The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

囊泡-囊泡素1在清道夫受体AⅠ转基因小鼠动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用

研究囊泡/囊泡素1与清道夫受体A的相互作用及在动脉粥样硬化发生发展中的作用.将16只正常小鼠随机分为正常对照组和高脂组,16只清道夫受体AⅠ转基因小鼠随机分为转基因组和转基因高脂组.正常对照组和转基因组用基础饲料喂养,高脂组和转基因高脂组用高脂饲料喂养.24周后用免疫组织化学法检测小鼠主动脉血管上囊泡素1的表达,计算机图像分析观察主动脉斑块面积及内膜/中膜厚度,电镜观察囊泡在主动脉内皮细胞膜上的表达.结果发现,高脂组、转基因组、转基因高脂组小鼠的内膜厚度和中膜厚度明显增加,是正常对照组的2～4倍,3组均可见明显动脉粥样硬化斑块形成.正常小鼠主动脉血管表达高水平的囊泡及囊泡素1,而转基因鼠囊泡及囊泡素1表达明显减少.转基因鼠经高脂喂养后,上述表现更加明显.以上结果提示转基因清道夫受体AⅠ小鼠动脉粥样硬化的发生可能与其动脉内皮细胞上囊泡/囊泡素1下调有关.     

基于混合感知模型的智慧养老平台的建立与应用

目的 设计、构建并应用智慧养老平台,保障居家社区老年人的安全,提升生活质量和舒适度。 方法 基于混合感知模型设计智慧养老平台的框架,并在重庆市社区居家老年人健康服务技术推广基地应用。通过平台使用情况和老年人的使用体验对应用效果进行评价。 结果 智慧养老平台包括5个子系统（生理数据感知系统、环境感知系统、位置感知系统、活动感知系统和决策支持系统）,分为4个网络架构层级（数据采集层、数据交互层、应用平台和应用管理层）。截止2020年6月,平台使用7个月,共有签约老年人180例,平台数据显示,平台不良事件发生率为0,用户及家属的满意度为96%。老年人认为智慧养老平台可以增强心理安全感,契合医养需求,维持生活自主性,但也报告了对个人隐私的关注,以及在使用过程中的技术不适应。 结论 基于混合感知模型的智慧养老平台运行良好,用户评价较好,可为老年健康服务产业的智慧化转型升级提供参考和借鉴。     

千万别“憋”出病来

憋尿、憋便、憋气、憋精等都是不良习惯。现代人简直就像上满发条的机器,无时无刻不在赶时间、提效率。只要事情一来,不但吃饭睡觉的时间给挤到一边去了,甚至体内“三急”也常常“忍了又忍”。某些特殊情况下,憋乳、憋精等也成了大家“难言”的苦衷。但专家提醒说,人体的呼吸、消化、排泄等器官就好比一条条人体健康的通道,如果这些通道口的排泄物积蓄到一定程度,而又没有得到及时合理的排出,长期下来,将会对身体造成种种不良影响。     

误服火碱致小儿食道烧伤

4岁的小女孩王晓娇从地上拿起一个饮料瓶,仰脖就喝。随着“饮料”流入,孩子发出了嚎哭。待家长跑来看见地上打翻的饮料瓶时,才知道孩子误将盛火碱的饮料瓶当饮料喝下,急来医院求医。经检查口腔、食道糜烂、烧伤,虽无生命危险,却造成残疾。现因食道挛缩、畸形,只能进流食,待行手术治疗。家     

