输尿管口囊肿的微创手术治疗

目的评价输尿管口囊肿的微创手术治疗方法及其疗效。方法回顾性分析25例行经尿道电切（TURU）手术治疗输尿管口囊肿患者资料。男9例，女16例；年龄18—61岁，平均38岁；单侧18例，双侧7例；单纯输尿管囊肿22例，异位输尿管囊肿3例。结果25例患者手术一次成功22例，手术平均时间15min，术后平均住院3d。术后定期B超、膀胱造影随诊，随诊时间1—9年，3例异位输尿管囊肿合并重复肾、输尿管畸形患者存在术后膀胱输尿管返流，2例再次行开放手术后痊愈。结论TURU是治疗成人输尿管口囊肿的有效方法；当合并存在重复肾输尿管畸形或术后膀胱输尿管返流时，应采用输尿管膀胱抗返流手术。     

Study of drug control over postoperative hemorrhage after selective caesarean section

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of carbetocin and oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after selective caesarean section. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen pregnant women who were going to deliver by caesarean section were randomly divided into two paralleled and controlled groups, of which the oxytocin group(group A) contained 105 women and the carbetocin group(group B) 111 women. 20 IU of oxytocin was administrated during operation for both groups, 10 IU directly into uterus and 10 IU intravenously. When the operation was over, 20 IU of oxytocin was dripped for group A lasting for 8 hours, while for group B 100μg of carbetocin was immediately injected intravenously for 1 minute. Blood loss as well as hemoglobin alteration was measured for the comparison of the effect of the two drugs. Blood biochemical indicators were introduced for the evaluation of the safety of carbetocin including the function of liver and kidney and the fasting glucose.Results: No significant difference was revealed between the two groups concerning the postpartum hemorrhage within 24 hours, the postpartum hemorrhage incidence and the changes of hemoglobin. There was no significant difference in the change of liver and kidney function, fasting glucose and electrolyte changes as well.Conclusions: Carbetocin has a similar effect and safety of oxytocin in controlling the blood loss of selective caesarean section.     

An Implantable Aortic Valvo-pump for Destination Therapy

To investigate the possibility of a long-term applicable left ventricular assist device, a 23 mm outer diameter and 31 g weight implantable aortic valvo-pump was developed. It consists of a rotor and a stator; the rotor has a driven magnets assemble and an impeller, the stator has a motor coil with iron core and a outflow guide vane. The device locates the position of aortic valve, delivers the blood directly from left ventricle to aorta. Neither connecting conduits nor “bypass” circuits are necessary. Therefore, the device has promisingly better antithrombogenicity than other heart pumps. In hemodynamic testing, the pump can produce a blood flow of 7 l/min volume with 50 mmHg pressure increase at 15,000 rpm rotating speed, and at zero flow rate the pump can maintain a diastolic pressure over 80 mmHg at same rotating speed. For further studies the blood compatibility and the durability of the device are of most importance.     

SARS死亡病例的实验室检查特点

目的：了解严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)死亡病例的临床特点，为SARS重症病例的诊断、治疗及预后判断提供帮助。方法：对我院2003年1月至4月底收治的102例确诊非典患者中的5例死亡病例的流行病学及实验室检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果：死亡病例均为男性，平均49岁，从发病到入院平均7．6d，从住院到确诊平均1．2d；从住院到死亡平均14．4d，从发病到死亡平均为22d。死亡病例粒细胞总数和百分比均明显升高，多数患者淋巴细胞计数和百分比降低(4／5)，血红蛋白均呈进行性下降。死亡患者除已见报道的ALT、AST、LDH、CK升高及低钙血症外，GLU均明显高于正常而ALB均明显降低；大多数患者TP、PA等多项生化指标均出现明显下降而脱氧血红蛋白百分率(HHb)明显上升，同时伴有低磷、低镁血症。结论：SARS死亡病例多项实验室指标均会出现明显异常，动态监测这些指标有助于SARS患者的诊断、治疗及预后判断。     

