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目的探讨颈后路单开门结合Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效和安全性。方法自2010年5月至2012年5月,采用颈后路单开门结合Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者32例,男20例,女12例;年龄49~77岁,平均(60.4±7.6)岁。以日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)17分法评定神经功能,在侧位X线片上测量C2与C7椎体后壁切线夹角α确定颈椎曲度,以过伸过屈位α的差异来计算颈椎活动度,以颈肩疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估。结果手术均顺利完成,手术时间100~160 min,平均140 min;手术失血量250~800 mL,平均460 mL。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12~38个月,平均22个月。术前和术后1周JOA分别为(9.26±3.16)分、(12.95±2.35)分(P0.05),JOA改善率为(56.4±9.3)%;术后3个月和术后1年JOA分值分别为(13.30±2.46)分、(13.16±1.39)分,与术后1周(12.95±2.56)分相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);患者术前、术后3个月颈椎曲度分别为(18.1±3.8)°和(16.7±5.4)°,两者差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者术前、术后3个月颈椎活动度分别为(35.46±11.54)°和(30.65±8.95)°,两者差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术前、术后3个月平均颈肩部VAS评分分别为(3.8±1.8)分和(1.6±1.5)分,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈后路单开门结合Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病能够有效改善多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者神经功能,保存颈椎曲度及活动度,是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法。 相似文献
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目的 探讨儿童稳定性尺桡骨干双骨折的最佳治疗策略。方法 对2009年10月~2013年8月在我院确诊的尺桡骨干双骨折患儿,行手法复位后,对稳定性骨折,随机采用前臂夹板联合长臂石膏或单纯前臂夹板外固定,48例患者采用夹板联合石膏外固定,60例患者采用单纯夹板外固定。术后定期拍摄正侧位X光片,术后3、6个月测量肘、腕关节活动度,及6个月进行Grace-Eversmann前臂骨折疗效评价。结果 随访1年,所有患者都得到临床愈合,单纯夹板组在3个月时肘关节活动度明显优于夹板联合石膏组(P<0.05),6个月时两组肘关节活动度无显著差异,术后3、6个月时两组腕关节活动均无显著性差异;6个月时两组Grace-Eversmann前臂双骨折疗效评价优良率分别为95.8%(联合固定组)和95.0%( 单纯夹板组),两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 对稳定性尺桡骨干双骨折,单纯夹板固定可收到良好的治疗效果,无需额外加石膏联合固定。 相似文献
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颈椎椎板成形术于20世纪70年代作为椎板切除术的一种替代方式得以发展,用于防止椎板切除术后脊柱失稳和后凸畸形,现这一技术已被普遍用于治疗伴有发育性或退变性颈椎管狭窄的脊髓型颈椎病( cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)和后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL),特别是治疗涉及3个或更多节段的颈脊髓病.最近有学者还用它治疗颈椎前路融合术后邻近节段病变引起的颈脊髓病,并取得了良好疗效[1].本术式可通过增加椎管体积对脊髓进行直接减压,通过允许脊髓向背侧迁移离开椎间盘和椎体来完成间接减压. 相似文献
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目的 探讨枕颈或寰枢椎内固定融合技术治疗不稳性寰椎骨折的临床疗效和应用价值.方法 对2004年10月-2009年3月收治的不稳性寰椎骨折38例进行回顾性分析,其中6例寰椎爆裂性骨折合并寰枕关节不稳(5例行C0~C2固定融合术,其中1例同时合并有C7椎体压缩性骨折行C0~C3固定融合术),7例典型的Jefferson骨折,3例半环骨折,8例寰椎骨折合并Ⅱ型齿状突骨折,3例寰椎骨折合并Hangman骨折(其中2例Levine-Edwards Ⅲ型行C0~C3固定融合术,1例Ⅱ型行C1~C2固定融合术),3例寰椎骨折合并下颈椎损伤,6例寰椎横韧带断裂(Dickman Ⅰ型)伴寰枢关节不稳,2例寰椎粉碎性骨折合并寰椎侧块内侧骨性结构附着处横韧带撕裂(DickmanⅡ型).5例行C0~C2固定融合术,3例行C0~C3固定融合术,30例行C1~C2固定术并行自体髂骨植骨融合.结果 所有患者术后均获得随访,平均随访时间为28个月(12~46个月).临床症状均得到不同程度的改善.平均手术时间135 min(80~190 min),平均失血量460ml(200~3 300 ml),平均透视时间60 s.38例患者术中均未发生神经、椎动脉和其他手术相关并发症.全部患者均于术后3 d颈托固定后下地行走;术后脊髓损伤症状无加重.3例因电刀灼伤C1~C2间血管静脉丛导致出血,行止血纱布、脑棉片填塞止血,未出现颅脑缺血症状.复查X线片和CT未发现上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,寰枢椎或枕颈部均获骨性融合.在晚期随访中,4例(11%)有颈部疼痛和僵硬感,1例枕神经痛.