甲磺酸阿帕替尼片用于标准治疗失败后卵巢癌治疗的有效性和安全性

目的:观察甲磺酸阿帕替尼用于标准治疗失败后卵巢癌的有效性和安全性，为多线耐药的卵巢癌患者提供一种治疗方式。方法:选取2015年6月至2018年3月二线及二线后化疗失败的晚期卵巢癌患者26例，口服甲磺酸阿帕替尼后观察疗效及毒副反应。结果:1例患者CR，17例患者PR,2例患者SD,6例患者PD，客观有效率69%，疾病控制率77%，中位PFS达4.3个月。患者总体耐受性良好，常见的不良反应为1-3级的胃肠道反应，包括腹痛、恶心及呕吐，其中以腹痛最为常见。结论:对于经标准治疗失败后的晚期卵巢癌患者，阿帕替尼具有良好的疗效和安全性。     

Activation of CD3+ T cells by Helicobacter pylori DNA vaccines in potential immunotherapy of gastric carcinoma

Most of gastric carcinoma (GC) is attributed to infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) but there is increasing evidence that the positive H. pylori status correlates with better prognosis in GC. The H. pylori-induced cellular immune response may suppress cancer and in this work, recombinant pcDNA3 plasmids encoding various fragments of H. pylori virulence genes of cagA, vacA and babA are constructed and combined into groups to immunize BALB/c mice. The activated splenic CD3⁺ T cells are purified and the anticancer effects are investigated in vitro and in vivo. The H. pylori DNA vaccines induce a shift in the response from Th1 to Th2 that mimicks the immune status in patients of GC with chronic H. pylori infection. The stimulated CD3⁺ T cells inhibit the growth of human GC cells in vitro and adoptive transfusions of the CD3⁺ T cells suppress the growth of GC xenograft in vivo. The effects may be caused by the larger ratios of infiltrated CD8⁺/CD4⁺ T cells, reduced infiltration of regulatory FOXP3⁺ T cells, and enhanced apoptosis induced by upregulation of Caspase-9/Caspase-3 and downregulation of Survivin. Our results reveal the potential immunotherapeutic value of H. pylori vaccine-activated CD3⁺ T cells in those with advanced GC.     

Outcomes of Donation After Circulatory Death Heart Transplantation in Australia

Background

Transplantation of hearts retrieved from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors is an evolving clinical practice.

Genetic association of CHEK2, GSTP1, and ERCC1 with glioblastoma in the Han Chinese population

Glioblastoma (GBM), a deadly brain tumor, is the most malignant glioma. It mainly occurs in adults and occurs significantly more in males than in females. We genotyped 19 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) from 13 genes in a case–control study of the Han Chinese population to identify genetic factors contributing to the risk of GBM. These tSNPs were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY RS1000. Statistical analysis was performed using χ ² test and SNPStats, a website software. Using χ ² test, we found that the distribution of two tSNPs (rs2267130 in checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), p?=?0.040; rs1695 in GSTP1, p?=?0.023) allelic frequencies had significant difference between cases and controls. When we analyzed all of the tSNPs using the SNPStats software, we found that rs1695 in GSTP1 decreased the risk of GBM in log-additive model (OR?=?0.56, 95 % CI, 0.34–0.94, p?=?0.022). Besides, we found that there is an interaction between rs3212986 in excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) and gender under codominant and recessive models. The gene polymorphisms in CHEK2, GSTP1, and ERCC1 may be involved in GBM in the Han Chinese population. Since our sample size is small, further investigation needs to be performed.     

枕下三角的超声解剖学研究

目的探讨枕下三角境界及内容物的检查方法与超声解剖学特点,为临床检查枕下三角提供超声影像学资料。方法对100例健康成年人枕下区进行超声检查,描述枕下三角境界的超声判定及解剖关系;阐述枕大神经的走行特点,测量头下斜肌表面枕大神经的横截面积;记录椎动脉V3段管腔内径(D)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张期末流速(EDV)、阻力指数(PI)。结果 (1)寰椎后结节左侧约1 cm处纵切声像图显示寰椎后弓呈"短弧形"强回声,其后上方为头后大直肌、后下方为头下斜肌,三者分别构成枕下三角的底、内上界和外下界。(2)寰椎侧块处纵切声像图显示侧块为"平台样"强回声结构,其后方为椎动脉V3段、下方紧接寰椎后弓;后弓后方为头下斜肌、后上方为头上斜肌,头上斜肌构成三角的外上界,后弓与椎动脉V3段之间为枕下神经所在区域。(3)枕大神经长轴声像图显示神经从头下斜肌下缘发出后向内上走行于头下斜肌及头后大直肌与头半棘肌之间;不同性别头下斜肌表面枕大神经横截面积两侧比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)寰椎侧块处横切声像图显示椎动脉V3段呈"倒U形"绕侧块进入枕骨大孔,排除发育不良者,测V3段D为(3.52±0.39)mm、PSV及EDV分别为(43.33±9.05)、(21.87±5.86)cm/s、RI为(0.49±0.11)。结论超声是检查枕下三角及其内容物的理想方法。