甘肃省白银市职业暴露人群及外环境高致病性禽流感监测分析

目的了解甘肃省白银市禽流感职业暴露人群感染情况及外环境禽流感病毒H5、H7和H9亚型污染状况,为人禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法选择禽类养殖业较为发达地区作为监测场所,采集职业暴露人群血清标本以及外环境标本,利用马红细胞血凝抑制实验(HI)检测血清标本H5、H7禽流感抗体,对外环境标本进行禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果 290份外环境标本中禽流感病毒核酸检测阳性49份,阳性率为16.90%,其中H9阳性48份,H7可疑阳性1份;不同时间(χ2=21.655)和不同类型标本(χ2=16.934)阳性率差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),不同监测场所阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.203,P0.05);200份职业暴露人群血清H5、H7血凝素抗体检测均为阴性。结论白银市职业暴露人群尚未发现高致病禽流感病毒隐性感染,外环境中H9亚型禽流感病毒普遍存在,城乡活禽市场和家禽规模养殖厂均是禽流感病毒的集散地;健全活禽交易市场和农贸市场检疫制度的同时,还应加强禽类养殖场的防疫工作。     

电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜蛋白质组的影响

目的:研究电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜蛋白质组的影响,分析电针治疗类风湿关节炎的作用机制。方法:在大鼠右后足掌面由掌腱膜向踝关节处皮下注入0.1 m L弗氏完全佐剂,诱发佐剂性关节炎大鼠模型。并用0.25 mm×40 mm针灸针刺入大鼠一侧"足三里"和"昆仑"穴,深度为5 mm,并连接HANS电针仪进行电针治疗,调节电针仪频率2 Hz,强度2 m A,每天1次,每次30 min,连续针灸28日后,检测各组大鼠足跖肿胀度和痛阈的变化,并分离大鼠滑膜总蛋白质,用双向电泳法建立蛋白质组图谱,经Image Master 2D 6.0软件进行分析后,筛选差异表达的蛋白质进行质谱鉴定。结果:佐剂性关节炎大鼠经电针"足三里"、"昆仑"穴治疗28日后,大鼠足跖肿胀度明显下降,痛阈值增加。蛋白质组学方法分析了电针治疗前后关节炎大鼠滑膜蛋白质组的变化,共筛选并鉴定了20个差异蛋白质,其中表皮生长因子、F-box蛋白、WDR74蛋白、内质网蛋白29、磷酸丙糖异构酶、成纤维细胞生长因子1型受体、醛脱氢酶、酪氨酸激酶、GTP酶、GTP酶、肌球蛋白轻链、尿嘧啶核苷合成酶、ATP合成酶、细胞色素P450、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶、核苷二磷酸激酶B、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂B、乙醛脱氢酶表达量降低,而二甲基腺苷转移酶和葡萄糖转运体4表达量增加。结论:电针刺激"足三里"和"昆仑"穴对佐剂性关节炎具有较好的疗效,其机制可能是通过调节滑膜细胞信号传导、下调细胞内能量代谢和核苷酸生物合成,从而抑制滑膜增生。     

Making the invisible visible: Implementing an implicit bias activity in nursing education

BackgroundImplicit bias (IB) is a pervasive phenomenon that negatively impacts health outcomes. IB is unconscious bias that operates at a level in which the individual is not aware of its existence. There is no requirement to include IB content in nursing education.PurposeWe sought to raise awareness of IB and its influence on health outcomes and support a discussion on ways to mitigate the impact of IB.MethodsThrough preparatory and interactive activities, students became familiar with IB and its effects on health outcomes, completed a self-assessment using the Implicit Association Test, and engaged in a faculty-facilitated discussion. This activity was implemented at four institutions in the United States and included 110 students at the BSN, MSN and DNP levels.ResultsThe activity received positive evaluations. A majority of students reported the preparatory learning activities were helpful, increased awareness of their biases and felt recognition of their IB would be helpful in managing their nursing care. Student narratives are also described in this report.ConclusionsInclusion of IB content in nursing education is acceptable to students and faculty. The content is best included at multiple points in the course of study.     

