N-乙酰半胱氨酸对纳米二氧化钛诱发细胞遗传损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对纳米二氧化钛(TiO₂-NPs)诱发人正常肝细胞L-02和肺细胞HBE遗传损伤的保护作用。方法：分别将对数生长期的L-02和HBE细胞分为3组,即正常培养的对照组、TiO₂-NPs(80μg/mL)暴露组、TiO₂-NPs(80μg/mL)与NAC(20μmol/L)联合暴露组;各组细胞处理72h后,采用H₂O₂试剂盒检测细胞内H₂O₂浓度;实时荧光定量(qPCR)法检测L-02、HBE细胞端粒长度(TL)的改变;胞质分裂阻断微核细胞组试验(CBMN-Cyt)评估受试细胞的染色体不稳定性(CIN)及细胞死亡率。结果：与对照组相比,TiO₂-NPs暴露72h后,可诱导L-02和HBE细胞内H₂O₂浓度显著升高(P<0.05),致使L-02和HBE细胞TL缩短、CIN增加、细胞死亡率增加(P<0.05);当TiO₂-NPs与NAC联合暴露72h后时,两种受试细胞的H₂O₂水平和CIN仍较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),而TL和细胞死亡率与对照组间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与单独暴露TiO₂-NPs组相比,联合暴露时两种受试细胞的TL显著增加(P<0.05),且CIN及细胞死亡率显著降低(P<0.05)。结论：抗氧化剂NAC可抑制TiO₂-NPs诱发的人肝细胞L-02和肺细胞HBE的TL缩短和细胞死亡,维护染色体稳定,对细胞有一定保护作用。     

扶正补血食疗方含药血清干预Notch通路调控骨髓造血干细胞化疗后损伤的机制研究

目的:通过扶正补血食疗方含药血清干预5-FU损伤小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)和造血干细胞(HSCs)体外共培养模型,探讨补血食疗方对化疗后模拟"造血龛"中小鼠HSCs增殖、凋亡以及Notch信号通路的影响.方法:建立小鼠BMSCs和HSCs的共培养模型.共培养细胞随机分为空白组、5-FU组和扶正补血食疗方含药血清...     

局部晚期乳腺癌1081例临床病理特征及预后分析

目的:分析局部晚期乳腺癌患者的临床病理学特征及生存状态,探讨其预后的独立影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2001年7月—2004年12月本院收治的1081例局部晚期乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征、复发和转移以及生存情况。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行预后的单因素分析,COX回归模型进行多因素分析。结果:局部晚期乳腺癌患者3年和5年无病生存率分别为69.6%和56.9%,3年和5年总生存率分别为81.5%和65.9%。单因素分析结果显示,影响局部晚期乳腺癌患者预后的因素包括肿瘤家族史、肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态、组织学分级、辅助化疗、放疗和内分泌治疗。多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态、辅助化疗、放疗和内分泌治疗是影响局部晚期乳腺癌患者预后的独立因素。结论:术后辅助化疗、放疗和内分泌治疗可明显改善患者的预后。对局部晚期乳腺癌应根据临床病理特征,综合应用上述治疗方法实现个体化治疗。     

茶多酚的表遗传机制与肿瘤防治

茶多酚(tea polyphenols,TP)是绿茶中对人体有益的主要成分,其对多种不同类型的肿瘤发生可能具有防护作用,其中包括表遗传途径.表遗传指不改变DNA序列的情况下基因表达发生可遗传改变的机制,主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑、siRNA和miRNA调控等,在人类的大多数肿瘤中都观察到表修饰模式的异常.茶多酚具有抑制DNA甲基转移酶、改变组蛋白修饰和miRNA表达的生物学活性,对肿瘤的防护与治疗具有一定的价值.该文就茶多酚的表遗传机制的研究进展作一简要概述.     

维生素B6与人类基因组健康研究进展

维生素B6作为叶酸代谢途径中丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶(serine hydroxymethyltransferase,SHMT)、胱硫醚β-合成酶(cystathionineβ-synthase,CBS)、甜菜碱羟甲基转移酶(betaine hydroxymethyltransferase,BHMT)等酶的辅酶,一方面涉及丝氨酸、四氢叶酸到甘氨酸、5,10-甲基四氢叶酸的可逆转化,另一方面协助完成同型半胱氨酸到甲硫氨酸和胱硫醚的代谢.因此维生素B6对于维持基因组、表基因组稳定性以及促进同型半胱氨酸代谢可能具有一定作用,从而在肿瘤、癌症、心脑血管疾病的防范上可能起到积极作用.本文综述了维生素B6代谢功能研究进展、维生素B6缺乏临床表征及引发的并发症和营养缺陷症,为人类基因组健康、公共卫生健康和饮食供给提供参考.

