Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among geriatric outpatients.

BACKGROUND. Healthy people can have low levels of cobalamin (vitamin B12) without symptoms or signs of cobalamin deficiency. Early detection of deficiency is imperative for treatment to be effective. Development of radioimmunoassay tests has greatly improved accurate determination of cobalamin (Cbl) levels. Nevertheless, results of studies of Cbl deficiency vary widely because of the variety of populations studied. METHODS. In a prospective study, we tested 100 consecutive, unselected geriatric outpatients in a primary care setting to determine the prevalence of cobalamin deficiency. All patients, 65 years of age or older, who visited the office of one of the authors during a period of 11 consecutive working days, had their serum Cbl level checked. If the level was 299 pg/mL or lower, serum intrinsic factor and parietal cell antibodies, serum gastrin, part 1 Schilling test, serum methylmalonic acid, and total homocysteine were done, when possible, for the diagnosis of type A gastritis and intracellular Cbl deficiency. RESULTS. Sixteen percent of geriatric outpatients had serum Cbl levels of 200 pg/mL or below, and 21% had levels between 201 and 299 pg/mL. Among the 16 patients with levels < or = 200 pg/mL, 2 patients had macrocytic anemia, 3 patients had peripheral neuropathy, and 8 patients had type A gastritis. Among the 21 patients with levels of 201 to 299 pg/mL, 2 patients had peripheral neuropathy, 9 patients had type A gastritis, and none of the patients had macrocytic anemia. Among the patients whose methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine levels were determined, the results were high in 80% of those with Cbl levels < or = 200 pg/mL and in 33% of those with levels from 201 to 299 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of Cbl deficiency in geriatric outpatients was found to be higher than in any recent report. The lower limit of the normal range for Cbl level should be increased to 300 pg/mL.     

Levodopa improves physical fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

We quantitatively investigated the effect of carbidopa/levodopa (25/100) on physical fatigue during finger tapping and force generation in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects were randomly assigned to carbidopa/levodopa or placebo for Visit 1 or 2 and participated in the following two studies: (1) Finger tapping. Twenty-five PD patients used their index fingers to strike two keys 20 cm apart on a musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) keyboard. The slopes of the regression line of dwell time and movement time were used to assess the rate of fatigue development. (2) Force generation. Twelve PD patients contracted the wrist extensors maximally to obtain a baseline maximum voluntary contraction (BMVC) force. Then they repetitively contracted the wrist extensors at 50% of the BMVC for 7 seconds and rested for 3 seconds. An interval maximum voluntary contraction (IMVC) was measured every three repetitions. Fatigue was defined as an IMVC of less than 60% of the BMVC. The slope of the regression line of IMVC was used to assess the rate of force decline. These two studies were repeated 1 hour after carbidopa/levodopa (25/100) or placebo. Subjects filled out the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) at the beginning of the first visit. Results showed that the slope of dwell time decreased with levodopa but not with placebo (P = 0.004). The rate of force decline also decreased with levodopa but not with placebo (P = 0.01). The subscores in the dimension of physical fatigue in the MFI did not correlate with the rate changes in dwell time or the rate changes in force decline. We concluded that (1) levodopa improves physical fatigue in finger tapping and force generation, (2) physical fatigue in Parkinson's disease is at least partially related to dopamine deficiency, and (3) the MFI measures different aspects of physical fatigue compared with those measured by finger tapping and force generation.     

老年大鼠学习行为与海马长时程突触增强和神经元核仁组织者的关系

主动回避条件反应率>80％的老年大鼠为学习好组,<30％的为学习差组。学习好组在高频短串刺激后颗粒细胞层出现海马长时程突触增强(LTP)效应:颗粒细胞核内Ag-NOR面积/胞核面积比值平均为0.154±0.0043;单个胞核内Ag-NOR平均为3.051±0.2212个,学习差组高频短串刺激引起颗粒细胞层群峰电位长时程抑制;颗粒细胞核内Ag-NOR面积/胞核面积比值平均为0.077±0.0023;单个胞核内Ag-NOR平均为1.839±0.1421个,2组间3指标均有显著差异,表明年老大鼠学习能力与LTP效应有关,学习差的老年大鼠海马齿状回颗粒细胞rDNA的转录活性较学习好的明显降低。     

胰腺黏液非囊性癌9例临床分析

目的探讨胰腺黏液非囊性癌的组织学特点、生物学特征、治疗方法及预后。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院普外科2000~2005年间收治的9例胰腺黏液非囊性癌病人的临床特点、影像学改变、病理学特征、治疗经过及随访资料。9例胰腺黏液非囊性癌病人,男7例,女2例,年龄平均(63·1±8·7)岁。肿瘤位于胰头8例,胰体尾1例。行胰十二指肠切除术8例,其中4例合并扩大淋巴结清扫术,1例行胰体尾切除。结果术后病理报告:瘤体平均4·3cm×4·3cm×4·4cm。镜下见8例胰头肿瘤均侵犯十二指肠,侵犯肠系膜上静脉4例。肿瘤侵犯神经3例,淋巴结转移2例。镜下肿瘤表现明确的间质黏液湖及其上漂浮较少的恶性上皮细胞。随访8例,死亡5例。术后存活5~23个月,平均存活11个月,均死于肿瘤复发和肝转移。结论胰腺黏液非囊性癌应是胰腺恶性肿瘤的一个独立的类型,其生物学特征有待进一步研究。     