视场角设置对虚拟环境中目标判断的影响

目的探讨不同视场角参数对虚拟环境中目标判断的影响规律 ,找出最佳视场角参数。方法利用自行研制基于PC平台的虚拟现实 (VR)实验系统 ,选定 45名年龄在 2 3～ 5 8岁被试者并完成大小与角度判断的实验设计。首先进行 30 0人次的预实验 ,确定引起虚拟环境中目标判断差错的视场角及相应观察任务的差别等级 ,然后开始单因素、4水平的完全随机正式实验。结果方差分析表明 ,不同的虚拟环境视场角对目标判断的真实性有显著性影响 ,当视场角为 60°时 ,目标判断的正确率最大。结论利用VR技术进行载人航天器工效设计、操作训练或其它任务的研究时 ,应考虑视场角的作用 ,适合目标大小判断的视场角参数值宜取 60°,以便获得最大的工效     

肾细胞癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达

目的 探讨肾癌组织中血管内皮生长因子的表达及其与肾癌生物学行为的关系。方法 应用单克隆鼠抗-VEGF抗体通过免疫组化SP法研究肾癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达。结果 60例肾癌组织中35例(58.3％)血管内皮生长因子阳性。血表达与组织学分级(P<0.05)和TNM分期(P<0.05)均明显相关。 结论 血管内皮生长因子表达对肾癌生物学行为有重要影响,设法抑制血管内皮生长因子有望成为肾癌治疗的另一有效方法。     

血栓前体蛋白与心脏瓣膜置换术后的抗凝监测

目的：探讨血栓前体蛋白(TPP)在心脏机械瓣膜置换术后抗凝治疗监测中的意义，及制定术后抗凝治疗的合理方案。方法：比较抗凝组(60例)和对照组(20例)的国际标准化比率(INR)、TPP，并比较抗凝组中有、无房颤的病人华法林用量、INR和TPP，对抗凝组病人TPP和INR的关系作一元线性回归分析，比较各组的INR和血浆TPP浓度。结果：抗凝组与对照组相比，TPP低、INR高。抗凝组有房颤者的血浆TPP浓度高于窦性心律者。线性回归分析结果表明，TPP和INR无明显相关性。出血病人的血浆TPP浓度明显低于正常高限(6μg／ml)。结论：TPP是心脏机械瓣置换术后抗凝治疗理想的辅助监测指标。术后有房颤心律者的血栓栓塞危险性增加。抗凝治疗应同时检测INR和TPP。     

全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

为了评价全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌的疗效，采用双侧睾丸切除、Ｆｌｕｔａｍｉｄｅ和Ｆｉｎａｓｔｅｒｉｄ联合治疗Ｄ２期前列腺癌病人５例。随访１５～２０个月，结果ＰＳＡ均正常，前列腺体积缩小６１．２％～６９．３％，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），骨转移灶缩小、部分消失，积水肾脏完全恢复正常，所有病人治疗后全部有效。表明全雄激素阻断对晚期前列腺癌有良好的治疗效果。提出在三个层次上阻断雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的策略。     

双特异抗体介导的人单核—巨噬细胞对荷人肝癌裸鼠的抑制作用

观察双特异性单克隆抗体介导的人单核－巨噬细胞在裸鼠体内对肝癌生长的抑制作用。用化学交联法制备双特异性单克隆抗体ＨＡｂ１８－ＭＡｂ７及ＨＡｂ１８Ｆ（ａｂ）２－ＭＡｂ７Ｆ（ａｂ＇＿２，并将其与单核－巨噬细胞－同注入荷人肝癌裸鼠体内，观察肿瘤体积的变化。     

肝门胆管癌的外科治疗60例临床分析

肝门胆管癌近年有增多趋势,本文报告我院1975年～1985年间肝门胆管癌60例,占全部肝外胆管癌82例之73.1％,占同期全部胆道手术3626例之1.65％。临床表现主要有三型:1)阻塞性黄疸29例,其中25例曾误诊为肝炎;2)急性胆管炎12例;3)长期胆道疾病14例,其他5例。本组行B超检查19例,ERCP10例,PTC39例。最后诊断根据PTC和/或ERCP,剖腹术及病理检查结果。 56例施行了手术治疗,仅6例施行肿瘤连同半肝切除,姑息性肝胆管内引流15例,外引流23例,其他方法12例。平均存活时间:6例切除组24.5月,48例姑息手术组8.7月,未手术的4例为5月。文中强调早期诊断,凡40岁以上出现阻塞性黄疸或“传染性肝炎”均须警惕胆管癌,进行B超,CT,ERCP或PTC检查,文中强调PTC是诊断本病重要手段,可选择进行右左肝管PTC。本病应争取手术切除,不能切除者行肝胆管内引流或外引流,二者疗效无明显差别。