氯沙坦对维持性血透患者心血管保护作用的临床观察

目的 :观察氯沙坦对行维持性血透治疗的慢性肾功能衰竭 (CRF)患者心血管保护作用。方法 :6 0例维持性血透患者 (血肌酐≥ 70 0 μmol·L- 1 ) ,治疗组 (给予氯沙坦 5 0～ 10 0mg·d- 1 )及对照组 (给予非血管紧张素受体拮抗剂和非ACEI类降压药 )各 30例 ,记录用药前后各组患者血压 ,运用多普勒组织成像 (DTI)技术观察用药前后两组患者二尖瓣环峰值收缩速度 (VS)、收缩时间速度积分 (TVIS)、舒张早期速度 (VE)、舒张晚期速度 (VA)、VE VA 比值。结果 :治疗组及对照组患者治疗后血压均明显下降 ,二尖瓣环VS、TVIS、VE、VE VA ,则均明显上升 ;治疗组与对照组血压分别在治疗前、后相比并无明显差异 ;治疗前两组间二尖瓣环VS、TVIS、VE、VE VA 并无显著性差异 ,但在治疗12个月后 ,治疗组二尖瓣环VS、TVIS、VE、VE VA 则明显高于对照组。结论 :氯沙坦对行持续性血透的CRF患者具有良好的心脏保护作用 ,可有效改善其心功能 ,且不依赖于其降压作用     

Point Mutation in the Parkin Gene on Patients with Parkinson''''s Disease

Summary;To investigate the distribution of possible novel mutations from parkin gene in variant sub-set of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)in China and explore whether parkin gene plays an im-portant role in the pathogenesis of PD,70 patients were divided into early-onset group and late-onsetgroup; 70 healthy subjects were included as controls.Genomic DNA from 70 normal controls andfrom those of PD patients were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes by using standard proce-dures.Mutations of parkin gene(exon 1—12)in all the subjects were screened by PCR-single strandconformation polymorphism(SSCP),and further sequencing was performed in tue samples with ab-normal SSCP results,in order to confirm the mutation and its location.A new missense mutationGly284Arg in a patient and 3 abnormal bands in SSCP electrophoresis from samples of another 3 pa-tients were found.All the DNA variants were sourced from the samples of the patients with early-on-set PD.It was concluded that Parkin point mutation a     

胸部外伤致食管破裂的X线诊断2例报告

胸部外伤性食管破裂少见,易误诊。现将我院经X线诊断证实2例报告如下。 例1.患者男,20岁。5天前酒后骑摩托车与汽车相撞,当即昏迷,送当地医院诊治。当日患者饮水后即呕吐,为胃内容物。次日出现胸闷,呼吸困难,烦躁不安。胸透见两侧胸膜腔大量液气胸,钡餐检查见食管破裂。遂予以胸腔闭式引流转入我院。外科情况:胸廓饱满,双肺叩实,呼吸音减低,经两侧胸膜腔引流出大量带恶臭味脓液。X线检查:鉴于患者一般情况较差,予以半卧位透视,见两侧液气胸,右肺组织被压缩约10％。左侧液气胸伴多发性包裹性液气胸,肺组织压缩约40％。随即仰卧位服70％泛影葡胺100ml,见造影剂迅速经食管下段破裂处进入双侧胸膜腔,确诊为食管下段破裂,虽经积极抗感染、深静脉高营养,输血、空肠造瘘及各种支持疗法等,但因患者不配合治疗,多次趁人不备,自拔引流管及多次饮水,终因中毒性休克、呼吸循环衰竭死亡。     

变异型心绞痛的发作诱因和合并症

本文报告3例饮酒诱发变异型心绞痛者,2例发展为急性心肌梗塞,1例合并Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞.另3例无诱因的典型变异型心绞痛发作皆无合并症.上述结果提示:饮酒是变异型心绞痛发作的最常见诱因,与无诱因者相比,予后更为严重.因此,有冠状动脉痉挛倾向者如变异型心绞痛,不稳定型心绞痛,卧位或夜间发作的心绞痛等,应避免饮酒.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

