儿童难治性肾病综合征的探讨95例临床分析

本文对95例肾病综合征进行分析,探讨了性别、年龄、发病迁延时间、浮肿、蛋白尿、血尿、血压、尿素氮、血浆蛋白、血浆胆固醇、免疫球蛋白、补体C_3与激素反应及分型的关系。认为下列综合分析可做为判定难治性肾病综合征的参考。难治性肾病多分布在7岁以上,激素治疗4～8周血浆蛋白尚未恢复,尿镜检反复出现红细胞及颗粒管型,血清r—球蛋白不低,而补体C_3降低,提示难治性肾病。各种感染常常是造成肾病综合心难以控制,甚至死亡的重要因素。     

子宫动脉栓塞围介入治疗期硬膜外病人自控镇痛及不同药物配伍的效应

目的 研究子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)围介入治疗期采用硬膜外病人自控镇痛(PCEA)及其不同配伍镇痛效应和不良反应。方法 80例行UAE介入治疗病人(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级)随机分成四组,RD0组(n=20):采用PCEA法,镇痛药0.2％罗哌卡因(Rop)+0.004％吗啡(Mor),RD1组(n=20):RD0组镇痛药中加入0.005％氟哌利多(Dro);RD2组(n=20):RD0组镇痛药中加入0.01％Dro,RD0～RD2组硬膜外腔穿刺(T11～12)置管后接PCA泵按LCP模式镇痛,即负荷量(6ml)+待续量(2ml/h+PcA剂量(2ml/次),锁定时间10min;C组(n=20,对照):口服尼美舒利或肌注盐酸哌替啶镇痛。双盲观察各组VAS评分、BCS舒适评分、Ramesay评分、术后恢复以及恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等并发症情况。结果 UAE导丝导管操作及栓塞时C组病人盆腔疼痛和继发性痛性痉挛发生率为90％,而RD0～RD2组无此现象;介入治疗后VAS评分、BCS评级、术后恢复时间RD0～RD2组明显优于C组(P<0.05)。PCEA各组病人围介入治疗期均安静合作,精神状态良好,C组病人烦躁不安发生率较多;恶心、呕吐发生率RD0组及C组高于RD1组及RD2组(P<0.05)。结论 UAE围介入治疗期PCEA法镇痛效果明显优于传统用药法,且副反应少,术后恢复快;PCEA配方中适量加入Dro(0.005％)可减少恶心呕吐及皮肤瘙痒。     

平衡记分卡和战略地图在转型期医院战略管理中的应用

为有效实施和执行转型期医院发展战略,使用平衡记分卡、战略地图和管理战略。平衡记分卡、战略地图采用逻辑性图示结构和执行语言直观形象地描述发展战略,并强调因果关系链和协调一致性,隐含刨根究底、循本溯源的执行思维。运用它可实现有效战略沟通,帮助组织和员工理解他们在战略执行中的角色和作用,使思想和行动与战略保持一致,从而达到战略的有效执行。     

The use of muscle autograft denatured by microwave for repair of gaps in removal of facial neuromas]

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value of muscle autograft denatured by microwave for repair of gaps in removal of facial neuromas. METHODS: Two cases of patients with facial nerve Schwann cell neuromas were reported. The operations for removal of facial neuromas were completed, and the gaps of the nerves were repaired with muscle autograft denatured by microwave of 250 W for 120 sec. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for two years, and the recovery of facial function on the affected sides were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Muscle autograft denatured by microwave technique is convenient, highly efficient for repairing facial nerve gap after removal of facial neuroma.     

针刺夹脊穴治疗痉挛型脑瘫的临床研究

目的:观察针刺夹脊穴治疗痉挛型脑瘫的临床疗效。方法:将62例痉挛型脑瘫患者随机分成两组,治疗组采用针刺夹脊穴,对照组采用假针刺,每日针刺1次,10次为1个疗程,共治疗6个疗程,所有病例均配合常规的康复治疗。同时以修订的Ashworth量表(MAS)、粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)、儿童功能独立检查(WeeFIM)作观察指标,观察评定两组的治疗结果。结果:治疗后两组MAS评分均明显降低(P<0.01),且治疗组MAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者的GMFM评分、WeeFIM评分均明显提高(P<0.01),且治疗组GMFM评分、WeeFIM评分明显高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率为84.4%,对照组总有效率为63.3%,两组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:针刺夹脊穴治疗痉挛型脑瘫患者的临床疗效确切。     

穴位按压在健康体检静脉采血晕厥中的应用

目的探讨穴位按压对健康体检者静脉采血中晕厥的护理干预效果。方法将59例发生晕厥的健康体检者随机分为观察组（31人）和对照组（28人）。对照组采用常规处理方法，予10％葡萄糖注射液饮服或静脉注射；观察组予以指压舍谷、内关、足三里穴。结果两组治疗效果比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论指压合谷、内关、足三里穴能有效治疗静脉采血所致的晕厥，且方法简单、安全。     

