Use of the Cytobrush for concurrent cytology and chlamydia sampling: a comparison of immunofluorescence and culture for detection of chlamydia

Five hundred and thirty-three women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic underwent concurrent cytology and Chlamydia trachomatis screening using a Cytobrush (Medscand AB). In each case, the same Cytobrush was used to give a sample for direct immunofluorescence and culture. 11.1% of samples were positive by immunofluorescence, while 10.6% were positive by culture. This was a close agreement (Kappa = 0.875). The ability of the same instrument to be used for both cytology and chlamydial screening, where direct immunofluorescence is used for detection of chlamydiae, may allow more widespread screening for chlamydia to be practical.     

氟中毒和氟砷中毒对胃粘膜的影响

作者通过内窥镜对新疆奎屯地区氟中毒患者３５名，氟砷中毒患者３２名，对照组２５名的胃粘膜进行观察，旨在了解氟元素和砷元素对胃粘膜的影响，在３个组中慢性胃炎的炎症程度与炎症活动性有显著性差异。２个中毒组间无显著性差异。结果表明在高氟区和高氟砷区患者的胃粘膜层病理改变主要是任性氟中毒引起，单纯性砷中毒并无协同作用。     

胃癌单克隆抗体-丝裂霉素C结合物的制备及其细胞毒特征

作者报道胃癌单克隆抗体MG11-丝裂霉素C(MMC)结合物的制备及其对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。首先用戊二酐处理MMC,于MMC上引入羧基,MMC衍生物与N羟基琥珀酰亚胺及2,2′-二环已基碳二亚胺反应,得到MMC活性酯,后者与抗体反应将MMC引入抗体中。经测定,每克分子抗体中引入约6～7克分子药物,结合物对人胃癌细胞KATⅢ具有较强的选择性杀伤作用,在0.56μg/ml水平(药物浓度)对肿瘤细胞杀伤牢达60％,优于游离药物(51％)及无关抗体结合物(9.3％),提示选用的胃癌单抗对MMC具有较好的导向作用。     

Penicillin treatment for gonorrhoea in relation to early syphilis in prostitutes.

A retrospective study of prostitutes in Singapore showed that they had received less antigonorrhoeal treatment with penicillin derivatives during the three month period before early syphilis was diagnosed than in other three month periods when they had not developed syphilis. This suggests that penicillin derivatives in doses sufficient to treat gonorrhoea will abort coincidental early syphilis.     

Meatoscopy: a simple technique to examine the distal anterior urethra in men.

A common problem is to determine the site of the base of meatal warts in men and if the lesions will be suitable for the treatments available in genitourinary medicine (GUM) or sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinics. Formal endoscopy requires sterile conditions and is therefore an expensive procedure. A simple safe cheap alternative is meatoscopy using an auroscope with inflation. This allows inspection of the anterior urethra to a depth of 5 or 6 cm. With this technique 175 examinations were performed on 153 patients. Warts were confined to the lips in 27 (56%) of 48 patients with meatal warts; in an additional 5 patients with meatal warts the warts arose from deep in the fossa navicularis and in 16 patients with meatal warts there were additional warts in the fossa navicularis invisible on clinical examination. No urethral warts were seen in 103 patients without meatal warts, comprising 47 patients with external genital warts and 56 without any warts. It is concluded that meatoscopy should be undertaken in all patients with meatal warts to determine the site of their base and to assess if there are any more proximal warts. This should be done as soon as the meatal warts are seen, and urethritis has been excluded, so that appropriate treatment can be planned.     

Repeated measurement of the gas exchange threshold: relative size of measurement and biological variabilities

If an individual's gas exchange threshold (GET) is measured on several separate occasions, without a change in aerobic fitness, a random variability will be observed. However, it is not known how much of this variability is biologically determined and how much results from variability in the calibration and measurement processes. The statistical re-sampling technique of Bootstrapping was used to estimate the variability of the GET on a single occasion. This analysis provides the first estimate of the combined contribution of breath-by-breath measurement and calibration processes (6%), to the total between-occasion random variability, leaving biological variability to account for the remainder of the imprecision in the measurement of the GET.     

Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora in genital disease

Samples from the posterior vaginal fornix of 102 women with various clinical conditions were analysed by a quantitative method. Aerobes were isolated from all but one of the specimens at a mean concentration of 7.2 log10 cfu/g and anaerobes from 92 specimens at a mean concentration of 8.1 log10 cfu/g. In most clinical conditions and in a control group of asymptomatic women, anaerobes outnumbered aerobes by about ten to one (one log10 unit). The most common organisms were aerobic and anaerobic lactobacilli, coryneforms, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacteroides spp. and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Lactobacilli did not appear to confer any protective effect by excluding the presence of other organisms such as Gardnerella vaginalis or anaerobes. The isolation of anaerobic organisms from the vagina cannot be regarded as being of pathogenic significance without other supporting evidence.     

糖痹康颗粒调控AMPK/NF-κB通路改善糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经炎症反应

目的 探讨糖痹康颗粒通过调控腺苷活化蛋白激酶/核转录因子-κB（AMPK/NF-κB）通路对糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经炎症的影响。方法 SD大鼠高脂高糖饲料诱导连续8周后按单次35 mg·kg^-1链脲佐菌素（STZ）腹腔注射造模。成模后按体质量、血糖随机将大鼠分为模型组和各给药组、糖痹康颗粒低、中、高剂量组（0.625、1.25、2.5 g·kg^-1）及硫辛酸组（0.026 8 g·kg^-1）,并设正常组。成模后持续给药干预12周。期间分别检测治疗前及治疗第4、8、12周大鼠的体质量、血糖水平及热痛阈;于给药第12周时取材坐骨神经进行苏木素-伊红（HE）、劳克坚牢蓝（LFB）染色,扫描电镜观察坐骨神经超微结构变化;酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测坐骨神经中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测大鼠坐骨神经组织中AMPK、磷酸化（p）-AMPK、NF-κB的蛋白表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠造模后各时间点血糖浓度、热痛阈均显著升高（P<0.01）;坐骨神经IL-1β、TNF-α水平及NF-κB蛋白表达显著升高（P<0.01）,p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白表达显著降低（P<0.01）。经糖痹康颗粒治疗后,与模型组比较,糖痹康颗粒各组热痛阈明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,坐骨神经IL-1β、TNF-α水平及NF-κB蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）;糖痹康颗粒高、中剂量组p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）。坐骨神经形态学观察显示,糖痹康颗粒治疗后大鼠坐骨神经排列整齐度、致密程度、脱髓鞘变化均优于模型组。结论 糖痹康颗粒可以改善糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经功能、减轻神经炎症损伤,其作用机制可能与上调AMPK/NF-κB通路中AMPK的表达,抑制下游NF-κB表达,从而减轻因NF-κB激活引起IL-1β、TNF-α等炎症因子升高造成的神经炎症反应相关。     

喉癌中抗凋亡基因bcl—2蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的　探讨细胞凋亡抑制基因ｂｃｌ－ ２ 蛋白产物在喉癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法　应用免疫组化ＳＡＢＣ方法检测４１ 例喉癌切除标本石蜡切片组织。结果　ｂｃｌ－ ２ 蛋白在喉癌组织中有过度表达,其阳性表达率为５１２ ％ （２４／４１） ;ｂｃｌ－ ２ 表达与喉癌病理组织学分级相关,肿瘤分化程度越高,ｂｃｌ－ ２ 阳性表过率越高（ Ｐ＜ ００５） ,早期（ Ⅰ、Ⅱ期） 喉癌中ｂｃｌ－ ２ 表达明显高于晚期（ Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）（ Ｐ＜００５） ;ｂｃｌ－ ２ 表达与肿瘤复发、转移无关Ｐ＞ ００５） ;而与预后明显相关,ｂｃｌ－ ２ 阳性组三年生存率明显高于阴性组Ｐ＜ ００５） 。结论　ｂｃｌ－ ２ 基因在喉癌中有异常表达,与喉癌的发生、发展相关,并可作为判断其预后的指标之一     

14例大疱性表皮坏死松解型药疹治疗体会

报告14例大疱性表皮坏死松解型药疹的治疗。以磺胺类药和解热镇痛药引起者居多,各4例。皮损面积按九分法计算,皮损面积80％以上者9例,80％以上者5例,治愈9例,死亡5例,我们认为早期使用足够剂量皮质激素类药物是有效措施。病程中注意防治感染,给予足够的液体以防止水电解质失平衡,局部治疗使用本院中药“五黄油”。