细胞因子白细胞介素-4对认知功能改善的研究进展

白细胞介素4(IL-4)是T辅助2(Th2)介导的免疫反应的基本免疫调节细胞因子,IL-4具有复杂的信号系统和多效的功能,但在脑组织中,诸多研究发现IL-4可在炎症中保护认知功能。该文总结了关于IL-4保护认知功能的证据及机制,以及在阿尔茨海默病、缺血性脑血管病以及手术后认知功能障碍中IL-4保护认知功能的途径及证据。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胃排空障碍的诊疗进展

目的总结胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后胃排空障碍诊疗的现状与进展。方法检索近年来国内外有关PD后胃排空障碍的相关研究文献并进行综述。结果目前胃排空障碍的病因及发病机制尚未完全阐明,与手术创伤、患者高龄、合并糖尿病、伴有其他腹部并发症等多种高危因素有关。保留幽门PD并不增加术后胃排空障碍的风险,而幽门环切除、结肠前吻合、Braun吻合、微创手术对降低其发生是有利的。胃排空障碍的治疗目前国内外仍无明显进展,但绝大多数患者可通过对症保守治疗获得痊愈。结论 PD后胃排空障碍应以预防为主,围术期应用术后加速康复策略可能是目前临床解决术后胃排空障碍的关键所在,但需进一步研究。     

益母草制剂的开发与应用

益母草制剂在临床中应用广泛,主要用于多种妇产科疾病的治疗,且效果显著。其中,益母草注射剂、益母草颗粒、益母草片是临床上最常见的益母草剂型,其有效性和安全性在长期的临床实践中得到认可。本论文结合项目组对益母草制剂的二次开发研究思路,对上述具有代表性的益母草制剂的制剂工艺、质量控制和临床应用进行介绍,以期为益母草制剂的现代研究和临床安全应用提供一定的参考。     

尿干化学法和离心沉渣镜检法检测穿刺羊水母体细胞污染的应用

目的　探讨一种快速简便鉴别羊水母血污染的方案。方法　选取30 例2019 年6~10 月羊水穿刺样本, 检测 羊水及母血DNA，将母血DNA 污染量换算对应体积全血量建立羊水母血DNA 污染梯度模型，运用尿干化学法及离 心沉渣镜检法检测母血污染情况。结果　羊水母血DNA 污染率为5%，10%，20% 和30%，尿干化学法检出率分别为 16.67%，60%，100% 和100%；离心沉渣镜检法检出率分别为60%，100%，100% 和100%。结论　尿干化学法及离心 沉渣镜检法联合检测可更简便快捷地进行羊水母血污染鉴定，检出率与母血DNA 污染率呈正比关系。     

Safety and efficacy of different anesthetic regimens for parturients with COVID-19 undergoing Cesarean delivery: a case series of 17 patients

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie - To assess the management and safety of epidural or general anesthesia for Cesarean delivery in parturients with coronavirus...     

Acute sensorineural hearing loss in hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Background: Approximately, 30–40% of patients experienced hearing loss under regular hemodialysis.

Objective: This study reviewed our experience on treating acute hearing loss in patients under regular hemodialysis over the past two decades.

Methods: Twenty-six patients having acute hearing loss under hemodialysis were divided into two groups based on their etiologies. Sixteen patients (16 ears) with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) were assigned to Group A and 10 patients (13 ears) with endolymphatic hydrops (EH) were assigned to Group B.

Results: No significant difference was noted between Groups A and B, regardless of hemodialysis duration, clinical manifestation, underlying systemic diseases, blood examination, and vestibular test battery. In contrast, serum osmolality was significantly lower in Group B (292?±?11 mOsm/kg) than in Group A (310?±?11 mOsm/kg). Furthermore, Group B (40?±?14?dB) had better mean hearing level than Group A (87?±?21?dB) in the initial audiogram, and a higher hearing improvement rate (69%) than Group A (19%).

Conclusions and significance: Both SSHL and EH are major causes for precipitating acute hearing loss in hemodialysis patients. Compared to SSHL, the less deteriorated MHL and lower serum osmolality in EH provide two clues for differentiating acute hearing loss in hemodialysis patients.