跨矢状窦脑膜瘤术中矢状窦的处理

目的总结跨矢状窦脑膜瘤术中矢状窦的处理方法.方法对26例跨矢状窦脑膜瘤及受累矢状窦进行切除,依具体情况重建或不重建矢状窦.结果该组病人无手术死亡,手术后均未加重原有神经功能障碍,无脑血液回流障碍,7例重建矢状窦者未发现有矢状窦内血栓形成.结论矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的治疗除肿瘤切除外,对受累上矢状窦处理是否彻底对预防术后复发是至关重要的.对受累矢状窦应按具体情况按一定的原则进行积极处理.     

急性戊型黄疸性肝炎并格林─巴利综合征1例

急性戊型黄疸性肝炎并格林─巴利综合征１例黄华，柳利民，李俊患者，男，５６岁，因乏力、食欲不振半月伴皮肤、巩膜黄染一周入院。半月来患者无明显诱因感乏力、食欲不振，偶有低热，体温波动在３７．５℃─３８．３℃，继之出现皮肤、巩膜黄疸，伴恶心、呕吐，症状逐渐...     

健脾止泻汤治老年慢性腹泻45例

笔者根据张景岳“泄泻之本，无不由于脾胃”的观点，自拟健脾止泻汤治疗老年慢性腹泻45例，收效显著，现报道如下。 一般资料 本组45例患者中，男31例，女14例；年龄最大者76岁，最小者60岁；病程最长3年，最短3个月。     

Morphine Preconditions Purkinje Cells against Cell Death under In Vitro Simulated Ischemia-Reperfusion Conditions

Background: Morphine pretreatment via activation of [delta]1-opioid receptors induces cardioprotection. In this study, the authors determined whether morphine preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance in neurons.

Methods: Cerebellar brain slices from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with morphine at 0.1-10 [mu]m in the presence or absence of various antagonists for 30 min. They were then kept in morphine- and antagonist-free buffer for 30 min before they were subjected to simulated ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation) for 20 min. After being recovered in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 5 h, they were fixed for morphologic examination to determine the percentage of undamaged Purkinje cells.

Results: The survival rate of Purkinje cells was significantly higher in slices preconditioned with morphine (>= 0.3 [mu]m) before the oxygen-glucose deprivation (57 +/- 4% at 0.3 [mu]m morphine) than that of the oxygen-glucose deprivation alone (39 +/- 3%, P < 0.05). This morphine preconditioning-induced neuroprotection was abolished by naloxone, a non-type-selective opioid receptor antagonist, by naltrindole, a selective [delta]-opioid receptor antagonist, or by 7-benzylidenenaltrexone, a selective [delta]1-opioid receptor antagonist. However, the effects were not blocked by the [mu]-, [kappa]-, or [delta]2-opioid receptor antagonists, [beta]-funaltrexamine, nor-binaltorphimine, or naltriben, respectively. Morphine preconditioning-induced neuroprotection was partially blocked by the selective mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel antagonist, 5-hydroxydecanoate, or the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor, myxothiazol. None of the inhibitors used in this study alone affected the simulated ischemia-induced neuronal death.     

Isoflurane Preconditions Hippocampal Neurons against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Role of Intracellular Ca2+ and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling

Background: Isoflurane preconditions neurons to improve tolerance of subsequent ischemia in both intact animal models and in in vitro preparations. The mechanisms for this protection remain largely undefined. Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway.

Methods: The authors used a preconditioning model in which organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus were exposed to 0.5-1.5% isoflurane for a 2-h period 24 h before an ischemia-like injury of oxygen-glucose deprivation. Survival of CA1, CA3, and dentate neurons was assessed 48 later, along with interval measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration (fura-2 fluorescence microscopy in CA1 neurons), mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44, and the survival associated proteins Akt and GSK-3[beta] (in situ immunostaining and Western blots).

