Expression of Anion Exchanger 1 Sequestrates p16 in the Cytoplasm in Gastric and Colonic Adenocarcinoma

p16^INK4A (p16) binds to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 and negatively regulates cell growth. Recent studies have led to an understanding of additional biologic functions for p16; however, the detailed mechanisms involved are still elusive. In this article, we show an unexpected expression of anion exchanger 1 (AE1) in the cytoplasm in poorly and moderately differentiated gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma cells and in its interaction with p16, thereby sequestrating the protein in the cytoplasm. Genetic alterations of p16 and AE1 were not detectable. Forced expression of AE1 in these cells sequestrated more p16 in the cytoplasm, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of AE1 in the cells induced the release of p16 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to cell death and growth inhibition of tumor cells. By analyzing tissue samples obtained from patients with gastric and colonic cancers, we found that 83.33% of gastric cancers and 56.52% of colonic cancers coexpressed AE1 and p16 in the cytoplasm. We conclude that AE1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma and that p16 dysfunction is a novel pathway of carcinogenesis.     

MRI在帕金森病中的应用进展

帕金森病(PD)是常见的中老年期运动障碍,临床表现主要为静止性震颤、肌僵直、运动迟缓和姿势反射障碍等.长期以来,对PD的诊断主要依靠临床表现,缺少客观的实验室诊断依据,使得对早期或亚临床期PD的诊断比较困难.     

Alice in Wonderland syndrome as a presenting symptom of EBV infection

Four Chinese patients (2 boys, 2 girls), ages 4–9 years, who had episodes of perception error of body schema and objects are reported. The metamorphopsia, which had been named Alice in Wonderland syndrome, is the major presentation. All of them were proved to have acute Epstein-Barr virus infection, as documented by positive heterophil antibody test and/or positive IgM antibody to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen. The duration of the perception disorder ranged from 1 week to 3 months. We believe that any young child presenting with Alice in Wonderland syndrome should undergo examination for Epstein-Barr virus infection; complete recovery from the disorder can be expected.     

Radiographic manifestations and pathologic basis of parosteal osteosarcoma. Analysis of 17 cases.

The authors reviewed the radiographic manifestations of 17 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma, with pathologic correlation in 15. There were two types of parosteal osteosarcoma radiologically. The majority of cases were type I with uniformly dense masses which had regular borders. They often adhered to the cortex and showed no evidence of soft-tissue invasion which correlated with low-grade pathologic malignancy and a relatively benign clinical course. Type II involved the bone, soft-tissue and the medullary cavity. These lesions were poorly differentiated and frequently accompanied by metastatic lesions.

     

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1甲状腺功能亢进甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)是指由于血循环中甲状腺素过多所造成的一种综合征。其病因常见有Graves'病(格雷夫斯病)又称毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿,新生儿甲状腺毒症(neonatal thyrotoxicosis),自身免疫性甲状腺炎,选择性T4抵抗综合征,功能自主性甲状腺结节,促甲状腺素(TSH)依赖性甲亢,激活TSH受体突变等。1.1Graves'病是一种甲状腺素分泌过多的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,<5岁儿童较少见,大多发生于10岁以后,女性发病为男性5倍,60%病例有甲状腺疾病家族史。发生率每年约0·8/10万[1],病因尚不完全明确,大多数认为在遗传基础上因感染…     