锂-匹罗卡品癫(癎)模型中核转录因子的表达及干预机制

目的探讨癫发作时核转录因子(nuclear factor kappaB,NF-κB)在神经元损伤中的表达变化以及拉莫三嗪、黄芪注射液对这一过程的影响。方法干预组大鼠预处理3d后制作大鼠锂-匹罗卡品(lithi-um-pilocarpine,Li-PC)癫模型,造模后24h、3、7d应用光镜及电镜进行神经元形态学观察,利用免疫组织化学法半定量检测NF-κB的表达含量。结果与正常组比较,模型组海马内NF-κB表达明显增多(P<0.01),在24h达峰值;与模型组比较,拉莫三嗪、黄芪注射液能够使NF-κB表达增加(P<0.05)。结论NF-κB的主要作用是有利于神经元生存,拉莫三嗪、黄芪注射液可通过调控凋亡因子的表达而发挥对癫的神经元保护作用。     

中西医结合治疗皮肤粘膜淋巴结综合征

皮肤粘膜淋巴结综合征(川畸氏病)的病因至今未明,认为与病毒、细菌、立克次体或原虫有关。最近研究认为是某种超淋巴性感染因子即逆转录病毒(retro Virus)与本病关系更为密切。主要病变为全身各脏器血管炎性改变,发病急、病情重、病程长,临床症状表现不一。其特点为持续性高热5天以上;眼结合膜充血,唇红而干裂,口腔粘膜充血,扬梅舌,躯干有多形性红斑,急性非化脓性淋巴结炎等。     

自制离心泵在猪原位肝移植术体外静脉转流中的应用

目的比较观察自制简易离心泵和进口离心泵在猪原位肝移植术体外静脉转流中的应用.方法 28头猪原位肝移植手术,根据体外静脉转流时采用离心泵的不同将受体猪分两组, A组采用进口离心泵,B组采用自制离心泵.观察无肝前期、无肝期开始时,无肝期开始后 5,30 min 和新肝开放后 30 min 等5个时点的静脉引流情况和血流动力学变化.结果两组无肝期静脉引流均较充分,表现为无肝期间肠管颜色红润;转流中尿量足;两组各时点血流动力学无明显差异. 结论该院自制的离心泵用于猪原位肝移植实验无肝期的体外静脉转流,血液引流充分,能基本替代进口离心泵用于动物实验.     

脑干脑炎27例MRI与MRS的临床分析

目的 探讨脑干脑炎MRI、MRS及临床特点。方法 对27例脑干脑炎发病年龄、临床特点、MRI与 MRS及药物疗效进分析,并结合文献对病因、MRI与治疗方法进行探讨。结果 病前有上呼吸道或消化道症状,男女发病率相等,以青壮年居多,多侵犯脑桥,以单侧第Ⅵ、Ⅶ脑神经损害最多见,锥体束受损较轻,MRI及强化对诊断有一定价值,MRS可监测病灶部位代谢改变,对判断预后有一定帮助。     

构音障碍、吞咽困难、饮水呛咳

1　病例摘要患者 ,女 ,3 5岁。因构音障碍、吞咽困难、饮水呛咳 15天 ,加重 3天 ,于 2 0 0 2年 2月 13日收入院。患者于入院前 15天无诱因出现轻度构音障碍 ,伴吞咽困难、饮水呛咳 ,但尚可进流质食物。无头痛、呕吐、肢体活动障碍及抽搐。入院前 7天患者自己发现左侧大腿上部有一个米粒大小的结节。于入院前 3天构音障碍、吞咽困难加重 ,不能进食而入院。入院后第2天开始出现发热 ,体温波动在 3 7～ 3 8℃之间 ;并在右侧上腹部发现一个无痛的花生米大小的结节。入院后第 7天 ,已完全发不出声 ,不能吞咽 ,伴明显乏力 ,体重减轻约 2 kg。入院…