亚急性甲状腺炎的CT诊断

目的:探讨亚急性甲状腺炎的CT表现和特点,提高对该病影像表现的认识。材料和方法:回顾性分析10例亚急性甲状腺炎CT影像特征及临床资料,共16个病灶,其中9例经手术病理证实,1例临床证实。同时抽取局限型甲状腺癌65例,就部分征象作对照分析。结果:亚急性甲状腺炎局限性3例,弥漫性7例。CT表现分3型:①局限于甲状腺一侧叶的低密度病变,病变甲状腺肿大,峡部可受累,3例;②甲状腺两叶各有一低密度病变,呈不对称肿大,病灶之间有正常甲状腺组织,6例共12个病灶;③甲状腺两叶及岬部均匀肿大,略不对称,1例。CT平扫病变为低密度,增强扫描后呈轻到中度均匀强化(15/16),腺内更低密度结节少见(1/16)。病变处甲状腺边缘模糊(16/16),与正常甲状腺组织界限不清(15/16),而局限型甲状腺癌病灶与正常甲状腺腺组织分界清楚(62/65),两者极不一样(P<0.01)。结论:亚急性甲状腺炎CT表现有一定特点,熟悉这些特点对于诊断及鉴别诊断很有帮助。     

双J管临床应用及美蓝在置管术中的作用

目的探讨双J管(双J输尿管支架管)在泌尿系疾病治疗中的应用效果以及美蓝在置放术中的作用。方法对215例患者采用放置双J管作内支架和内引流治疗,近期48例术中以美蓝协助定位。结果术后留置尿管5~7d,无切口感染、尿瘘等并发症。术后1~3个月拔除双J管,随访3~6个月,肾功能、肾积水明显好转,吻合口通畅。以美蓝协助定位者无双J管上移致拔管困难。结论双J管具有内支架和内引流作用,操作简单,引流效果好,并发症少,缩短住院时间。以美蓝协助定位,值得推广应用。     

Liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis

Aim: To examine the survival benefit of liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis and the potential prognostic factors that affect patient survival. Methods: All patients who had resection of lung or liver metastasis for colorectal metastasis in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong from 1995 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The overall and disease‐free survival was analysed, in particularly between liver and lung metastasis. All factors that may have affected the survival were entered into Cox's proportional hazards regression model to identify significant variables associated with survival. Results: At 5 years, the overall survival of patients who had resection of lung and liver metastasis was 44% and 38%, respectively; the disease‐free survival was 26% and 24%, respectively. Overall and disease‐free survival of patients with resection of lung metastasis was comparable to those with resection of liver metastasis. The differentiations of primary tumour and time to metastasis were shown to be significant prognostic factors influencing overall survival. Those patients with systemic chemotherapy after resection of colorectal metastasis demonstrated a significantly higher probability of overall survival. Conclusion: Resection of lung and liver metastases from colorectal origin was safe and both procedures improved survival. The use of chemotherapy after resection of metastasis significantly improved the overall survival.     

Chemical warfare agents

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points

• Chemical personal protective equipment must be wornwhen in contact with contaminated casualties.
• Recognizing theclinical features of chemical warfare agent poisoning allowssupportive treatment and appropriate antidotes to be promptlyadministered.
• The mnemonic DUMBELS describes the muscarinicfeatures of the nerve agent poisoning toxidrome.
• There areeffective antidotes for poisoning with nerve agents, blood agents(metabolic poisons), botulinum toxin and kolokol-1.
• There areno specific antidotes for blistering agents (vesicants) andchoking agents.

  Chemical warfare (CW) agents are chemical substances that havea direct toxic effect on plants, animals and humans. Classifiedaccording to their physiological effects, agents effective againsthumans include nerve agents, blistering agents (vesicants),blood agents, choking agents and toxins. Incapacitating, vomiting,psychoactive and riot control agents (e.g. CS gas) also exist.¹ All personnel in contact with contaminated casualties must wearthe appropriate level of chemical personal protective equipment(CPPE) until adequate decontamination is . . . [Full Text of this Article]