多媒体技术在《儿童口腔粘膜病》教学中的应用分析

自行开发研制了《儿童口腔粘膜病》多媒体教学课件并应用于教学活动中,通过对学生的问卷调查,发现在多媒体教学中存在着过分追求华丽设计及依赖多媒体教学的现象,进而指出多媒体教学应与多种教学方法有机结合,以保证教学质量,提高教学效果。     

清热养阴法治疗癌性发热患者40例临床研究

目的探讨清热养阴法为主的中医治疗在晚期癌性发热患者中的疗效。方法选择晚期肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肾癌患者共40例，采用自拟清热养阴退热方，每天1剂，连服7天，观察比较用药前后患者发热及主要临床症状和生活质量的改善情况，并进行辨证分型。结果全部40例患者中，有效36例，有效率为90％，患者卡氏评分有显著改善。结论清热养阴法为主的中医治疗对晚期癌性发热患者具有较好的疗效，可在临床上推广应用。     

多层螺旋CT肝硬化门静脉成像延迟时间的优化

目的探讨多层螺旋CT肝硬化门静脉系统成像的最佳延迟时间设置。方法对46例肝硬化患者,运用小剂量测试技术,建立和分析时间密度曲线图,求出门静脉主干与肝实质最大密度差,以此时的时间作为门静脉成像的扫描时相,运用后处理技术使门静脉成像。结果门静脉与肝实质CT值相差最大时的延迟时间为59～70s,平均64.5s。结论多层螺旋CT注射对比剂延迟时间平均约65s,是肝硬化门静脉系统成像最佳时相选择。     

甲亢性心肌病兔心肌血管紧张素转换酶和细胞外信号调节激酶的变化

目的 探讨甲亢性心肌病的发病机制.方法 健康成年新西兰大白兔40只,按随机数字表法分为4组:空白对照组、左旋甲状腺素(L-Thy)组、咪哒普利组、缬沙坦组.L-Thy(45 μg·kg-1·d-1×28 d)腹腔注射建立甲亢性心肌病模型,第28天收集心肌标本测定左右心室心肌肥厚指数,光镜下观察心肌细胞结构,测定心肌细胞直径,Masson's染色测定胶原容积分数(collagen volumefraction,CVF),透射电镜观察心肌细胞超微结构改变,Western blot检测血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)及磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK)的蛋白表达.结果 L-Thy可诱导心肌肥厚、心肌细胞结构改变以及纤维组织增生,ACE、ERK和p-ERK蛋白表达上调,ERK及p-ERK表达与心肌细胞平均直径和CVF呈正相关.咪哒普利和缬沙坦均可显著抑制L-Thy诱导的心肌细胞肥厚和纤维化,从而降低ERK、p-ERK的表达.结论 肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)和ERK信号传导通路可能参与甲亢性心肌病的发病机制,ERK信号传导通路的激活可能与RAS有关,咪哒普利和缬沙坦可以抑制ERK信号传导通路的激活并改善L-Thy诱导的心肌重构.     

In-vivo function of the thumb muscles

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to quantify the electrical activity of the thumb muscles responsible for the production of force in different directions of thumb movement. DESIGN: The isometric forces and electromyographic activity generated by seven thumb muscles were measured on five normal healthy test subjects. BACKGROUND: The thumb is very important for proper hand function. Presently available electromyographic studies of the thumb muscles provide only limited information. Most thumb muscles have more than one function. Additional studies are required to carefully examine and confirm the in-vivo relationship between the thumb muscle electromyogram and mechanical output. METHODS: The direction and magnitude of the force vector generated at the interphalangeal joint and the relative electrical activity were obtained for eight directions of thumb action. The regions of function were defined for the abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and the abductor pollicis longus. Data was collected during voluntary isometric contraction, both before and after blocking the median nerve at the wrist. RESULTS: The highest force production was obtained during flexion. The region of maximal muscle electrical activity varied for each muscle studied. The areas of maximal in-vivo muscle activity agreed with the moment arm data reported in the literature. The median nerve block eliminated the ability to produce force in abduction. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated that by combining electromyographic measurement and biomechanical analysis it is possible to confirm the relationship between in-vivo thumb muscle function and muscle mechanics in a novel manner. The findings of this study indicate the importance of the local anatomy in controlling the direction of force production.     

