甲状腺术中喉返神经的损伤和预防

喉返神经损伤是甲状腺术后严重的并发症之一,单侧损伤引起声音嘶哑、双侧损伤则导致呼吸困难,甚至发生危及生命的声门梗阻.分析甲状腺损伤的原因:喉返神经与甲状腺下动脉紧密复杂的关系、喉返神经存在分支及分支的变异、喉不返神经、以及甲状腺Zuckerkandl结节的存在等解剖因素造成其易损伤;喉返神经本身的脆弱性造成其易损;未能合理使用能量手术器械造成神经的热损伤.预防喉返神经损伤可从以下方面努力:在甲状腺术中解剖显露喉返神经,使其“可视化”;术中精细化解剖喉返神经,解剖程度适中;掌握能量器械的性能,安全使用能量器械以减少神经的热损伤;合理使用术中神经监测,使用连续性神经监测,有助于降低喉返神经损伤的风险.     

The Result of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Metallosis Following a Catastrophic Failure of a Polyethylene Liner

BackgroundWear cannot be completely prevented after total hip arthroplasty. If severe polyethylene (PE) liner wear develops, the so-called catastrophic failure occurs and metallosis develops. We postulated that longevity of the new implant may be affected after revision surgery for metallosis following a catastrophic failure of a PE liner due to the substantial amount of PE wear particles and infiltration of the metal particles in this catastrophic condition.MethodsTwenty-three hips of 23 patients were identified because they showed metallosis during revision total hip arthroplasties performed in Seoul National University Hospital between January 1996 and August 2004. They were followed for at least 6.5 years after the index revision total hip arthroplasty. The clinical and radiological results of revision total hip arthroplasties in these patients were evaluated.ResultsThe median Harris hip score increased from 60 points before revision total hip arthroplasties to 90 points at the final follow-up. Osteolysis was detected at an average of 9.3 years after revision total hip arthroplasties in 13 hips and acetabular cup loosening at average 9.8 years after revision total hip arthroplasties in 9 hips. With radiographic evidence of osteolysis and loosening as the end points, the 15-year survival rates were 28.2% and 56.0%, respectively.ConclusionsThe survival rate of revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with metallosis following a catastrophic failure of a PE liner was low.     

Adjuvant Efficacy of Nutrition Support During Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treating Course: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:

Malnutrition and tuberculosis (TB) tend to interact with each other. TB may lead to nutrition deficiencies that will conversely delay recovery by depressing immune functions. Nutrition support can promote recovery in the subject being treated for TB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition support on promoting the recovery of adult pulmonary TB patients with anti-TB drug therapy.

Methods:

English database of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese database of CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WANFANG were searched. Randomized controlled trials comparing nutrition support (given for more than 2 weeks) with no nutrition intervention, nutrition advice only, or placebo-control for TB patients being anti-TB treated were included. Two reviewers conducted data extraction, assessed the quality of the studies independently, and any discrepancies were solved by the third reviewer. Data were entered and analyzed by RevMan 5.2 software, and meta-analysis was done using risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous variables and mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

A total of 19 studies (3681 participants) were included. In nutritional support for TB patients, pooled RR and its 95% CI of sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and chest X-ray (CXR) absorption rate were 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) and 1.22 (1.08, 1.39), respectively, the pooled MD and its 95% CI of body mass index (BMI) and time of sputum smears or culture negativity were 0.59 (0.16, 1.2) and − 5.42 (−7.93, −2.92), respectively, compared with the control group. The differences in outcomes of CXR zone affected, TB score, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were not statistically significant (P = 0.76, 0.24, 0.28, and 0.20, respectively) between the intervention group and the control group. No systemic adverse events were recorded.

Conclusions:

During anti-TB course, nutrition support may be helpful in treatment of TB patients by improving both sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and BMI, shortening the time of sputum conversion negative. Whether it can improve the final clinical effect, there still needs high-level quality studies to confirm in the future.     

microRNA与结核病相互关系的研究进展

microRNA（miRNA）是一类广泛存在于各种生物体内的小分子非编码单链RNA,主要在转录后水平调控靶基因的表达。越来越多的证据表明它在细胞分化与沟通、机体发育、免疫反应等诸多方面都发挥着重要作用。尤其在疾病相关研究中,miRNA更是具有广泛的用途和美好的前景。本文主要针对miRNA的相关特性、与结核病（tuberculosis,TB）相互关系的研究进展以及应用前景等做综述。     

CpG岛甲基化表型肺癌的分型标记及临床病理特征

目的 比较新的CpG岛甲基化表型(CIMP)筛选标记基因和经典CIMP筛选标记基因在CIMP肺癌筛选中的作用,并分析CIMP肺癌的临床病理特征.方法 取第二军医大学长海医院呼吸科50例肺癌患者的肺癌组织和癌旁组织,提取DNA,进行甲基化转换后,利用甲基化特异性PCR (MSP)对新的CIMP筛选标记基因(SHISA3、CTSL1、C1ORF103和TMEM200B)和经典的CIMP筛选标记基因(CACNA1G、IGF2、NEUROG1、RUNX3)的启动子CpG岛区域进行扩增,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析其甲基化状态.运用SPSS统计软件对结果进行统计分析.结果 肺癌组织发生明显的甲基化,所研究的8个基因甲基化水平均明显高于癌旁组织(P=0.014).其中RUNX3甲基化与淋巴结转移及功能状态(PS)评分有关(P值分别为0.017、0.018).年龄＞60岁的肺癌患者甲基化率高于≤60岁者(P=0.031).吸烟对CTSL1基因甲基化的影响也很大(P=0.018).结论 CpG岛甲基化表型肺癌具有独特的临床病理特征;新的和经典的甲基化基因组合在CIMP肺癌筛选上都具有较高的灵敏度和特异性.     

Quantitative Detection of ID4 Gene Aberrant Methylation in the Differentiation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome from Aplastic Anemia

Background:The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS),especially hypoplastic MDS,and MDS with low blast counts or normal karyotype may be problematic.This study characterized ID4 gene methylation ...