The development of novel quantification assay for mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy aimed at preimplantation genetic diagnosis of Leigh encephalopathy

Purpose: To perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of Leigh encephalopathy, we developed a rapid and reliable quantification assay for the percentage of T8993G mtDNA mutation and analyzed various specimens. Methods: We prepared the standard curve by measuring serial proportion of 8993T/G cloned plasmid DNA using real-time PCR, and measured (1) mutant DNA (known proportions by PCR-RFLP), (2) single lymphocytes from 46% mutant carrier, (3) 123 blastomeres from 20 abnormal embryos. Results: (1) These were within −5∼+6% error range, (2) mean 44.3%(11–70%), (3) Five embryos harbored T8993G mutation (4–22%). Embryos from same person indicated different degrees of heteroplasmy, and blastomeres from same embryo demonstrated limited dispersion of heteroplasmy (2–11%). Conclusions: (1) This method provides rapid and reliable PGD for Leigh encephalopathy. (2) The variable heteroplasmy with somatic mitosis was suggested. (3) T8993G mutation was existed in undeveloped embryo, and the bottleneck theory was supported. The limited heteroplasmy dispersion of blastomeres from same embryo also supported reliability of PGD for T8993G mutation.     

Cardioprotective effects of hexasulfobutylated C60 (FC4S) in anesthetized rats during coronary occlusion/reperfusion injury

The effects of hexasulfobutylated C₆₀ (FC₄S) on (1) coronary occlusion/reperfusion and (2) isolated aortic ring preparation of rats were studied in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo studies, FC₄S (1–10 μg/kg, iv) reduced the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation during the coronary artery occlusion phase and the reperfusion phase. FC₄S increased nitric oxide (NO) and decreased lactate dehydrogenase in plasma during the period of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. In animals subjected to 4 h of coronary occlusion, pretreatment with FC₄S (10 μg/kg, iv) reduced the cardiac infarct zone (expressed as percent of area at risk) from 39.7 ± 4.8% to 11.3 ± 4.1 %. Mortality during cardiac ischemia and reperfusion was completely prevented after injection of FC₄S (10 μg/Kg iv). In the isolated endothelium‐containing aortic ring preparation, phenylephrine (PE) elicited contractions and FC₄S elicited a significant relaxing effect on PE‐precontracted aortic rings. This relaxing effect of FC₄S was reduced by pretreatment with N(G)‐nitro‐L ‐arginine methyl ester (1 mM), a blocker of NO synthase. It is concluded that FC₄S may be useful as a potential cardioprotective agent for cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. The beneficial effect of FC₄S may be partly correlated with its antioxidant property and also by the upregulation of NO production and vasodilation effects. Drug Dev. Res. 53:244–253, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

细辛脑与氨茶碱治疗小儿毛细支气管炎疗效比较

目的观察细辛脑和氨茶碱治疗毛细支气管炎的临床疗效。方法将180例毛细支气管炎的患儿随机分为两组。两组均给予综合治疗，治疗组90例加用细辛脑静脉点滴0．5mg／（k．次），bid，5d为一疗程。对照组90例加用氨茶碱静点，3～5mg／（k．次），qd，5d为一疗程。结果治疗组退热天数，咳嗽，气喘，肺部罗音消失时间及住院天数与对照组相比，差异无显著意义（P〉0．05），总有效率治疗组93．34％，对照组92．55％，但对照组烦躁、夜哭、呕吐等副作用大，占27．55％，治疗组则无明显副作用。     

引流加尿激酶灌洗治疗结核性心包积液的护理

心包炎是最常见的心包病变，可有多种致病因素引起，急性心包炎常伴有心包渗液，短期内心包的渗液可造成急性心包填塞而危及病人生命。2002年-2008年应用经皮心包穿刺留置导管引流加尿激酶灌洗治疗结核性心包积液56例，收到良好效果。现将护理介绍如下。     

缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者心脏收缩和舒张功能及其再住院率与曲美他嗪的干预效应

目的:观察曲美他嗪对缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者心脏收缩和舒张的影响,并分析1年内再住院率情况。方法:选择2003-01/2004-01哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院心内科门诊及住院缺血性心肌病患者168例,全部病例均符合世界卫生组织1979年冠心病缺血性心肌病的诊断标准,并自愿参加研究,男86例,女82例,平均年龄(59±13)岁,心力衰竭的诊断标准按照纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级标准为Ⅱ～Ⅳ级。曲美他溱治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予曲美他嗪治疗;常规治疗组给予常规药物治疗。采用超声于治疗前、后4周、1年测定两组的心搏出量,心脏指数,左室射血分数,E峰和A峰流速比值(E/A),等容舒张时间,随访1年内两组再住院例次。结果:治疗后4周曲美他嗪治疗组和常规治疗组无脱落。治疗后1年曲美他嗪治疗组、常规治疗组因死亡各脱落3,15例,进入结果分析例数分别为83,67例。治疗后4周曲美他嗪治疗组患者心搏出量、心脏指数、左室射血分数、E峰与A峰流速比值[(58.6±10.2)mL,(4.4±0.6)L/(min.m2),(38.6±10.8)%,(0.82±0.2)cm/s]明显高于治疗前[(52.3±11.4)mL,(3.1±0.7)L/(min.m2),(34.8±7.6)%,(0.69±0.1)cm/s,t=2.48～2.98,P<0.05]。等容舒张时间[(122.5±21.6)ms]明显短于治疗前[(158.3±29.2)ms,(t=2.56,P<0.05)]。治疗后1年曲美他嗪治疗组患者心搏出量、心脏指数、左室射血分数、E峰与A峰流速比值[(76.9±16.8)mL,(5.6±1.1)L/(min.m2),(54.2±14.2)%,(1.38±0.6)cm/s]明显高于治疗前及常规治疗组[(60.4±11.8)mL,(3.5±0.8)L/(min.m2),(36.1±8.2)%,(0.70±0.4)cm/s,t=2.36～2.78,P<0.05],等容舒张时间[(88.4±24.5)ms]明显短于治疗前及常规治疗组[(155.8±30.2)ms,t=2.56,2.89,P<0.05]。曲美他嗪治疗组1年内再住院10例次,再住院率12%(10/86),常规治疗组31例次,再住院率38%(31/82),两组差异明显(χ2=114.21,112.86,P<0.05)。结论:在缺血性心肌病心力衰竭的康复治疗中长期使用曲美他嗪可改善心脏收缩及舒张功能,明显改善患者预后功能而降低再住院率。     

光敏生物素DNA探针用于血内和蚊体内疟原虫的检测

从恶性疟原虫（Ｐ．ｆ） 基因文库中筛选的具有Ｐ．ｆ 种特异的质粒型ｐＢＦ２ 克隆ＤＮＡ 经光敏生物素标记后作探针，用核酸杂交方法检测不同疟区病人血内和蚊体内的疟原虫，敏感性和特异性均达应用水平，显示该探针在疟疾监测中具有良好的应用前景。     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Leaves extract

AIM OF THE STUDY: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Leaves were observed in various experimental models related to nociception and inflammation, so as to provide some evidence for its traditional use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acetic acid-induced writhing and a hot plate test in mice were used to evaluate its analgesic activity. On the other hand, its anti-inflammatory activity was observed in xylene or carrageenan-induced edema, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na)-induced leukocyte migration in mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release from mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. RESULTS: The ethanol extract significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing after single oral administration at doses of 424 and 848 mg extract/kg, and the response to the thermal stimulus in mice at the dose of 848 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract also remarkably lessened xylene-induced ear swelling, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and CMC-Na-induced leukocyte migration. Furthermore, the extract considerably reduced NO release from LPS-stimulated macrophages with IC50 of 80.4 mg/ml. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Leaves extract present notable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, which support its folkloric use for some diseases related with painful and inflammatory conditions such as trauma etc.     

猛鹏散对小鼠疼痛反应影响的实验研究

目的　研究猛鹏散的镇痛作用。方法　选用两种疼痛动物模型进行实验研究。结果　实验显示 ,猛鹏散组对小鼠痛阈值与对照组痛阈值比较 ,差别显著 ,P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1。结论　猛鹏散具有明显的镇痛作用     

模拟室两种灭蝇器灭蝇效果观察

目的：观察自动捕蝇器和蚊蝇电灭器的灭蝇效果。方法：模拟室内试验。结果：在室内灯光照明下，自动捕蝇器和蚊蝇电灭器４ｈ灭蝇率分别为８９。５０％和４８．５０％，差异有非常显著性，在自然光照下，二者４ｈ灭蝇率分别为９１．００％和８３．７５％，差异无显著性。结论：采用不同的实验方法，自动捕蝇器的效果均优于蚊蝇电灭器。提示使用灭蝇器应考虑环境条件，以提高灭蝇率。     

Development of a dissecting aneurysm on the vertebral artery immediately after occlusion of the contralateral vertebral artery: A case report

A 49 year old female presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured dissecting aneurysm on the left vertebral artery (VA). Following an occlusion test, we performed proximal occlusion of the left VA with detachable balloons. However, a dissecting aneurysm on the right VA developed three weeks later. After an occlusion test had showed no change in cerebral blood flow, auditory brain stem response, or neurological status, proximal occlusion of the right VA was performed. The patient has returned to normal life without neurological deficits. Bilateral dissecting aneurysms of the VA are quite common, but de novo VA dissecting aneurysms or enlargement of such aneurysms after occlusion of contralateral VA are rare. This case suggests that hemodynamic stress may be a causal factor in the development of VA dissecting aneurysms. Careful pre- and post-operative neuroradiological examination of the contralateral VA are required in patients under-going VA occlusion for dissecting aneurysms.