(±)-二氢猕猴桃内酯的合成研究

二氢猕猴桃内酯（ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉｏｌｉｄｅ,１）是从猕猴桃属木天蓼（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｐｏｌｙｇａｍａ）［１］、茶叶及烟草［２］等植物中分离得到的一种天然产物,是茶叶和烟草香气的重要成份。该化合物表现出植物毒性等生理活性［３］,能够抑制植物的生长。Ｔｏｒｒｉ等［４,５］以香叶醇为原料,经溴化、苯磺酰化、羧基化、环化和脱苯磺酰基５步反应合成了１。但该路线步骤较多,反应条件苛刻,操作复杂。如：羧基化反应需在无水、无氧和低温（－７８℃）的条件下进行;脱苯磺酰基反应则要在３５０℃的高温下反…     

人血浆中辅酶Q10的HPLC测定法及其动态研究

目的：建立人血浆中辅酶Q₁₀的高效液相色谱检测法,以测定人体内辅酶Q₁₀的经时变化过程。方法：血浆经无水乙醇沉淀蛋白后,以正己烷提取,进行高效液相色谱法检测。色谱柱为Spherisorb C₁₈ 10 μm 25 cm×4.6 mm ID,流动相为无水乙醇—水—冰醋酸(98∶2∶0.7),检测波长为275 nm,内标为辅酶Q₉。结果：在0.2～4.0 μg.ml^-1浓度范围内峰面积比与浓度呈良好的线性关系,γ=0.9998,方法重现性好,提取回收率大于90%;以本法测定了8名男性健康受试者服用辅酶Q₁₀制剂前后血浆中辅酶Q₁₀的浓度经时变化过程。结论：用本法测定人血浆中辅酶Q₁₀浓度结果满意;人血浆中内源性辅酶Q₁₀浓度为(763.3±86.3) ng.ml^-1,且受饮食及运动量的影响。     

维拉帕米对映体在人体的药代动力学

目的： 考察维拉帕米(VPM)和去甲维拉帕米(NVPM)对映体的药代动力学特性。 方法： 8名汉族男性健康志愿者分别po外消旋VPM 80 mg和静滴5 mg,以三甲基-β-环糊精为手性选择剂,毛细管电泳法同时测定VPM和NVPM对映体的血浆浓度,用二房室开放模型拟合药-时曲线。结果： po VPM的R/S(AUC),R/S(CL)和R/S(C_max)比率分别为3.66±1.86,0.3±0.053和4.82±0.58;NVPM的R/S(C_max)和R/S(AUC)比率为2.58和2.36。iv VPM的R/S(AUC),R/S(CL)和R/S(C_max)比率分别为1.04±0.29,1.01±0.3和1.36±0.12。R-(+)-VPM和S-(-)-VPM的绝对生物利用度为30.3±19和9.8±5.9。结论： VPM有较大的对映体特异性首过代谢,选择优对映体S-(-)-VPM为监测对象有利于临床合理使用外消旋VPM。     

粉防己碱对肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠心肌ATP酶活性的影响

目的　观察粉防己碱对肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠心肌 Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶活性的影响。方法　采用二肾一夹肾型高血压形成大鼠左室肥厚,用光电比色、无机磷显色法测定心肌细胞膜 Ｎａ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶及线粒体 Ｎａ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶、 Ｃａ２ ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ酶活性。结果　左室肥厚组大鼠心肌细胞 Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶活性明显降低,粉防己碱５０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １·ｄ － １ｉｇ 连续给药８ ｗｋ 可逆转左室肥厚,显著增加心肌细胞膜 Ｎａ ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶及线粒体 Ｃａ２ ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ酶活性。结论　粉防己碱因其钙拮抗作用,在降低血压、逆转左室肥厚的同时,可使细胞膜钠泵活性、线粒体钙泵活性恢复     

Etoposide-induced pulmonary toxicity

After treatment with etoposide, two patients with lung cancer developed interstitial infiltrates and respiratory failure. Of the two, one patient responded rapidly to steroid therapy and developed recurrent symptoms on re-challenge with etoposide. Both patients had histopathologic findings consistent with drug-induced pulmonary toxicity. Etoposide-induced lung disease needs to be considered in patients who develop subacute dyspnea and interstitial infiltrates during treatment with this agent.