参附注射液对肠缺血-再灌注大鼠肿瘤坏死因子α的影响

目的观察肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)在大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤过程中的作用及参附注射液对TNF-α的影响,探讨参附注射液防治肠缺血-再灌注损伤机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为肠缺血-再灌注组(IR组)、参附注射液预处理组(SF组)和假手术组(C组)。采用阻断肠系膜上动脉(SMA)的方法制造肠缺血-再灌注模型。分别测定各组动物血浆、肠组织TNF-α含量及血液动力学变化;光镜观察肠粘膜损伤情况。结果IR组再灌注后MAP下降,与C组和SF组比有显著性差异(P<0.01);SF组肠粘膜损伤程度减轻,与IR组比有显著性差异(P<0.01);SF组血浆及肠组织TNF-α水平降低,与IR组比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论参附注射液可明显防治大鼠肠缺血-再灌注导致的肠粘膜损伤,这种作用可能是通过抑制TNF-α的释放实现的。     

粘连性小瞳孔白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨粘连性小瞳孔白内障超声乳化吸除手术方法及技巧。方法对36例(42眼)粘连性小瞳孔白内障行超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术,术中不分离虹膜后粘连,利用拦截劈裂法乳化晶状体核,通过4mm大小瞳孔完成手术。结果所有病例视力有不同程度提高,获得生理性圆或近圆瞳孔,主要并发症包括角膜内皮水肿,前房纤维素渗出。结论采用本方法治疗粘连性小瞳孔白内障操作相对简单,术后反应轻,并发症少。     

中国男性原发不育的遗传高风险因子:Y染色体DAZ基因拷贝缺失

目的 探讨Y染色体无精症因子C区(azoospermia factor C，AZFe)无精症缺失基因(deleted-in-azoospermia，DAZ)家族基因拷贝缺失与中国男性原发不育之间的关系。方法 运用多重PCR与PCR-RFLP检测技术，对210例已生育男性、216例原发无精症与189例严重少精症患者Y染色体AzFc区域DAZ基因家族的基因拷贝数进行分析。结果 在所有已生育男性中未检出DAZ基因拷贝的完全或部分缺失，而在原发无精症与严重少精症患者中DAZ基因拷贝完全缺失率分别为8．8％和12．2％，DAZ1／DAZ2共缺失率分别为8．3％和5．3％。结论 在中国男性原发无精症与严重少精症患者中存在较高频率的DAZ基因拷贝缺失现象，提示Y染色体AZFc区域DAZ基因家族基因拷贝的完全与部分缺失是中国男性原发不育的遗传高风险因子。     

Protection of chickens against highly lethal H5N1 and H7N1 avian influenza viruses with a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing H5 haemagglutinin and N1 neuraminidase genes

Inactivated whole avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine provides protection against homologous haemagglutinin (HA) subtype virus, but poor protection against a heterologous HA virus. Moreover, it induces chickens to produce antibodies to cross-reactive antigens, especially nucleoprotein, which is limits AIV serological surveillance. In this study, a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing HA (H5 subtype) and NA (N1 subtype) genes of AIV was evaluated for its ability to protect chickens against intramuscular challenge with a lethal dose of highly pathogenic (HP) AIV. Susceptible chickens were also vaccinated by wing-web puncture with the parent fowlpox vaccine virus. Following challenge 4 weeks later with HPAIV, all chickens vaccinated with recombinant virus were protected, while the chickens vaccinated with either the unaltered parent fowlpox vaccine virus or unvaccinated controls experienced 100% mortality following challenge. This protection was accompanied by the high levels of specific antibody to the respective components of the recombinant vaccine. The above results showed that rFPV-HA-NA could be a potential vaccine to replace current inactivated vaccines for preventing AI.     

EGSB反应器处理高浓硫酸盐废水

研究在负荷为20 kg COD/(m3.d)正常运行的EGSB(Expanded Granular Sludge Bed)反应器中,处理高浓硫酸盐废水。经过一个月左右的驯化,在进水COD为4 000 mg/L的条件下,进水SO42-质量浓度可提升至约1 800 mg/L,获得了9 kg SO42-/(m3.d)的运行能力。较高的有机负荷使得产气量较大随之带来明显的气提效应,再加上较高的上升流速所产生的良好的气固分离效果,使得气相中的硫元素含量较高,达到了质量分数43.8%。硫酸盐还原菌所能达到的最大电子流比重为31.4%,对应的最低COD/SO42-值约为2.0。EGSB反应器内溶解性硫化物与相应的自由硫化氢质量浓度为255 mg/L和102 mg/L,未对SRB与产甲烷菌产生任何毒性。     

胆管癌微血管生成及其病理学特征与预后的关系

目的探讨胆管癌微血管生成及其病理学特征与预后的关系。方法应用免疫组化法检测50例胆管癌标本的微血管密度、血管内皮生长因子和血管内皮生长因子受体Flk-1／KDR的表达,结合临床病理学资料和随访资料进行分析。结果胆管癌组织和癌旁组织的微血管密度 (34．04±11．08、32．80±9．28)均高于正常组织(11．67±4．64)(P<0．01);血管内皮生长因子和 Flk-1／KDR在肿瘤组织和癌旁组织中的表达均高于正常组织(P<0．01);伴淋巴结转移组微血管密度 (41．07±11．83)高于无转移组(30．93±9．18)(P<0．05);伴神经浸润组微血管密度(37．85±12．04) 高于无浸润组(30．32±8．51)(P<0．05);微血管密度<30和30-39组的生存率高于≥40组(P< 0．05)。结论微血管生成与胆管癌的发生、发展和预后密切相关。     

