理组除心率加快外(P<0.01),血压变化并不显著(P>0.05)。结论:整体护理对妇科手术患者焦虑的减轻有积极作用,对手术患者围手术期血压及心率具有稳定作用,有利于患者早日康复。     

药理学实验教学体系改革的体会

通过改革实验内容设计、实验学时设置、实验室管理模式及实验教学考核模式四方面系统,阐述了药理学实验教学改革有利于培养学生的创新性思维和动手能力,积极促进学生综合素质的全面发展。     

Cx43和Pax3在人胚胎早期小肠肌层中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨Cx43和Pax3蛋白在人胚胎早期小肠肌层组织中的表达规律.方法 应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测第2、3、4三个月龄段,Cx43和Pax3蛋白在人胚胎小肠肌层组织中的表达.结果 第2月胚龄时,Cx43和Pax3在小肠肌层组织中均呈阴性表达.第3个月胎龄段,Cx43和Pax3在小肠内环肌层细胞呈阴性表达,外纵肌层部分细胞呈阳性表达.肌间神经丛部分细胞呈阳性表达.第4个月胎龄段,Cx43和Pax3在小肠内环肌、外纵肌层和肌间神经丛均有细胞呈阳性表达.结论 Cx43和Pax3蛋白与人胚胎早期小肠肌层组织细胞的生长发育关系密切.     

西酞普兰对慢性应激大鼠海马CA1和CA3区神经细胞B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2及Bcl相关蛋白表达与凋亡的影响

Objective To explore effects of citalopram on preventing neuron apoptosis in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus in chronic stress rats.Methods Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with eight each group.Stressed rat models were made by forced swimming daily for 4 weeks,and the stressed group wag treated with intragagtric administration of 0.9% sodium chloride,and three experimental groups with different dosage of citalopram.The fifth group was given no treatment as control.The proteins of bcl-2 and bax were detected with immunohistochemistry.Apoptosis cell number and integral optical density in CA1 and CA3 regions were tested and analyzed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferage biotin-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)method and Nikon imaging software-BR(NIS-BR).Results The stationary time Wag longer in the stress group[(279±53)s]than the control group[(182 ±35)s],and the three citalopram treatment group[(200±71)s,(159±59)s,(165±54)s].The number of struggling[(20 ±3)times]was less than control group[(24 ±3)times]and the treatment groups[(37 ±16),(32 ±10),(24 ±4)times],and exhaustive time[(38.3 ±5.1)min]longer than control group[(22.9±1.8)min],shorter than treatment groups[(54.4 ±2.9)min,(69.3±17.6)min,(46.4±4.0)min].AlJ tIle differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or 0.01).Rats in the stress group showed more apoptotic cells,reduced expression of bcl-2 and increased bax protein expression in CA1 and CA3 regions(P＜0.05 or 0.01)in comparison with control group.Compared to the stressed group,rats in treatment groups showed Iess apoptotic cells,reduced expression of bax and increased bcl-2 protein expression in CA1 and CA3 regions(P＜0.05).Conclusion Long-term stress might cause neuron apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 and bax in CA1 and CA3 region of hippocampus,and citalopram might have prophylactic effects on this process.