Abstract：

Vitamin B6 is a cofactor for the serine hydroxymethyltransferase ( SHMT ), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and betaine hydroxymethyltransferase (BHMT) in folate metabolism. SHMT catalyzes the reversible interconversion of serine and tetrahydrofolate ( THF ) to glycine and 5,10- methylene THF. The metabolism of homocysteine to methionine and cysteine is initiated by the enzymes CBS and BHMT. So the evidence indicates that vitamin B6 plays an important role in the maintenance of genome,epigenetics stability and homocysteine metabolism, suggesting vitamin B6' s critical role in the prevention of tumour, cancer and cardiovascular disease. This article will review and discuss the metabolic functions of vitamin B6, some associated diseases due to vitamin B6 deficiency, and new insights from recently published studies regarding prevention and treatment potentials.     

虚拟现实技术辅助下颅底沟通性孤立性纤维性肿瘤1例

孤立性纤维性肿瘤（solitary fibrous tumor,SFT）是一种罕见的间质肿瘤,头颈部是SFT发生的第三大常见部位,而位于颅底的复杂沟通性SFT则鲜有报道。我科收治1例颅底沟通性SFT,具有肿瘤解剖位置隐蔽、周围组织解剖结构复杂、与颅内相沟通等特点。在虚拟现实（virtual reality,VR）技术辅...     

A comparative study for the efficacies of transaxillary non-inflatable endoscopic surgery versus traditional surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma北大核心CSCD

Objective To compare the efficacies between open surgery and axillary non‑inflatable endoscopic surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 343 patients with unilateral PTC treated by traditional open surgery (201 cases) and transaxillary non‑inflating endoscopic surgery (142 cases) from May 2019 to December 2021 in the Head and Neck Surgery of Sichuan Cancer Hospital. Among them, 97 were males and 246 were females, aged 20-69 years. 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed on the enrolled patients, and the basic characteristics, perioperative clinical outcomes, postoperative complications, postoperative quality of life (Thyroid Cancer‑Specific Quality of Life), aesthetic satisfaction and other aspects of the two groups were compared after successful matching. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 190 patients were enrolled after PSM, with 95 cases in open group and 95 cases in endoscopic group. Intraoperative blood losses for endoscopic and open groups were [20 (20) ml vs. 20 (10) ml, M (IQR), Z=-2.22], postoperative drainage volumes [170 (70)ml vs. 101 (55)ml, Z=-7.91], operative time [135 (35)min vs. 95 (35)min, Z=-7.34], hospitalization cost [(28 188.7±2 765.1)yuan vs. (25 643.5±2 610.7)yuan, x̄ ± s, t=0.73], postoperative hospitalization time [(3.1±0.9)days vs. (2.6±0.9)days, t=-3.24], and drainage tube placement time [(2.5±0.8) days vs. (2.0±1.0)days, t=-4.16], with statistically significant differrences (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in surgical complications (P>0.05). There were significant diffferences between two groups in the postoperative quality of life scores in neuromuscular, psychological, scar and cold sensation (all P<0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences in other quality of life scores (all P>0.05). In terms of aesthetic satisfaction 6 months after surgery, the endoscopic group was better than the open group, with statistically significant difference (χ2=41.47, P<0.05). Conclusion Endoscopic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillary approach is a safe and reliable surgical method, which has remarkable cosmetic effect and can improve the postoperative quality of life of patients compared with the traditional thyroidectomy. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

维生素B12缺乏对人肝细胞增殖、凋亡和染色体不稳定性的影响

目的 探讨两种形式的维生素B₁₂，氰钴胺(cyancobalamin, CNCbl)和甲钴胺(methylcobalamin, MeCbl缺乏对人肝细胞增殖、凋亡和染色体不稳定性(chromosomal instability, CIN)的影响。方法 配制含CNCbl或MeCbl浓度为37(缺乏)、370、3700(充足)pmol/L的RPMI-1640干预培养液，培养人肝L-02细胞和QGY细胞9d，胞质分裂阻断微核细胞组试验(cytokinesis-blockmicronucleuscytomeassay,CBMN-Cyt)评价受试细胞核分裂指数(nuclear division index, NDI)、CIN和细胞凋亡水平。结果 与VB₁₂为3700 pmol/L培养条件相比，370 pmol/L的CNCbl和MeCbl对L-02和QGY细胞CIN和细胞凋亡率无显著影响，而37pmol/L的CNCbl和MeCbl均显著降低二株细胞的NDI水平(P<0.05)，诱导二株细胞CIN升高(P<0.05)和凋亡发生(P<0.0...