糖基化终末产物对大鼠肾系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1表达韵影响

目的：观察糖基化终末产物（AGEs）对大鼠肾系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）表达的影响及其与细胞外基质（ECM）成分含量的关系。方法：体外培养正常大鼠肾系膜细胞，分别用糖化牛血清白蛋白（AGEs）及未经糖化的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）处理，以常规培养的肾系膜细胞作为对照，检测不同时间、不同浓度AGEs对纤维连接蛋白（FN）、Ⅳ型胶原、PAI-1表达的影响。MTT法检测AGEs对系膜细胞增殖的作用，ELISA测定条件培养基中FN、Ⅳ型胶原及PAI-1蛋白含量，逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）检测系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达。结果：与相应浓度的BSA比较，AGEs（0—200mg／L）对系膜细胞增殖无明显影响，但可不同程度地刺激系膜细胞FN、Ⅳ型胶原、PAI-1蛋白的产生。RT—PCR检测显示，给予AGEs（100mg／L）的系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论：AGEs促进系膜细胞PAI—1的表达，提示AGEs通过上调PAI-1的表达而减少细胞外基质降解，可能是糖尿病肾病细胞外基质积聚的原因之一。     

副癌综合征为肺癌首发症状62例临床分析

目的探讨肺癌首发症状为副癌综合征病例的临床特点,提高对该综合征的诊断和认识水平。方法回顾分析我院有病理或细胞学确认的以副癌综合征为首发症状的肺癌病人,分析其类型特点及与肺癌的关系。结果以副癌综合征为首发症状的肺癌患者占同期住院肺癌患者的8.2%,副癌综合征表现多样,以杵状指、神经系统症状等较为多见。治疗后,大部分副癌综合征可缓解或消失。结论提高对副癌综合征的认识有助于肺癌的早期诊断,对预后估计也有一定帮助。     

白藜三醇对黄嘌呤—黄嘌呤氧化酶致平滑肌细胞核因子-κB活化及蛋白激酶Cα表达的干预

为探讨红葡萄酒的最有效成分之一白藜三醇拮抗黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶对血管平滑肌细胞内核因子活性和蛋白激酶Cα表达的影响，以培养幼兔主动脉平滑肌细胞为研究对象，分别给予不同剂量的黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶和/或白藜三醇，采用噻唑蓝法、电泳迁移率改变分析法、免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术检测不同处理组平滑肌细胞增殖及核因子的活性和蛋白激酶Cα蛋白及其mRNA的表达变化。结果发现，不同浓度黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶的系统所产生的氧自由基可明显增加体外培养血管平滑肌细胞增殖及核因子的活性和蛋白激酶蛋白Cα及其mRNA的袁达水平，白藜三醇呈剂量依赖性的抑制氧自由基对体外培养血管平滑肌细胞的增殖作用和核因子的活性，并下调蛋白激酶Cα的表达水平；其中以终浓度100μmol／L的白藜三醇对氧自由基介导的核因子活性的抑制作用最强，终浓度200μmol／L的白藜三醇对血管平滑肌细胞的增殖作用及蛋白激酶Cα表达的抑制作用最强。实验结果提示，红葡萄酒的有效成分白藜三醇可能是通过抑制核因子的诱导合成而阻断黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶系统所产生氧自由基的促蛋白激酶Cα的表达效应，进而抑制平滑肌细胞增殖，发挥其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

Genome-wide scan identified QTLs underlying femoral neck cross-sectional geometry that are novel studied risk factors of osteoporosis.

A genome-wide screen was conducted using a large white sample to identify QTLs for FNCS geometry. We found significant linkage of FNCS parameters to 20q12 and Xq25, plus significant epistatic interactions and sex-specific QTLs influencing FNCS geometry variation. INTRODUCTION: Bone geometry, a highly heritable trait, is a critical component of bone strength that significantly determines osteoporotic fracture risk. Specifically, femoral neck cross-sectional (FNCS) geometry is significantly associated with hip fracture risk as well as genetic factors. However, genetic research in this respect is still in its infancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify the underlying genomic regions influencing FNCS variables, we performed a remarkably large-scale whole genome linkage scan involving 3998 individuals from 434 pedigrees for four FNCS geometry parameters, namely buckling ratio (BR), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), and section modulus (Z). The major statistical approach adopted is the variance component method implemented in SOLAR. RESULTS: Significant linkage evidence (threshold LOD = 3.72 after correction for tests of multiple phenotypes) was found in the regions of 20q12 and Xq25 for CT (LOD = 4.28 and 3.90, respectively). We also identified eight suggestive linkage signals (threshold LOD = 2.31 after correction for multiple tests) for the respective geometry traits. The above findings were supported by principal component linkage analysis. Of them, 20q12 was of particular interest because it was linked to multiple FNCS geometry traits and significantly interacted with five other genomic loci to influence CSA variation. The effects of 20q12 on FNCS geometry were present in both male and female subgroups. Subgroup analysis also revealed the presence of sex-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FNCS traits in the regions such as 2p14, 3q26, 7q21 and 15q21. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings laid a foundation for further replication and fine-mapping studies as well as for positional and functional candidate gene studies, aiming at eventually finding the causal genetic variants and hidden mechanisms concerning FNCS geometry variation and the associated hip fractures.