结论 对具有不稳定性寰椎骨折或合并寰椎横韧带损伤的患者,采用枕颈或寰枢椎内固定融合技术及短期外固定对于重建上颈椎永久稳定性是较好的手术方式,并且能阻止神经和脊髓功能的进一步损伤.Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of the occiput-cervicle or C1-C2 internal fixation and bone graft fusion in treatment of the unstable atlas fracture.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 38 patients with unstable atlas fractures treated by the occiput-cervicle or C1-C2 internal fixation and bone graft fusion from October 2004 to March 2009.Six patients with comminuted atlas fracture combined with instability of the occipito-atlantoid articulations were treated with occiput-C2 fusion(five patients)and with occiput-C3 fusion(one patient).There were seven patients with typical Jefferson fractures,three with semiring fractures,eight with atlas fractures combined with Anderson type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures,three with atlas fractures combined with Hangman's fractures (two patients with Levine and Edwards type Ⅲ Hangman's fractures were treated with occiput-C3 fusion and one patient Levine and Edwards type Ⅱ Hangman's fracture was treated with C1-C2 fusion),three with atlas fracture combined with lower cervicle injury,six with rupture of transverse ligament combined with instability of atlanto-axial joint(Dickman transverse ligament type Ⅰ injury)and two with comminuted fracture of the lateral mass associated with bony avulsion of the medial tubercle and transverse ligament(Dickman transverse ligament type Ⅱ injury).Of all,five patients were treated with occiput-C2 fusion,three treated with occiput-C3 fusion and 30 treated with C1-C2 fusion.Results All the patients were followed up for a range of 12-46 months(average 28 months),which showed improvement of clinical symptoms in some extent postoperatively.The operation time ranged from 80 to 190 min ates(average 135 minates),with intraoperative blood loss for 200-3 300 ml(average 460 ml)and average fluoroscopic time for 60 seconds.There were no neurological deficits,vertebral artery related complications or other complications in all the patients during the surgical operation.No neurological deficit was aggravated after the patient's mobilization with brace three days after operation.The enous plexus of blood vessel at C1-C2 rupture induced by the use of electrocautery was found in three patients who showed no cerebral hemodynamic deficit after hemostasis with hemostatic sponge and cotton piece.The follow-up X-ray and CT manifested osseous fusion in all the patients,with no looseness or breakage of the screws.The late follow-up showed pain associated with movement and limited range of motion in four patients(11%)and occipital neuralgia in one.Conclusions An occiput-cervicle fixation fusion or a C1-C2 fixation fusion combined with short external fixation can reestablish the upper cervical stability and prevent further injury of the spinal cord and nerve function and hence is an ideal option for C1 burst fracture with or without rupture of the transverse ligament. 相似文献