基层医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术1696例的治疗体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜在基层医院普及开展的可行性和主要并发症的预防。方法:回顾分析1999年6月至2006年5月我院1 696例腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料。结果:1 696例LC成功1 635例,中转开腹61例,中转率3.6%,发生并发症17例,其中胆管损伤1例,腹腔内出血2例,胆漏2例,腹腔感染1例,胆管残石3例,遗漏腹腔内病变6例,上消化道出血2例。结论:LC在基层医院的开展日益成熟,成为治疗胆囊良性疾患的“金标准”。术前注意鉴别诊断,术中操作轻柔,辨明胆囊三角结构,能避免严重并发症的发生。     

Response of lumbar paraspinal muscles spindles is greater to spinal manipulative loading compared with slower loading under length control.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Spinal manipulation (SM) is a form of manual therapy used clinically to treat patients with low back and neck pain. The most common form of this maneuver is characterized as a high-velocity (duration <150 ms), low-amplitude (segmental translation <2 mm, rotation <4 degrees , and applied force 220-889 N) impulse thrust (high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulation [HVLA-SM]). Clinical skill in applying an HVLA-SM lies in the practitioner's ability to control the duration and magnitude of the load (ie, the rate of loading), the direction in which the load is applied, and the contact point at which the load is applied. Control over its mechanical delivery is presumably related to its clinical effects. Biomechanical changes evoked by an HVLA-SM are thought to have physiological consequences caused, at least in part, by changes in sensory signaling from paraspinal tissues. PURPOSE: If activation of afferent pathways does contribute to the effects of an HVLA-SM, it seems reasonable to anticipate that neural discharge might increase or decrease in a nonlinear fashion as the thrust duration approaches a threshold value. We hypothesized that the relationship between the duration of an impulsive thrust to a vertebra and paraspinal muscle spindle discharge would be nonlinear with an inflection near the duration of an HVLA-SM delivered clinically (<150 ms). In addition, we anticipated that muscle spindle discharge would be more sensitive to larger amplitude thrusts. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A neurophysiological study of spinal manipulation using the lumbar spine of a feline model. METHODS: Impulse thrusts (duration: 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ms; amplitude 1 or 2 mm posterior to anterior) were applied to the spinous process of the L6 vertebra of deeply anesthetized cats while recording single unit activity from dorsal root filaments of muscle spindle afferents innervating the lumbar paraspinal muscles. A feedback motor was used in displacement control mode to deliver the impulse thrusts. The motor's drive arm was securely attached to the L6 spinous process via a forceps. RESULTS: As thrust duration became shorter, the discharge of the lumbar paraspinal muscle spindles increased in a curvilinear fashion. A concave-up inflection occurred near the 100-ms duration eliciting both a higher frequency discharge compared with the longer durations and a substantially faster rate of change as thrust duration was shortened. This pattern was evident in paraspinal afferents with receptive fields both close and far from the midline. Paradoxically, spindle afferents were almost twice as sensitive to the 1-mm compared with the 2-mm amplitude thrust (6.2 vs. 3.3 spikes/s/mm/s). This latter finding may be related to the small versus large signal range properties of muscle spindles. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the duration and amplitude of a spinal manipulation elicit a pattern of discharge from paraspinal muscle spindles different from slower mechanical inputs. Clinically, these parameters may be important determinants of an HVLA-SM's therapeutic benefit.     

Stimulation of Alpha-Adrenoceptors Facilitates the Release of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone from Rat Hypothalamus in vitro

While extensive evidence suggests that adrenoceptors play an important role in the control of growth hormone in the rat, there are few studies involving the direct measurement of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). We have therefore developed a radioimmunoassay for rat GHRH, and used it to investigate the modulation of GHRH release by noradrenaline from incubated rat hypothalamus in vitro. The GHRH radioimmunoassay had no significant cross-reactivity with other hypothalamic or GHRH-related peptides, and was sensitive to 4 pg/tube; intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 6% and 12% respectively. Single incubated rat hypothalami produced a stable and readily measurable output of GHRH in successive 20 min incubations after an initial 60 min preincubation; the release of GHRH was increased in the presence of 56 mM KCI, but did not respond to KCI-depolarization when calcium was excluded from the medium. Stimulated GHRH release was identical to synthetic rat GHRH(1–43) on high-performance liquid chromatography and Sephadex G-75 chromatography.
Noradrenaline stimulated GHRH secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range 10⁻¹⁰— 10⁻⁶M, with a plateau in response at 10⁻⁷M. Stimulation with noradrenaline 10⁻⁷M was blocked by idazoxan 10⁻⁵M and attenuated by thymoxamine 10⁻⁵M, but was unaffected by timolol 10⁻⁵M. Both the α₂-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine, and the α₁-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine, specifically stimulated GHRH secretion.
It is concluded that noradrenaline stimulates the release of GHRH at both α₁ and α₂-adrenoceptors.