胃肠道间质瘤诊断方法的研究进展

胃肠道间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumor，GIST）是起源于胃肠道间叶组织的肿瘤，由于GIST存在恶性潜能，且多数GIST患者无明显临床症状，所以GIST的早期发现、诊断和治疗显得尤为重要。GIST通常在内窥镜、超声内镜（endoscopic ultrasound，EUS）检查中发现。GIST的诊断取决于形态学和免疫组织化学染色，因此组织样本的充足性是其关键。近年来，新的成像技术的应用和分子生物学的发展提高了GIST的诊断准确率，并为GIST的预后及辅助治疗提供了依据。     

不同TGF-β表达量的hAMSCs尾静脉移植对异种周围神经移植小鼠坐骨神经功能的影响

目的探讨不同转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达量的人羊膜间充质干细胞(hAMSCs)尾静脉移植对异种周围神经移植小鼠坐骨神经功能的恢复作用。方法从健康剖宫产产妇志愿捐献的新鲜羊膜中分离出hAMSCs,并进行纯化及鉴定。构建上调和下调TGF-β表达的慢病毒质粒,并转染纯化的hAMSCs,构建出稳定的上调或下调TGF-β表达的hAMSCs。分离并剪去C57BL/6小鼠的部分坐骨神经,将SD大鼠的坐骨神经分离剪取并移植至小鼠的坐骨神经缺损处,构建出异种周围神经移植小鼠模型。将模型小鼠按随机数字表分为对照组、未修饰的hAMSCs治疗组、高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组、低表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组,每组10只。各组于造模前1 d分别经尾静脉注射磷酸盐缓冲液或相应的hAMSCs重悬液进行移植治疗。于治疗后第14天时采用DigGait步态分析系统评估各组小鼠的坐骨神经功能恢复情况。结果治疗后第14天时,高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组小鼠的坐骨神经功能指数(-25.820±0.286)明显高于低表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组(-33.413±0.920)和未修饰的hAMSCs治疗组(-30.755±0.421),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs尾静脉移植能够更有效地改善异种周围神经移植小鼠的坐骨神经功能,其可能成为周围神经损伤治疗的新突破口。     

Analysis of Risk and Burden of Dysentery Associated with Floods from 2004 to 2010 in Nanning,China

This study aimed to examine the association between floods and the morbidity of dysentery and to quantify the burden of dysentery due to floods in Nanning, China. A generalized additive mixed model was conducted to assess the relationship between monthly morbidity of dysentery and floods from 2004 to 2010. The years lived with disability (YLDs) of dysentery attributable to floods were then estimated based on the WHO framework of the burden of disease study for calculating the potential impact fraction. The relative risk (RR) of floods on the morbidity of dysentery was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–1.75). The models suggest that a potential 1-day rise in flood duration may lead to 8% (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12) increase in the morbidity of dysentery. The average attributable YLD per 1,000 of dysentery caused by floods were 0.013 in males, 0.005 in females, and 0.009 in persons. Our study confirms that floods have significantly increased the risk and the burden of dysentery in the study area. Public health action should be taken to prevent and control the potential risk of dysentery after floods. Vulnerable groups such as males and children should be paid more attention.     

“医教研”三轴联动培养医学检验技术专业应用型人才的改革思路与实践

医学检验技术隶属医学技术一级学科，注重技术型人才培养。该专业教育目前存在重理论知识教学、轻实践技能培训，部分课程实用性不强，毕业生专业素质欠缺等问题。本研究将“教学”“临床”“科研”三轴结合，通过完善师资队伍，增加实验课程、临床技能和科研实训比例；依托“验证→综合→设计”实验、实验室开放和本科生科研竞赛等抓手，开展专业人才培养工作；取得较好教育成效，对检验学科发展也有一定助益。     

Dexamethasone treatment attenuates early seawater instillation-induced acute lung injury in rabbits.

There is very little evidence on the value of giving corticoids in cases of seawater drowning induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether dexamethasone treatment can attenuate seawater instillation-induced acute lung injury in rabbits. Seawater (4 ml/kg body weight) was instilled into the lower trachea of ventilated, anesthetized rabbits. Then these rabbits were assigned randomly 20 min later to receive intravenous injection of 1mg/kg body weight of dexamethasone (dissolving in 2 ml of normal saline) or 2 ml of normal saline. All animals demonstrated immediate drops in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and the total thoracic compliance, which were significantly improved after 2 h of dexamethasone treatment. Histopathological study also indicated that dexamethasone treatment markedly attenuated lung histopathological changes, alveolar hemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltration with evidence of decreasing of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration in lung tissue. In addition, dexamethasone treatment reduced extravascular lung water and lung epithelial-endothelial barrier permeability, up-regulated the expression of surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and alpha-epithelial Na+ channel, and increased Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity and Na+/K+-ATPase-alpha1 protein abundance. Thus, these data indicate that dexamethasone treatment might be of benefit in patients with seawater aspiration-induced ALI.     

吸入不同浓度异氟醚对喉返神经肌电活动的影响

目的观察不同浓度的异氟醚吸入对喉返神经肌电活动的影响。方法30例择期甲状腺手术患者,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,采用异氟醚吸入复合静脉麻醉。于分离甲状腺前诱导恢复自主呼吸,调整异氟醚呼出浓度为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7MAC时,观察血压、心率及喉返神经肌电活动波的振幅变化,记录喉返神经肌电波形振幅等于100μV时的异氟醚呼出浓度。结果当异氟醚呼出浓度为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4MAC时,喉返神经肌电活动显示良好,当异氟醚呼出浓度为0.5、0.6、0.7MAC时,喉返神经肌电活动振幅降低,随异氟醚吸入浓度增高直至消失。结论低浓度异氟醚吸入,基本不会影响喉返神经功能的监控。