巨噬细胞移动抑制因子与鼻咽癌微血管生成和淋巴结转移的关系

[目的]研究巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在鼻咽癌组织中的表达水平及其与肿瘤新生血管的关系,探讨细胞因子在鼻咽癌细胞侵袭转移过程中的作用.[方法]收集1999-2003年期间45例确诊未治的鼻咽原发癌活检组织标本,用LSAB免疫组化法检测鼻咽癌组织中MIF和VEGF表达,计数癌组织中新生血管热区的CD34阳性微血管密度(intratumoral microvessel density,IMD),并将各检测指标与患者的病理及临床资料相联系.[结果]鼻咽原发癌组织中,癌细胞MIF和VEGF的阳性表达率分别为78%(35/45)和71%(32/45),伴有淋巴结转移的癌组织中MIF和IMD水平均高于无淋巴结转移的癌组织,P=0.029,P=0.026,MIF阳性组的IMD计数为(35.1±13.3)/高倍视野,明显高于MIF阴性病例的(20.9±10.2)/高倍视野,P=0.003.以Schmincke型生长方式分布的癌细胞MIF表达水平(67.4%±35.2%)高于以Regaud型方式分布的癌细胞(32.9%±29.7%),P=0.007.癌细胞MIF与VEGF表达以及IMD计数均显示正相关关系,P＜0.05.但癌细胞VEGF的表达与患者性别、年龄、病理组织学分型以及临床分期无统计学显著意义.[结论]MIF在鼻咽癌细胞的淋巴结转移过程中可能具有重要的促进作用,并可能是影响肿瘤性微血管生成和癌细胞VEGF表达的重要因素.     

现代计算机技术在户外广告中的应用

针对目前我国户外广告发展状况,简述了计算机技术在户外广告设计、规划中的应用及其影响。     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.     

经乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗继发性三叉神经痛37例

目的探讨经乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗桥小脑角占位性病变引起的继发性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2000年10月～2006年7月37例继发性三叉神经痛的临床资料，其中胆脂瘤18例，脑膜瘤8例，听神经瘤6例，三叉神经鞘瘤5例，均经乙状窦后入路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切23例，次全切除10例，部分切除4例。35例疼痛症状消失（32例立即消失，3例术后2个月消失），随访3个月～5年无复发；2例无效。发生暂时性面瘫6例，面部麻木6例，无颅内感染及脑脊液漏。结论经乙状窦后入路显微手术是治疗继发性三叉神经痛安全有效的方法。     

风疹易感人群婚前风疹疫苗接种预防先天性风疹综合征

目的探讨婚前风疹易感人群风疹疫苗接种在提高孕妇对风疹的免疫力,预防先天性风疹综合征中的作用.方法对10 913例婚前风疹病毒抗体IgG阴性者给予国产风疹减毒活疫苗注射.3个月随防671例,比较风疹疫苗接种前后该地区孕妇近期风疹感染的发病率.结果818例风疹病毒抗体IgG阴性者接种后抗体转阳率为99.8%.风疹疫苗接种前后3年孕妇近期风疹感染率分别为0.37%及0.08%,有明显下降,有非常显著差异(P＜0.001).结论应用国产风疹减毒活疫苗对婚前易感人群作预防接种可提高育龄妇女对风疹的免疫力,降低孕期风疹感染的发生率,是预防先天性风疹综合征及风疹致畸的有效、安全措施.     