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目的 探讨枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉通道的安全性和可行性,为经前路枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定提供理论依据.方法 对32具干燥枢椎标本行前路椎弓根螺钉置入,测量枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉的钉道长度.行加密薄层螺旋CT扫描和重建,然后在重建后的横断面和矢状面图像上运用软件测量枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉的外倾角度及尾倾角度.结果 枢椎椎弓根螺钉均位于椎弓根内.枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉的进钉点选择在枢椎椎体与上关节突之间凹陷的顶点,螺钉长度为(28.4±2.5)mm,外倾角度为(28.5±2.3)°,尾倾角度为(15.5±2.0)°.结论 枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉不仅具有可行性,而且可以避开横突孔、椎动脉沟、椎管等重要解剖结构,安全空间较大.Abstract: Objective To investigate feasibility and safety of anterior pedicle screw fixation tunnel in the axis so as to provide theoretic evidence for further clinical application.Methods Thirty-two dry axis specimens were used for anterior pedicle screw placement,and the length of pedicle crews tunnel was measured by a digital caliper.The extraversion angle and the downslope angle were determined by CT cross-sectional scanning and reconstruction.Results All the anterior pedicle screws were positioned well,with no perforation of the pedicle.The anchoring point was at the vertex between the vertebral body and the superior articular process,with axis pedicle length of(28.4 ± 2.5)mm,the extraversion angle of (28.5 ±2.3)°and the downslope angle of(15.5 ±2.0)°.Conclusions Anterior pedicle screw fixation tunnel is feasible in the axis and can keep away from some important anatomy structures including transverse foramen,vertebral artery groove and vertebral canal to provide large safety space. 相似文献
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Centerpiece钛板内固定在单开门颈椎管扩大成形术中的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的:探讨Centerpiece钛板内固定在单开门颈椎管扩大成形术的临床应用。方法:自2009年1月至2010年12月采用单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症患者25例,男16例,女9例;年龄44~75岁,平均(57.2±6.7)岁。其中多节段脊髓型颈椎病8例,颈椎后纵韧带骨化症12例,发育性颈椎管狭窄症5例。以JOA评分(17分法)及其改善率评价术后神经功能改善情况;术后复查颈椎X线、CT,在术前及术后6个月的颈椎侧位X线片上测量C5节段椎管矢状径,计算椎管扩大率,评价椎管扩大和维持情况及门轴侧骨融合情况。结果:手术时间为(165.5±35.6)min;术中出血量为(325.0±75.1)ml。随访时间6~18个月,平均(7.3±3.8)个月。术前JOA评分为9.3±1.1;术后6个月为14.7±2.1(t=4.12,P<0.05),JOA改善率为(64.5±10.2)%。术后随访X线片及CT示椎管扩大满意,门轴侧均骨性愈合,均未见椎板塌陷和再关门现象,术前C5节段椎管矢状径为(9.0±1.5)mm,术后6个月为(14.3±2.0)mm(t=7.61,P<0.05),椎管扩大率为(67.6±11.8)%。结论:Centerpiece钛板内固定应用在单开门颈椎管扩大成形术中是安全有效的,在抬起椎板获得即刻稳定的同时,可以恢复椎管的完整性。 相似文献
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目的 探讨自行设计的人工寰齿关节( AAOJ)在寰枢关节骨性标本上置换后寰枢椎部件固定螺钉通道的安全性和可行性.方法 在32具正常成年人尸体寰枢关节湿性标本上行人工寰齿关节置换术后,行寰枢椎薄层CT扫描及三维重建,测量与AAOJ内固定的相关指标,并观察寰枢椎部件固定螺钉通道与横突孔、椎动脉沟、椎管等重要解剖结构安全空间.结果 寰椎部件固定螺钉的长度(L)为(21.5±3.7) mm,寰椎部件固定螺钉外倾角(d)为(12.9±4.8)°,寰椎部件固定螺钉下倾角(δ)为(3.0±1.2)°.枢椎部件固定螺钉的长度(S)是(28.6±3.7) mm,枢椎部件固定螺钉的外倾角度(β)是(22.6±4.3)°,枢椎部件固定螺钉的下倾角度(θ)是(15.8±2.6)°.结论 固定人工寰齿关节寰枢椎部件的螺钉通道与横突孔、椎动脉沟、椎管等重受解剖结构之间有安全空间范围. 相似文献