营养风险与腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的相关性研究

目的 探讨营养风险与腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的相关性。方法 采用回顾性研究，选取2012年1月至2018年12月四川大学华西医院血管外科新入院腹膜后肿瘤患者60例，采用营养风险筛查表评估患者营养风险，收集患者体质指数、围术期血红蛋白和白蛋白水平、住院天数、术后恶心呕吐发生情况、术后排气、排便时间和首次进食时间。采用单因素分析比较不同患者住院时间，采用多重线性逐步回归分析患者住院时间的影响因素。结果 纳入的60例腹膜后肿瘤患者中，40例患者（66.7%）术前存在营养风险，52例患者（86.7%）术后存在营养风险；单因素分析显示，患者术前、术后营养风险 （术前P<0.001，术后P=0.043）、术前白蛋白 （P=0.019）、术后血红蛋白 （P=0.019）、术后白蛋白（P=0.025） 水平以及术后恶心呕吐 （P=0.001） 均会影响患者的住院时间；患者住院时间与围术期营养风险筛查工具评分、术后首次进食时间、术后排气时间和排便时间具有相关性，且相关性强（r=0.759~0.770； P<0.01）；多因素分析显示术前营养风险是腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的重要预测因素（β=0.399）。结论 术前营养风险是腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的预测因子。     

Extracellular vesicles transmitted miR-31-5p promotes sorafenib resistance by targeting MLH1 in renal cell carcinoma

Sorafenib provides survival benefits in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but its use is hampered by acquired drug resistance. It is important to fully clarify the molecular mechanisms of sorafenib resistance, which can help to avoid, delay or reverse drug resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate intercellular communication by delivering effector molecules between cells. Here, we studied whether EVs are involved in sorafenib resistance of RCC and its possible molecular mechanisms. Using differential centrifugation, EVs were isolated from established sorafenib-resistant RCC cells (786-0 and ACHN), and EVs derived from sorafenib-resistant cells were uptaken by sensitive parental RCC cells and thus promoted drug resistance. Elevated exogenous miR-31-5p within EVs effectively downregulated MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) expression and thus promoted sorafenib resistance in vitro. Mice experiments also confirmed that miR-31-5p could mediate drug sensitivity in vivo. In addition, low expression of MLH1 was observed in sorafenib-resistant RCC cells and upregulation of MLH1 expression restored the sensitivity of resistant cell lines to sorafenib. Finally, miR-31-5p level in circulating EVs of RCC patients with progressive disease (PD) during sorafenib therapy was higher when compared to that in the pretherapy status. In conclusion, EVs shuttled miR-31-5p can transfer resistance information from sorafenib-resistant cells to sensitive cells by directly targeting MLH1, and thus magnify the drug resistance information to the whole tumor. Furthermore, miR-31-5p and MLH1 could be promising predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets to prevent sorafenib resistance.     

The influence of processed total non-forward and non-motile sperm count on the outcome of artificial insemination with the husband’s semen

BackgroundArtificial insemination with the husband’s semen (AIH) is an economical and noninvasive method of infertility treatment. However, AIH’s pregnancy rate is much lower than in vitro fertilization (IVF) as its multiple and complex uncertainty factors. Semen quality has been one of the main factors which affect the pregnancy outcome of AIH.MethodsThe relevant parameters of 1,142 AIH cycles were retrospectively studied, including the general parameters and the semen quality parameters among clinical pregnancy, biochemical pregnancy, non-pregnancy group, age, infertility duration, infertility type, body mass index (BMI), cycle count, morphology in previously semen examination, and semen quality parameters on the day of AIH.ResultsThe statistically significant difference was only found on processed total non-forward and non-motile sperm count (N-TFMSC). The mean processed N-TFMSC in the biochemical pregnancy group was 6.37±4.27 million, significantly higher than the other two groups (vs. 4.40±3.15 million or vs. 4.48±3.60 million, P<0.05). The study was then divided into two groups according to processed N-TFMSC, Group 1 ≤5.0 million, and Group 2 >5.0 million. A statistical increase in biochemical pregnancy rate was observed when the processed N-TFMSC was >5.0 million (2.72% vs. 0.90%).ConclusionsProcessed N-TFMSC may be one of the independent factors on AIH’s outcome; it should be given equal attention the same as processed total forward motile sperm count (TFMSC).     