Short-Term Jump Activity on Bone Metabolism in Female College-Aged Nonathletes

There have been few studies examining the short-term effect of high-impact activities on bone metabolism measured by bone serum marker concentrations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term high-impact jump activity on bone turnover in female college-aged non-athletes. Twenty six healthy females were randomly assigned to a control or jump group. The subjects jumped 5 days per week for 2 weeks. The participants completed 10 jumps per session. A general health questionnaire and a bone-specific physical activity assessment instrument (BPAQ) were completed. BPAQ scores were calculated based on the past history of exercise. Blood draws were taken in both groups before and after the two-week experimental period. The vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) of all jumps and jump height were measured for each subject daily and the osteogenic index (OI) was measured. Concentrations of serum osteocalcin (OC), Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BAP), C-Terminal Telopeptides of Type I Collagen (CTX) and plasma Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP5b) were assessed pre and post jump protocol to measure bone formation and resoprtion respectively. A significant interaction (time x group) was found in TRAP5b, and BAP values (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in CTX and BAP values in the jump group (p < 0.05) after the two week jump protocol. No significant interactions or changes were observed in OC values for either the jump or the control group. Two weeks of jump activity consisting of 10 jumps/day for 5 days/week with a weekly osteogenic index of 52.6 significantly decreased markers of bone resorption (TRAP5b and CTX) and bone formation (BAP) in young female non-athletes.

Key points

• Please provide 3-5 bullet points of the study.
• Inductive qualitative methodologies can encourage the much-needed voice of female youth in sport and physical activity research.
• Vignettes serve, not only as a method to illustrate data, but also as a medium to teach contextually relevant information to participants and sport science service providers.
• The barriers and solutions to female youth engagement in physical activity are best understood through the perspectives of the intended participant.
• Female youth can serve as central informants in the development and analysis of research projects relating to female youth physical activity.

Key words: Jump exercise, vertical ground reaction force, bone serum markers, randomized controlled study     

化疗及序贯放疗后手术治疗局部晚期食管癌30例分析

目的探讨应用紫杉醇＋顺铂方案化疗及序贯放疗后,再行手术治疗局部晚期食管鳞癌的近期疗效。方法局部晚期食管鳞癌患者30例,应用紫杉醇＋顺铂方案化疗2个周期后,序贯常规剂量分割放疗40Oy,放疗结束4周行食管癌切除＋重建消化道术;评定术前放、化疗疗效,观察放、化疗不良反应及手术切除率、病理客观缓解率、并发症发生率、术后病死率。结果30例均完成术前放、化疗,临床有效率为83．3％;2例不接受手术者继续放、化疗,余28例手术治疗者中1例侵犯主动脉未能切除,27例行根治性切除,手术切除率96．4％;术后并发肺部感染8例,吻合口瘘2例,声音嘶哑1例,吻合口狭窄1例,围手术期死于急性呼吸窘迫综合征1例。结论局部晚期食管鳞癌患者在紫杉醇＋顺铂方案化疗及序贯放疗后行手术治疗,可提高临床有效率和手术切除率。     

