营养素补充剂注册、配方及质量控制探讨

近年来,我国居民食物质量和营养摄入较过去都有明显改善,但营养不良问题仍严重存在,主要表现在营养摄入不足和营养结构失衡,直接后果是与营养相关的慢性退行性疾病的快速增长。适量补充外源性维生素、矿物质，可弥补膳食供给的不足、预防营养缺乏和降低发生某些慢性退行性疾病的风险性，是改善营养不良的有效途径之一。     

吸烟人群尿中8-OHdG水平的观察

目的了解人群中吸烟者和非吸烟者尿8-OHdG水平。方法选择某学校30~60岁健康男性教职员,其中吸烟者14名和非吸烟者16名,分别取其即时尿,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测8-OhdG水平。结果吸烟者尿中8-OHdG水平为(9.61±4.89)ng/mgCr,非吸烟者为(7.97±1.74)ng/mgCr,两组结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论该研究未发现吸烟能增加尿中8-OHdG水平。     

中国北方五市儿童功能性便秘流行病学特征现况调查

Objective Functional constipation (FC) is a common complaint in childhood but the prevalence still remains unclear, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of FC in childhood in the northern parts of China. Methods A screening program on FC in childhood was carried out in 5 northern cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin) of China according to symptoms under the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Random clustered sampling of the inhabitants was carried out under stratification of cities, geographic zones, schools or nurseries.Sample size of each area was in proportion to the population of the area. The range of age was 4-14. All subjects under study were requested to fill in a questionnaire distributed by the teachers. The screening program was carried out immediately after a section survey was completed. All together, 20 000 questionnaires were distributed with 19 638 retrievals. According to the result of the screening, a small number of patients who met the criteria were further selected to undergo a detailed clinical examination in the hospital including laboratory examination, colonic transit time, defecography or/and barium enema, electromyologram and anorectal manometry to exclude organic disease of the colon. Simultaneously, a detailed questionnaire was requested to fill under the assistance of trained doctors or medical students.Prevalence of FC of the population was adjusted by the rate of correct diagnosis from the detailed study. Results The adjusted point prevalence of FC in 5 northern cities of China according to Rome Ⅲ criteria was 4.73% with higher prevalence rate of FC seen in the Beijing area (5.02%) than in other cities (4.82%, 4.76%, 4.27%, 4.40%, with P＜0.001 ). Male to female ratio was 1.26:1 with majority of the FC fell in the 4-6 year olds (5.76%). Conclusion FC appeared a common disorder in childhood in the northern parts of China which called for greater attention. Higher prevalence was noted in the age groups of 4-6.     

移动电话手机对神经行为影响调查

为研究移动电话电磁辐射对使用者神经行为的影响,对８１名拥有移动电话和６３名无移动电话的公司职员进行了调查。以问卷方式对其一般情况及健康状况,日常生活习惯,精神压力,移动电话手机使用情况,居住及工作环境状况,患病情况等进行调查,并进行核心行为测试。资料用卡方检验,逐步回归和协方差分析等。结果显示;移动电话手机使用组平均反应时间延长,使用手机年限与正确反应次数呈负相关,每日使用手机时间与最快和最慢反应     

移动电话手机对睡眠质量及抑郁影响调查

目的 研究移动电话手机电磁辐射对使用者睡眠质量及抑郁的影响。方法 对拥有移动电话手机的８８名公司职员和７７名无移动电话手机的公司职员进行调查。以问卷方式对其一般及健康状况、日常生活习惯、精神压力、移和机使用情况、居住及工作环境状况、想情况、睡眠情况、抑郁等进行调查。资料用卡方检验。多元逐步回归、多因素Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析和协方差分析。结果 移动电话使用组失眠率增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,其ＯＲ值为３     

中国北方五市儿童功能性便秘流行病学特征现况调查

目的 对中国北方城市儿童排便习惯进行调查,探讨儿童功能性便秘(FC)的患病率和流行病学特征.方法 应用分层、整群随机抽样方法对中国北方5市(北京、天津、沈阳、长春和哈尔滨)4～14岁常住儿童进行问卷调查和普查,根据普查结果按国际通用的儿童RomeⅢ标准(H3a)判断的FC检出率,再对筛出的部分儿童进行全面检查(包括结肠传输试验、钡灌肠造影、肌电图、消化道测压)以排除结肠器质性疾病,并分析儿童FC的地域、年龄和性别分布.结果 北方5市调查的19286名儿童中FC患病率为4.73%.北京地区儿童患病率(5.02%)明显高于其他地区(分别为4.82%、4.76%、4.27%和4.40%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);4～6岁为最常见的患病年龄段.分层研究表明不同地区相同年龄段儿童FC的患病率不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001),基本与总体分布接近,FC分布具有地域差异;相同地区不同年龄段儿童FC患病率不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001),基本与总体分布接近,FC分布具有年龄差异.结论 儿童FC是常见病多发病,好发于4～6岁儿童,患病率有地区差异.     