Results: Preconditioning with 0.5-1.5% isoflurane decreased neuron death in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampal slice cultures after oxygen-glucose deprivation. The preconditioning period was associated with an increase in basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration of 7-15%, which involved Ca2+ release from inositol triphosphate-sensitive stores in the endoplasmic reticulum, and transient phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44 and the survival-associated proteins Akt and GSK-3[beta]. Preconditioning protection was eliminated by the mitogen-activated extracellular kinase inhibitor U0126, which prevented phosphorylation of p44 during preconditioning, and by calmidazolium, which antagonizes the effects of Ca2+-bound calmodulin.     

Parkinson''''s Disease and Smoking: An Integral Part of PD''''s Etiological Study

INTRODUCTION Parkinson抯 disease (PD), a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, is featured with bradykinesia, resting, muscular rigidity, gait disturbances, and postural reflex impairment[1]. PD is rare before age of 50 years, but it increases dramatically with older ages, with peak onset occurring during the age of 70-85 years. In the United States, prevalence of PD in all age groups is approximately 150 per 100 000 and is roughly 30 per 100 000 at age of less than 50 years and 800 …     

病变椎体切除脊柱稳定性重建治疗胸腰椎转移瘤

目的:探讨病变椎体切除脊柱稳定性重建治疗胸腰椎转移瘤可行性与临床价值。方法:1999年7月-2006年4月,采用后正中加后外侧"T"形切口行病变椎体切除、钛网 切除的肋骨或取自体髂骨填充植骨、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗16例胸腰椎转移瘤患者,随访观察患者术后局部疼痛缓解、脊髓神经功能恢复及脊柱稳定性情况。结果:术后患者腰背痛及放射性疼痛基本缓解,均于术后早期开始肢体功能锻炼,术后2-3周离床活动。随访8个月-3年,患者神经系统压迫症状明显改善,3例C级患者2例恢复到D级,1例恢复到E级;D级5例均恢复到E级。影像学复查内固定物无松动、断钉、断棒现象,钛网无移位,椎体无塌陷。结论:经后正中加后外侧"T"形切口手术切除病变椎体并重建脊柱的三柱稳定性结构治疗胸腰椎转移瘤是可行的,可提高患者生存期内的生活质量。     

带血管阔筋膜张肌骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的研究GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型青壮年股骨颈骨折的治疗。方法36例股骨颈骨折患者，其中Garden Ⅲ型14例，Ⅳ型22例。采用带旋股外侧血管升支的阔筋膜张肌髂骨瓣移植配合内固定治疗，随访2～8年。结果36例骨折中34例全部获得愈合，有1例骨折不愈合并内固定断裂，行全髋关节置换治疗，1例1年后爱生股骨头坏死。结论Garden Ⅲ、Ⅳ型青壮年股骨颈骨折损伤重，骨折端血供中断，带旋股外侧血管升支的髂骨块可能恢复骨折端的连接，愈合后恢复股骨头血供，对防止骨折端不愈合及股骨头坏死有一定的意义。     

刍议基层医院急诊工作对护理管理的要求

急诊室是基层医院工作的窗口，护理管理在急救工作中起着至关重要的作用。因此，基层医院对急诊护理管理提出了完善管理制度，各种物品、药品、器材做到“四定三及时”；急诊科设置集中，标志醒目；根据工作特点，严格要求护士；合理安排班次，保证充足的人力资源；加强护士急救技术和心理素质的培训，提高护理质量；不断提高护理管理者的自身素质等要求。     

硬化注射治疗直肠前突的临床研究

目的：探讨硬化注射法治疗直肠前突的有效性。方法：将80例中度及中度以上的直肠前突患者随机分成两组，各40例。试验组行硬化注射法治疗，对照组行经阴道切开修补，并观察两组的治疗效果及并发症。结果：治疗后患者症状评分较治疗前降低，两组治疗效果相比无统计学差异。但治疗组在术中出血、术后疼痛等并发症方面则优于对照组。结论：硬化注射法是一种简便有效的治疗直肠前突的方法。