Spurious hyperchloremia and decreased anion gap in a patient with dextromethorphan bromide.

Although cold syrup containing dextromethorpan bromide is widely administered, the bromism due to cold syrup has not been reported. We report a patient who had negative anion gap with hyperchloremia and conscious loss because of daily intake of cold complex syrup (containing dextromethorphan bromide 0.4 mg/ml, acetaminophen 8.33 mg/ml) for headache for 4-5 years. The bromide content in cold complex syrup resulted in serum levels of bromide that interfered with the automated analyzers for chloride content. When conscious change is due to bromism, hemodialysis instead of forced hydration and diuresis should be performed immediately. Therefore, patients with a markedly negative anion gap with hyperchloremia should be considered as having halide intoxication.     

Effect of magnesium lithosperamate B on D-galactosamine induced liver injury in rats

Treated the experimental acute liver injury rat induced by D-galactosamine with magnesium lithosperamate-B could significantly lower the serum activity of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, relieve the necrosis of hepatocytes and elevate the levels of products of arachidonic acid (6-ke-to-prostaglandin 1α, prostaglandin D₂ and the total prostaglandin) in liver. These results suggested that magnesium lithosperamate B was one of the main components ofSalvia miltiorrzae in treating liver injury, the action on elevating the total prostaglandin in liver might be its mechanism.     

胰岛素及其受体在肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的　探讨肾缺血再灌注 (IR)过程中胰岛素及其受体的作用。方法　采用钳夹肾动脉的方法建造急性缺血再灌注肾损伤模型。将大耳白兔分为对照组、单纯缺血再灌注组 (IR组 )、胰岛素处理组 (Ins+IR组 ) 3组 ,Ins+IR组再灌注的同时给予胰岛素溶液 (Ins3U/ kg.wt) ,而对照组和 IR组则给予等量生理盐水。测定各组动物的血糖、血清胰岛素水平及肾组织胰岛素受体高、低亲和力常数 (Kd1 ,Kd2 )和高、低亲和力受体最大结合容量(Bmax1 ,Bmax2 )。结果　缺血再灌注 2 h后 ,3组动物血糖值、血清胰岛素水平均较术前显著升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,IR组尤为显著 ,IR组 Kd1 、Kd2 、Bmax1 、Bmax2 均较对照组显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,Ins+IR组仅 Bmax2 较对照组显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;4 8h后 ,3组动物血糖值恢复至正常水平 ,对照组胰岛素水平恢复至正常水平 ,IR组也较 2 h时明显下降(P<0 .0 5 ) ,但仍明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,3组动物 Kd1 、Bmax1 值无差异 ,Ins+IR组 Bmax2 仍维持较低水平 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,Ins组 Kd2 明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　在肾 IR过程中 ,内源性胰岛素的作用减弱 ,外源性胰岛素对肾组织高亲和力受体位点无下降调节作用 ,但胰岛素可引起低亲和力受体数目的下调。胰岛素减轻 IR肾损伤的作用主要是     

胃窦粘膜生长抑素含量与胃、十二指肠疾病的关系

应用放射免疫方法测定１６６例接受胃镜检查者的胃窦部粘膜的生长抑素（ＳＳ）含量，比较几种胃、十二指肠疾病患者与正常人的差异，并探讨胃窦粘膜ＳＳ含量与胃窦部病理改变及幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）感染之间的关系。结果显示：胃溃疡、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃癌患者胃窦部粘膜ＳＳ含量明显低于正常对照组；胃窦部粘膜出现肠上皮化生和不典型增生改变者ＳＳ含量明显低于不伴这些改变者；ＳＳ含量与ＨＰ感染关系不明显。     