严重冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄单纯肾动脉成形术的可行性——附17例随访分析

目的探讨严重冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄病人,姑息性单纯行肾动脉成形术(PTRA)及支架植入术的可行性.方法选取17例(14男,3女);入选时年龄58～77岁,平均(67.5±1.3)岁,严重冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄的未行冠脉搭桥及经皮冠脉成形术的病人,采用PTRA及支架治疗,并对病人的心功能、心绞痛发作次数以及心脏超声心动图观察左室射血分数(LVEF)等进行12～18个月,平均(14.7±3.1)个月的随访.结果随访中心绞痛发作次数由每周(11.0±1.6)次发展为(4.8±0.9)次(P＜0.01),12例病人心功能由原来Ⅲ级变为Ⅱ级,5例心功能没变,无1例心功能恶化;心脏超声心动图查LVEF(37.6±6.7)%发展为(45.3±9.1)%(P＜0.01);SF-36调查表中评分总分由(65.3±4.5)分好转为(97.3±12.8)分(P＜0.01),在评分中的健康和日常活动、自我感觉、总的健康情况部分也有明显好转(P＜0.01).结论严重冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄病人,如病人按目前条件不能行冠脉搭桥获冠脉成形术,姑息性单纯行肾动脉成形术及支架植入术是可行的.     

不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆胰岛素生长因子-1与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:探讨无糖尿病的不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者血浆胰岛素(INS)样生长因子(IGF)-1与INS抵抗(IR)的关系。方法:42例无糖尿病的UAP患者(UAP组)与30例非冠心病患者(对照组)比较,行75g葡萄糖口服耐量试验,测定空腹、餐后30min、餐后120min血糖、INS、IGF-1水平。结果:UAP组和对照组伴IR患者分别为26例和12例(P<0·05),UAP组中,伴IR与不伴IR者比较,空腹、餐后30min、餐后120minIGF-1明显降低(均P<0·05);HOMA-INS敏感指数(HOMA-ISI)、HOMA-IR指数(HOMA-IRI)分别明显增高和降低(P<0·05)。相关分析显示HOMA-IRI与体质指数(BMI)呈正相关(r=0·353,P<0·05);与空腹及餐后120minIGF-1和IGF-1曲线下面积(IGF-1AUC)呈负相关。多重逐步回归分析显示,HOMA-IRI=0·45722BMI-0·34285IGF-1空腹。结论:IGF-1与无糖尿病的UAP患者IR存在密切关系。     

早期亚低温联合神经节苷脂治疗新生儿H IE 的疗效观察与研究

目的：观察早期亚低温联合单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂治疗对新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病（H IE ）的临床疗效。方法：将90例 H IE患儿随机分为两组,对照组（45例）给予对症、支持治疗,观察组（45例）在对症、支持治疗基础上加用单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂联合早期亚低温治疗。观察两组患儿治疗前、后临床表现、新生儿神经行为评分（NB-NA）、CT表现等指标。结果：治疗后观察组与对照组相比较,患儿治疗前、后的心率恢复好于后者（P＜0．05）;治疗后NBNA评分,观察组明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）;观察组治疗后脑CT正常增多,异常减少。结论：早期亚低温联合神经节苷脂对新生儿HIE的疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

子午流注开穴疗法治疗肝郁气滞型功能性消化不良的疗效观察

目的观察子午流注开穴疗法对肝郁气滞型功能性消化不良(FD)的疗效。方法符合FD诊断标准的病例120例,随机均分为3组,分别采用子午流注开穴疗法治疗、中药治疗和西药治疗,观察并比较3组的主症积分和临床疗效,以及胃电节律的变化和胃肠激素检测值。结果 (1)子午流注开穴疗法组、中药组、西药组的平均疗效指数分别为97.5%、95.0%、92.5%,组间比较有显著性差异(P0.01);(2)3组治疗后早饱、脘腹痞满、纳呆、脘腹灼热症状积分比较,治疗组与西药组比较有显著性差异(P0.05或P0.01);(3)子午流注开穴疗法组能明显提高患者的胃电主频率、增高电幅值、减低胃电节律紊乱系数,与西药组比较具有显著性差异(P0.01);(4)子午流注开穴疗法组能够有效地提高患者血清胃泌素、血浆胃动素水平,与西药组比较具有显著性差异(P0.01);降低患者血浆血管活性肠肽、胆囊收缩素水平,与中药组、西药组比较均具有显著性差异(P0.01)。结论子午流注开穴疗法治疗肝郁气滞型FD具有良好的疗效,值得临床推广及进一步深入研究。