肺结核合并肺曲霉病的临床表现及诊疗分析

目的 探讨肺结核合并肺曲霉病的病因和临床特点,提高本病的诊治水平。方法 选取2012年1月—2016年1月解放军第三〇九医院全军结核病研究所确诊的67例肺结核合并肺曲霉菌感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 67例患者均合并其他基础疾病,如慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、支气管扩张、糖尿病等。临床表现有发热、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、呼吸困难等症状。肺结核合并肺曲霉病患者可呈现出实变、结节、空洞、“新月征”等影像学表现,其中“新月征”是肺曲霉病特征性影像学表现。以曲霉菌培养法为标准,对患者痰或支气管肺泡灌洗液进行半乳甘露聚糖（GM）试验检测,敏感度为78.3%（36/46）,准确率为65.7%（44/67）;通过病理活检方法可明确肺曲霉病具体类型,经支气管镜钳夹活检病理诊断慢性空洞性肺曲霉病（CCPA）15例,曲菌球17例,慢性坏死性肺曲霉病（CNPA）13例,曲霉菌结节2例;经外科手术病理确诊CCPA 5例,曲菌球10例,CNPA 2例,曲霉菌结节3例。67例患者在抗结核药物治疗的基础上,给予抗真菌药物治疗,且不少于6个月,方式分为口服和支气管镜下灌注两种,兼以支气管镜介入术和外科手术切除病灶。所有患者在随访复检中未再次出现曲霉菌感染,无病情恶化现象,基本处于稳定。结论 肺结核合并肺曲霉菌感染有多种易感因素,临床表现和影像学改变缺乏特异性,病原菌培养或病理活检仍是诊断金标准。对于肺结核患者,积极治疗原发病,保证患者机体一定的免疫力,对预防曲霉菌感染至关重要。     

主动靶向脂质体研究进展

目的 介绍主动靶向脂质体最新研究进展。方法 查阅近年来国内外相关文献,对主动靶向脂质体的表面修饰、配体选择及应用进行进行总结和归纳。结果 主动靶向脂质体的表面修饰有三种方法：作为组份直接制备;键合到脂质体表面;后插入法。主动靶向脂质体可以将药物传递到靶组织、靶向细胞或靶细胞器,提高药物的生物利用度,而不增加对正常组织或细胞的毒性,是近年研究最为广泛的主动靶向给药系统。结论 主动靶向脂质体是一种非常有前途的给药系统。     

超声引导下胸膜活检与外周血结核感染T细胞斑点试验对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的分析超声引导下胸膜活检联合外周血结核感染T细胞斑点试验（T-SPOT.TB）对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法采用随机数字表法随机抽取2012年1月至2016年12月解放军第三。九医院全军结核病研究所就诊的156例疑似结核性胸膜炎患者作为研究对象,其中确诊为结核性胸膜炎患者115例,非结核性胸膜炎患者41例。分别对两组患者先后进行超声引导下胸膜活检和外周血T-SPOT．TB检测,比较两种方法单独及联合诊断的效能。结果超声引导下胸膜活检、外周血T-SPOT．TB检测、联合诊断的敏感度分别为79．13％（91／115）、89．57％（103／115）、95．65％（110／115）,联合诊断与各单项诊断比较差异均具有统计学意义（χ^2值分别是6．11、4．47,P值均〈0．05）。超声引导下胸膜活检、外周血T-SPOT．TB检测、联合诊断的特异度分别为100．00％（41／41）、85．37％（35／41）、100．00％（41／41）,联合诊断与外周血T-SPOT．TB检测结果比较差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=4．82,P=0．028）。超声引导下胸膜活检、外周血T-SPOT．TB检测、联合诊断的阳性预测值分别为100．00％（91／91）、94．50％（103／109）、100．00％（110／110）,联合诊断与外周血T-SPOT．TB检测结果比较差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=4．21,P=0．035）。超声引导下胸膜活检、外周血T-SPOT．TB检测、联合诊断的阴性预测值分别为63．08％（41／65）、74．47％（35／47）、89．13％（41／46）,联合诊断与各单项诊断结果比较差异均具有统计学意义（y。值分别是9．42、4．87,P值均〈0．05）。超声引导下胸膜活检、外周血T-SPOT．TB检测、联合诊断的的诊断率分别为84．62％（132／156）、88．46％（138／156）、96．79％（151／156）,联合诊断与各单项方法的诊断结果比较,差异均具有统计学意义（χ^2值分别是4．29、4．07,P值均〈0．05）。结论超声引导下胸膜活检联合外周血T-SPOT．TB检测对结核性胸膜炎有较高的诊断价值。