CCl4和PS两种SD大鼠模型肝纤维化进程时效关系对比研究

目的　比较CCl4 法和PS法两种肝纤维化制模方法在肝纤维化形成进程中时效关系和病理学特征。方法　采用CCl4 和PS法制作SD大鼠肝纤维化模型 ,分别观察在造模第 6、10、14、2 0周时肝脏组病学特征 ,Masson三色染色和计算机图像分析系统进行分析。结果　CCl4 法于制模第 6周即可见肝脏假小叶形成 ,于第 10周始最为典型 ;随着假小叶的形成和造模方法停止 ,肝脏病理结构变化趋于稳定 ;肝细胞脂肪变性尤为突出 ,与模型制作进程相平行。PS法于造模第 10周即造模结束时方见纤维间隔形成 ,造模虽已停止但肝纤维化进程加速完成 ,肝组织分隔严重 ,假小叶形成较多并进展到第 2 0周 ;制模自始至终 ,肝细胞未见明显脂肪变性。结论　CCl4 和PS两种制模方法在肝纤维化形成进程中所表现出的时效关系和病理特征有所不同 ,提示两种制模方法在形成肝纤维化机制方面有所不同。结合使用两种方法研究肝纤维化更为合理 ;以抗肝纤维化干预因子进行干预研究时 ,干预因子的持续时间宜延长至肝纤维化形成之高峰期或之后 ,持续时间至少 14周 ;预防和治疗用药干预研究时 ,其起始时间宜分别以造模开始前 4周和造模停止前 4周为宜     

Effects of Nephritis No.3 Recipe on Nitric Oxide,Nitric Oxide Synthase Secreted by Cultured Mesangial Cells in Rats and the Gene Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

Objective:To explore the effect of the Nephritis No.3(N-3)recipe on nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(NOS)secreted by cultured mesangial cells(MC)and its gene expression of the in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Methods:The drug(nephritis No.3)-containing serum was preparedwith serum pharmacological technique,and then was applied to react on mesangial cells cultured In fetalcalf serum(FCS)and cells cultured in FCS plus lipopolysaccharide.To observe the secretion of NO andNOS and the gene expression of iNOS by means of RT-PCR.Results:Under the two kinds of culture con-ditions,the content of NO and NOS in the groups with drug-containing serum were higher than thosewithout drug-containing serum(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of iNOS mRNA was up-regula-ted too.Conclusion:The N-3 could significantly promote the secretion of NO and NOS and the mRNA ex-pression of iNOS in rats.     

Immunohistochemical localization of Na,K-ATPase in the in situ lens, cultured human lens epithelium and lentoid.

The localization of Na,K-ATPase in the lens is quite controversial. We explored this problem through immunoelectron microscopic examination of rat and human lens. Unlike previously reported results, we have found that Na,K-ATPase is localized in the basal plasma membrane, but not in the lateral or apical plasma membrane of both rat and human lens epithelium. The lens fiber lacked immunoreaction. Localization of Na,K-ATPase was also investigated in the cultured human lens epithelium and in lentoid. Immunoreaction was detected in the apical (facing the media) plasma membrane of the lens epithelium cultured on the lens capsule, whereas the reaction was observable in both apical and basal plasma membrane of the lens epithelium cultured on the biopore membrane filters. Immunoreaction in lentoid was observed in the surface plasma membrane. These data indicate that the polarized distribution seen in the in situ lens epithelium changes when these cells are cultured, and that Na,K-ATPase in the cultured lens cells including lentoid is located in the plasma membrane which is in contact with the growth media. This change in polarity of Na,K-ATPase distribution in cultured epithelial cells may be dictated by the need to maintain ion homeostasis by extrusion of sodium ions across the cell membrane facing the media.     

活体胃血供的特点及其临床意义

目的 了解活体胃血供的特点，旨在探索中晚期胃癌的局部灌注化疗方法。方法 对36例胃溃疡患者在行胃大部切除治疗时，进行亚甲蓝染色，观察活体胃各分支动脉自然血供区域和血流阻断后血供范围的变化。结果 术中见左、右胃网膜动脉和左、右胃动脉分别为胃大、小弯近、远段相应区域提供血液，胃壁组织染色时间很短；阻断动脉血流后，染色范围扩展，染色时间延长；阻断伴行静脉后，染色范围进一步扩展，染色时间再度延长。结论 胃左动脉和胃网膜右动脉为胃血供的主要动脉，其他动脉分支为辅助性动脉；一般情况下，经动脉灌注的亚甲蓝在胃组织停留时间极短；阻断伴行静脉后，可使该染料在组织停留时间延长。推测此法可使化疗药物在胃组织中存留时间延长，从而有利于胃癌的局部化疗。