香烟烟气溶液对大鼠淋巴细胞活力的影响及抗氧化物质的干预作用

目的　了解香烟烟气溶液对大鼠淋巴细胞活力的影响 ,并探讨多种抗氧化物质的干预作用。方法以PBS作吸收液 ,用大包氏管收集香烟主流烟气 ,分别以 0、1× 10 - 3、2× 10 - 3、4× 10 - 3、8× 10 - 3、12× 10 - 3和16× 10 - 3支 毫升的香烟烟气溶液 (CSS)作用于大鼠淋巴细胞 ,2小时后加入AlamarBlue ,以其还原率评价细胞的活力。选择中作用剂量 8× 10 - 3支 毫升的香烟烟气溶液处理细胞 ,之前用维生素C(VC)、维生素E(VE)、谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、褪黑素 (MLT)、二甲基亚砜 (DMSO)等抗氧化物质预处理 ,检测细胞的AlamarBlue还原率。结果　 2× 10 - 3～ 16× 10 - 3支 毫升各组AlamarBlue还原率均显著低于对照组 ,且随CSS浓度的增高而下降。 0 0 5mmol LVC、0 2mmol LVE、0 1mmol LMLT、1mmol LGSH、1%DMSO均能显著增加CSS染毒组细胞的AlamarBlue还原率。结论　CSS能使大鼠淋巴细胞活力下降 ,VC、VE、MLT、GSH、DMSO等抗氧化物质能拮抗这种损伤作用。     

中国北方五市儿童功能性便秘流行病学特征现况调查

Objective Functional constipation (FC) is a common complaint in childhood but the prevalence still remains unclear, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of FC in childhood in the northern parts of China. Methods A screening program on FC in childhood was carried out in 5 northern cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin) of China according to symptoms under the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Random clustered sampling of the inhabitants was carried out under stratification of cities, geographic zones, schools or nurseries.Sample size of each area was in proportion to the population of the area. The range of age was 4-14. All subjects under study were requested to fill in a questionnaire distributed by the teachers. The screening program was carried out immediately after a section survey was completed. All together, 20 000 questionnaires were distributed with 19 638 retrievals. According to the result of the screening, a small number of patients who met the criteria were further selected to undergo a detailed clinical examination in the hospital including laboratory examination, colonic transit time, defecography or/and barium enema, electromyologram and anorectal manometry to exclude organic disease of the colon. Simultaneously, a detailed questionnaire was requested to fill under the assistance of trained doctors or medical students.Prevalence of FC of the population was adjusted by the rate of correct diagnosis from the detailed study. Results The adjusted point prevalence of FC in 5 northern cities of China according to Rome Ⅲ criteria was 4.73% with higher prevalence rate of FC seen in the Beijing area (5.02%) than in other cities (4.82%, 4.76%, 4.27%, 4.40%, with P＜0.001 ). Male to female ratio was 1.26:1 with majority of the FC fell in the 4-6 year olds (5.76%). Conclusion FC appeared a common disorder in childhood in the northern parts of China which called for greater attention. Higher prevalence was noted in the age groups of 4-6.     

评价改善围绝经期综合征的方法学简述

绝经是每个妇女生命进程中必然发生的生理过程,指妇女一生中最后一次月经。绝经表示卵巢功能衰退,生殖功能终止。卵巢功能衰退是一个渐进的过程,长期以来人们习惯用“更年期”一词来形容这一渐进的变更期。由于更年期定义含糊,1994年WHO提出废弃“更年期”,推荐采用“围绝经期”一词。围绝经期指从出现与绝经有关的内分泌、生物学改变和临床特征起至绝经一年内的时期。但由于“更年期”已沿用百余年,广泛流传,人们仍经常使用。围绝经期卵巢功能减退最早出现的变化是排卵功能障碍,如黄体功能不全或完全无排卵,因此最早出现的激素变化是孕激…