Retrolisthesis and lumbar disc herniation: a preoperative assessment of patient function.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Retrolisthesis is relatively rare but when present has been associated with increased back pain and impaired back function. Neither the prevalence of this condition in individuals with lumbar disc herniations nor its possible relation to preoperative back pain and dysfunction has been well studied. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the prevalence of retrolisthesis (alone or in combination with other degenerative conditions) in individuals with confirmed L5-S1 disc herniation who later underwent lumbar discectomy; (2) to determine if there is any association between retrolisthesis and degenerative changes within the same vertebral motion segment; and (3) to determine the relation between retrolisthesis (alone or in combination with other degenerative conditions) and preoperative low back pain, physical function, and quality of life. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Cross-sectional study. PATIENT SAMPLE: A total of 125 individuals were identified for incorporation into this study. All patients had confirmed L5-S1 disc herniation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and later underwent L5-S1 discectomy. All patients were enrolled in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) study; data were obtained from the multi-institutional database comprised of SPORT patients from across the United States. OUTCOME MEASURES: Retrolisthesis, degenerative change on MRI, and Modic changes. METHODS: MRI scans of the lumbar spine were assessed at spinal level L5-S1 for all 125 patients. Retrolisthesis was defined as posterior subluxation of 8% or more. Disc degeneration was defined as any loss of disc signal on T2 imaging. Modic changes were graded 1 to 3 and collectively classified as vertebral endplate degenerative changes. The presence of facet arthropathy and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy was classified jointly as posterior degenerative changes. RESULTS: The overall incidence of retrolisthesis at L5-S1 in our study was 23.2%. Retrolisthesis combined with posterior degenerative changes, degenerative disc disease, or vertebral endplate changes had incidences of 4.8%, 16%, and 4.8% respectively. The prevalence of retrolisthesis did not vary by sex, age, race, smoking status, or education level when compared with individuals with normal sagittal alignment. However, individuals with retrolisthesis were more likely to be receiving workers' compensation than those without retrolisthesis. Increased age was found to be associated with individuals having vertebral endplate degenerative changes (both alone and in conjunction with retrolisthesis) and degenerative disc disease. Individuals who had retrolisthesis with concomitant vertebral endplate degenerative changes were more often smokers and had no insurance. The presence of retrolisthesis was not associated with an increased incidence of having degenerative disc disease, posterior degenerative changes, or vertebral endplate changes. No statistical significance was found between the presence of retrolisthesis on the degree of patient preoperative low back pain and physical function. Patients with degenerative disc disease were found to have increased leg pain compared with those patients without degenerative disc changes. CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant relationship between retrolisthesis in patients with L5-S1 disc herniation and worse baseline pain or function. It is possible that the contribution of pain or dysfunction related to retrolisthesis was far overshadowed by the presence of symptoms caused by the concomitant disc herniation. It remains to be seen whether retrolisthesis will affect outcome after discectomy in these patients.     

颅咽管瘤全切除术后钠代谢紊乱及处理

目的分析颅咽管瘤全切除术后钠代谢紊乱的病理生理、诊断及处理。方法对我科86例巨大颅咽管瘤(直径>3.5cm)全切除患者进行回顾性分析,根据血钠、尿钠、渗透压以及中心静脉压等确定钠代谢紊乱类型,并进行相应处理。结果发生低钠血症29例(33.7％,29/86)、高钠血症13例(15.1％,13/86)、高钠及低钠血症交替9例(10.5％,9/86)。高钠及低钠血症平均开始时间分别为术后(2.3±0.7)d和(4.8±1.6)d。2例死于严重下丘脑反应,其余钠代谢紊乱均纠正良好,平均住院时间26 d。结论钠代谢紊乱是颅咽管瘤全切除术后常见表现之一。高钠血症与尿崩症关系密切,而低钠血症主要有两个原因:脑性盐耗综合征和抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征,二者要仔细区分,前者着重补液、补盐,而后者应在补盐的基础上要适当限水和利尿。     

血红素抑制内皮细胞损伤的形态学观察

目的 探讨血红素对人脐静脉内皮细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法 将培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞进行分组：对照组、损伤组、血红素组。观察各组细胞在光、电镜下形态学的改变。结果 在光镜下，血红素组细胞的生长状态明显优于损伤组；在电镜下，损伤组细胞核固缩，而血红素组细胞核幼稚，核仁明显。结论 在人脐静脉内皮细胞中，血红素对过氧化氢所造成的氧化应激损伤有明显的保护作用。     

小切口股骨近端解剖钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨股骨转子间骨折的治疗方法和疗效。方法小切口微创股骨近端解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折17例。结果 随访时间8个月～3年，平均1.6年，优良16例，占94%（16/17）。结论 小切口微创股骨近端解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折具有切口小、出血少等优点，是一种微创手术。