Arnold-Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的外科治疗(附32例报告)

目的：探讨Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术治疗方法。方法：分析我科收治的32例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症患者进行手术治疗，以后颅窝减压、小脑扁桃体切除、脊髓空洞穿刺、松解四脑室正中孔蛛网膜粘连为主，达到解除后脑受压，解除粘连，恢复枕大孔区CSF循环通畅的目的。结果：随访24例患者中，临床症状完全消失18例，好转2例，术前有头痛、颈痈或肩臂病症状者均有显著减轻，3例自觉症状无变化，复查MRI显示21例空洞明显缩小。结论：后颅窝减压、松解四脑室正中孔蛛网膜粘连，恢复枕大孔区CSF循环通畅是手术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的关键。     

急性大血管闭塞性轻型卒中血管内治疗的疗效及安全性观察

目的 观察急性大血管闭塞性轻型卒中患者血管内治疗的疗效及安全性。
方法 回顾性分析2018年1月-2019年5月行血管内治疗的急性大血管闭塞性轻型卒中（NIHSS评分
≤5分）患者的临床资料。观察术后血管成功再通率（mTICI≥2b级）、围手术期并发症、90 d良好预后率
（mRS评分≤2分）等。
结果 共纳入13例患者，平均年龄58.7±14.5岁，男性11例（84.6%）。术后血管成功再通率100%；围
手术期并发症2例，假性动脉瘤1例、无症状性颅内出血1例；90 d良好预后率100%。
结论 急性大血管闭塞性轻型卒中行血管内治疗可能是安全、有效的。     

睾丸网腺癌(1例报告并文献复习)

目的了解睾丸网腺癌的发病和临床特点，提高其早期诊断和治疗水平。方法分析1例睾丸网腺癌患者的临床资料，并结合文献对睾丸网腺癌的临床病理特点、早期诊断和治疗进行讨论。结果术前诊断为左睾丸鞘膜积液、左睾丸肿瘤待排，遂行左高位睾丸切除术，术后病理检查诊断为睾丸网腺癌。免疫组化：AFP（-），PLAP（-），CK（＋），CD30（-），CK20（＋）。术后CT示肝内多发转移瘤、左肾和左肾上腺转移改变。结论睾丸网腺癌是原发于睾丸网纵膈的恶性肿瘤，极为罕见，其临床表现独特，基本治疗是根治性睾丸切除术辅以根治性腹膜后淋巴结清扫术，放疗和化疗效果欠佳。该病预后差，文献报道5年生存率仅为13％。     

食管鳞癌中肿瘤微血管密度的临床意义

目的　研究分析食管癌组织中肿瘤微血管密度 (MVD)的临床意义。方法　采用免疫组化的方法检测4 5例食管鳞癌根治性切除术后的肿瘤组织中的肿瘤微血管密度 ,应用SPSS统计软件分析肿瘤MVD与食管鳞癌临床病理参数及预后的关系。结果　本组病例中 ,肿瘤MVD平均值为 15 .5 8,中位值为 15。MVD水平与食管癌的肿瘤局部浸润程度、区域淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。多血管型 (MVD >15 )病例的术后生存率低于少血管型 (MVD≤ 15 )病例 (P =0 .0 2 78)。Cox比例风险模型证实MVD水平是食管癌根治性切除病人预后的独立预测指标。结论　食管鳞癌的血管新生与癌肿进展程度有关 ,高MVD的食管鳞癌患者术后生存率明显低于低MVD的患者 ,其MVD水平可独立用于预测食管癌根治性切除病人的预后     

GDC栓塞治疗47例颅内动脉瘤的疗效

目的 探讨应用电解可脱性铂金弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效和经验。方法 47例颅内动脉瘤患者(48个动脉瘤)，其中43例行单纯GDC栓塞术，3例宽颈动脉瘤行支架结合GDC栓塞，1例宽颈动脉瘤应用球囊瘤颈塑型GDC栓塞术．术前、术后造影对比，术后随访1～58个月。结果 47例颅内动脉瘤患者，行GDC栓塞47个，其中36个100％栓塞(76．5％)，6个90％柃塞(12．8％)，2个80％栓塞(4．3％)，1个50％栓塞(2．1％)，2个栓塞失败(4．3％)，1个多发动脉瘤未作处理，4例应用瘤颈辅助技术手术顺利，效果满意。术后随访无蛛网膜下腔出血发生。结论 GDC适合大多数颅内动脉瘤的栓塞治疗，安全可靠。