ACARDIAC TWIN FETUS WITH SEVERE HYDROPS FETALIS AND BILATERAL TALIPES VARUS DEFORMITY

Twin reversed-arterial-perfusion syndrome (TRAPS) is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. TRAPS is characterized by the hemodynamic dependence of a “recipient” twin from a “pump” twin. The “recipient” twin exhibits lethal abnormalities, such as acardia and acephaly. Circulatory failure of the normal twin derives from the existence of arterio-arterial and veno-venous anastomoses within the placenta that allow retrograde perfusion of the acardiac twin by blood coming from the normal twin. Acardiac twinning is the most extreme manifestation of the twin-twin transfusion syndrome. This occurs in 1 in 100 monozygotic twin pregnancies and 1 in 35,000 births. We report a case of diamnionic monochorionic female twins in which the acardiac twin demonstrated severe hydrops fetalis and bilateral talipes varus deformity. Cesarean section was performed on a 27-year-old hypertensive gravida 2, para 1 mother for fetal indications at 32 6/7 weeks gestation. The acardiac fetus had a two-vessel umbilical cord measuring 43.5 cm in length and 0.8 cm in diameter. The proximal end inserted into the root of the normal twin's umbilical cord in an acute angle forming a “v” close to the placental disc. Structures rostral to the thorax were absent except for a round mass of flesh with three small buds in place of the head and neck, and bilateral upper extremities. Only the kidneys, right adrenal, small and large intestine, and rudimentary urinary bladder were present. Both feet demonstrated talipes varus deformity. The fetus was severely hydropic. The subcutaneous fat measured 4.5 cm in maximum thickness. The normal twin had a protracted course complicated with respiratory distress syndrome, moderate secundum atrial septal defect with left to right shunt, and thrombocytopenia of prematurity. The baby was eventually discharged after approximately 1 month. At the time of this report, 5 months postpartum, the neonate is growing and developing normally. To our knowledge, this is the first report of severe hydrops fetalis and talipes varus deformity in an acardiac twin.     

鼻内镜下激光凝固中鼻甲前端治疗变应性鼻炎

（1）目的 探讨鼻内窥镜下Nd:YAG激光治疗变应性鼻炎的方法。（2）方法 应用鼻内镜下Nd:YAG激光凝固中务甲前1／3端治疗变应性鼻炎126例。（3） 结果 随访1年，显效109例（86．5％），有效13例（10．3％），无效4例（3．2％），总有效率96．8％。（4）结论 鼻内镜下Nd:YAG激光凝固中鼻甲前1．3端治疗变应性鼻炎，具有视野清楚，操作简便，疗效好等优点，值得临床应用。     

Systematic and random errors in compression testing of trabecular bone

We sought to quantify the systematic and random errors associated with-artifacts in the platens compression test for trabecular bone. Our hypothesis was that while errors may depend on anatomic site, they do not depend on apparent density and therefore have substantial random components. Trabecular bone specimens were first tested nondestructively using newly developed accurate protocols and then were tested again using the platens compression test. Percentage differences in modulus between the techniques (bovine) proximal tibia [n = 18] and humerus [n = 17] and human lumbar spine, [n = 9] were in the range of 4-86%. These differences did not depend on anatomic site (p = 0.21) and were only weakly dependent on apparent density and specimen aspect ratio (r² < 0.10). The mean percentage difference in modulus was 32.6% representing the systematic component of the end-artifact error. Neglecting the minor variations explained by density and specimen size (approximately 10%), an upper bound on the random error from end-artifacts in this experiment was taken as the SD of the modulus difference (±18.2%). Based on a synthesis of data taken from this study and from the literature, we concluded that the systematic underestimation error in the platens compression test can be only approximated and is in the range of 20-40%; the substantial random error (±12.5%) confounds correction, particularly when the sample size is small. These errors should be considered when interpreting results from the platens test, and more accurate testing techniques should be used when such errors are not acceptable.     

银杏外种皮化学成分研究

从银杏外种皮的乙酸乙酯、丙酮和正丁醇提取物中，分得８个结晶，经波谱解析，与对照品及标准图谱对照，分别鉴定为：胡萝卜甙（ｄａｕｃｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ，１）、银杏内酯Ａ和银杏内酯Ｂ混合物（ｇｉｎｋｇｏｌｉｄｅＡａｎｄＢ，２）、银杏内酯Ｃ（ｇｉｎｋｇｏｌｉｄｅＣ...     

单道感应式人工耳蜗装置的研制

感应式人工耳蜗装置将声音信息转变并处理为适当的电信号之后,采用电磁感应的方式将此信号送至植入全聋患者内耳耳蜗靠近听神经纤维的作用电极上,刺激神经发放冲动,使全聋患者恢复音感。本装置经临床全聋患者使用,取得较满意效果。