自然周期与促排卵周期联合宫腔内人工授精临床疗效的meta分析

目的系统评价自然周期和促排卵周期联合宫腔内人工授精(intrauterine insemination,IUI)对不孕患者治疗的有效性,旨在更合理有效的指导临床治疗。方法计算机检索2000年1月至2013年6月中国生物医学文献数据库(CBMDisc)、万方数据库、中国学术期刊网专题全文数据库(CNKI)、维普数据库、Pubmed、外文生物医学期刊文献数据(FMJS)中自然周期和促排卵周期联合IUI治疗不孕患者的随机对照试验(RCT)或临床对照试验。由2位评价员根据纳入与排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入9个研究,共8814个周期。Meta分析结果显示:对行IUI的不孕症患者,促排卵周期组与自然周期组相比,妊娠率[OR=1.47,95%CI(1.26,1.72),P0.00001]、流产率[OR=2.49,95%CI(1.49,4.16),P=0.0005]、多胎率[OR=6.94,95%CI(1.94,24.83),P=0.003]均大于自然周期组,且差异有统计学意义;OHSS发生率[OR=4.17,95%CI(0.74,23.49),P=0.11]和宫外孕发生率[OR=2.22,95%CI(0.92,5.37),P=0.08]无明显差异。结论对自然周期和促排卵周期联合IUI治疗不孕患者的有效性而言,促排卵周期组能更好的改善其妊娠率,但其流产率和多胎率的发生较高,因此促排卵方案用于IUI时,其疗效及安全性需要进行更多的临床研究。由于纳入文献存在质量和数量不足以及方法学差异,本研究结论仅作为临床分析的参考,尚需后效评价和不断更新。     

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester,a propolis polyphenolic,attenuates potentially cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction in mice

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) as environmental pollutant can induce severe damage, particularly to the testis. This study investigated the effects of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on testicular dysfunction induced by Cd. Adult mice were intraperitoneally injected with cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) with different doses of CAPE pretreatment. After CdCl₂ injection, body/testis weight ratio decreased, Cd levels accumulated and zinc levels decreased in testis. Furthermore, Cd intoxication caused a significant increase of oxidative stress levels, antioxidant enzymes activities, and glutathione levels. Interestingly, significant improvements were observed after the administration of CAPE. Our results demonstrated the protective effect of CAPE, linking Cd testicular dysfunction to oxidative stress.     

结直肠癌化疗患者营养状况及营养治疗研究进展

结直肠癌是常见的消化道肿瘤，其营养不良发生率高且严重。化疗是结直肠癌常见治疗方式之一，并与营养不良独立相关，化疗后患营养不良风险增大且营养不良进一步加重。同时，营养不良可导致患者化疗疗效差及预后不良，并增加化疗相关不良反应、影响患者生活质量及降低生存率等。营养治疗能够有效改善患者营养状况，在肿瘤综合治疗中有重要作用，且多学科团队合作是有效的营养干预模式。目前营养治疗主要包括营养咨询、口服营养补充剂、肠内营养和肠外营养等，相关指南和研究表明在营养治疗时应首选口服营养补充剂及肠内营养，仅在采用以上治疗后仍存在营养不足或无法进行肠内营养时行肠外营养。本文主要对结直肠癌患者营养状况与化疗之间关系、营养治疗的最新研究进展及相关指南进行综述，以期引起临床上对结直肠癌化疗患者营养治疗方面重视并提供参考。     

Host–microbiome interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a critical node in tryptophan metabolites to brain signaling

ABSTRACT

Tryptophan (Trp) is not only a nutrient enhancer but also has systemic effects. Trp metabolites signaling through the well-known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) constitute the interface of microbiome-gut-brain axis. However, the pathway through which Trp metabolites affect central nervous system (CNS) function have not been fully elucidated. AhR participates in a broad variety of physiological and pathological processes that also highly relevant to intestinal homeostasis and CNS diseases. Via the AhR-dependent mechanism, Trp metabolites connect bidirectional signaling between the gut microbiome and the brain, mediated via immune, metabolic, and neural (vagal) signaling mechanisms, with downstream effects on behavior and CNS function. These findings shed light on the complex Trp regulation of microbiome-gut-brain axis and add another facet to our understanding that dietary Trp is expected to be a promising noninvasive approach for alleviating systemic diseases.     

改良切开引流术治疗直肠壁内脓肿

目的:探讨改良切开引流术治疗直肠壁内脓肿的临床效果。方法:将32例直肠壁内脓肿患者随机分为改良切开引流术(治疗组)和传统切开引流术(对照组)治疗,每组16例,对比观察两组治愈率、创面愈合时间、肛门功能状况、术后复发以及术后并发症情况。结果:治疗组与对照组比较,治疗组治愈率高100%,(P<0·05);创面愈合时间短(17·3±2·5)d,P<0·01;但肛门功能、术后复发及术后并发症两组差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论:改良切开引流术在治疗直肠壁内脓肿方面明显优于传统手术。