Induction of proliferation of B prolymphocytic leukemia cells by phorbol ester and native or recombinant interferon-gamma

Phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces proliferation in nonmalignant human B cells and B cells from a patient with B prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL). Mitogen-free T cell-derived conditioned medium acts synergistically with PMA in inducing proliferation of B-PLL cells but does not enhance the PMA-stimulated outgrowth of nonmalignant B cells. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) has no effect on the outgrowth of B-PLL cells, and monoclonal antibodies against the IL-2 receptor do not influence the response to PMA and conditioned medium. Recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), in contrast, is a potent enhancer of PMA-induced proliferation of B-PLL cells. With gel filtration techniques and with the use of anti-IFN-gamma antibodies, it is shown that IFN-gamma in the conditioned medium is responsible for the observed increase in B-PLL cell proliferation. Preincubation of B- PLL cells with IFN-gamma induces responsiveness to PMA, whereas IFN- gamma alone had no effect on these cells when pretreated with PMA. The combined data show that, in the presence of PMA, native and recombinant IFN-gamma are growth factors for B cells from a B-PLL patient and that IL-2 is not involved in this process.     

A New Variant of Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia With Stomatocytosis and Erythrocyte Cation Abnormality

A new variant of congenital hemolyticanemia associated with stomatocytosis,reticulocytosis, decreased osmotic fragility, type I autohemolysis and shortened erythrocyte survival without specific splenic sequestration was discoveredin three siblings of Swiss-German ancestry. Increased intracellular sodium(two to three times normal) and slightlydecreased intracellular potassium weredetected. Total sodium efflux was eight-fold greater than normal but total potassium influx was normal and ouabain-sensitive potassium influx was decreased.The ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux:potassium influx ratio was 26:1 ratherthan the 3:2 ratio noted in normal cells.The consanguineous parents, four othersiblings, and 44 other family membershad mild stomatocytosis, reticulocytosis,and, when studied, decreased osmoticfragility, increased autohemolysis, intermediate abnormalities of cation content,cation flux, and moderate shortening oferythrocyte survival. Autosomal dominant inheritance was suggested. Noabnormalities of RBC enzymes, hemoglobin or lipids were observed. No abnormalities of membrane protein weredetected on acrylamide gel. Substratedepletion of these hypermetabolic cellsresulted in intracellular dehydrationwith potassium loss in excess of sodiumgain and decreased deformability. Although the exact nature of the defectresponsible for hemolysis is unknown,this syndrome differs from other hereditary hemolytic anemias associated withstomatocytosis.

Submitted on December 21, 1970 Revised on March 16, 1971 Accepted on March 29, 1971     

Platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa as a calcium channel in liposomes

Human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (GPIIb and IIIa) were incorporated into phospholipid vesicles by the reverse-phase technique to assess the ability of GPIIb and IIIa to function as a Ca2+ channel. Movement of Ca2+ across the lipid bilayer was quantitated by injection of proteoliposomes with encapsulated Fura-2 into Ca2+ buffers and measurement of Fura-2 fluorescence as an indicator of Ca2+ influx. Reciprocally, to assess the function of proteins in an inside-out orientation, Ca2+-loaded vesicles were injected into Ca2+-free buffer and Ca2+ efflux monitored by a calcium electrode. Incorporation of the IIb-IIIa complex produced significant facilitation of Ca2+ movement across the lipid bilayer. No net transmembrane Ca2+ movement was seen with dissociated IIb and IIIa. Movement of Ca2+ was proportional to the transmembrane Ca2+ gradient. Ca2+ movement into the vesicles was inversely proportional to extravesicular NaCl from 25 to 150 mmol/L, analogous to several studies in the intact platelet. Adenosine triphosphate had no effect on Ca2+ movement into or out of the vesicles. Specific inhibition of a Ca2+ shift into the vesicles was seen with M148, a monoclonal antibody to IIb/IIIa, while no inhibition was observed with a panel of other anti-IIb/IIIa monoclonal antibodies. This suggests that a specific site on the complex or orientation of the complex is essential for calcium channel function. These data demonstrate that the GPIIb/IIIa complex can serve as a passive Ca2+ channel across a phospholipid bilayer and has the potential to play a role in Ca2+ flux across the platelet plasma membrane.     

TLIF术式在布氏杆菌性脊柱炎病人中的临床疗效及安全性分析

目的 对比分析单纯后路内固定+一期经腰椎间孔病椎间病灶清除(TLIF)与经典的前后联合手术在布氏杆菌性脊柱炎患者中的临床疗效及安全性。 方法 对我院2015年1月至2017年12月收治的93例布病性脊柱炎患者的临床资料进行分析。按手术方式分为观察组(45例)和对照组(48例)。对两组患者的基础数据、临床指标、术前术后各项指标水平以及术后并发症、植骨治愈情况。 结果 观察组与对照组基础数据比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者的手术时间、住院天数、术中出血量及术后下床时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。两组患者术后3个月的ODI、VAS、CRP、ESR及Cobb角均明显低于术前(P<0.05);术后3个月,观察组患者的ODI、VAS、CRP、ESR及Cobb角均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率(4.4%)明显低于对照组(25.0%)(Χ²=7.674,P<0.01)。 结论 TLIF治疗布氏杆菌性脊柱炎患者的临床疗效突出,安全性较好,更有利于患者术后身体的恢复。     

Enhanced Bone Regeneration Using Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa

Small instestinal submucosa (SIS) is an easily produced material that has been used experimentally for tissue engineering. To evaluate the ability of SIS to facilitate bone growth within a long-bone defect, a segment of the radius was surgically removed in adult, female Sprague-Dawley rats. The defect was either left unfilled or implanted with SIS, demineralized cortical bone (DMCB), or ovalbumin. The defect was evaluated radiographically and histologically after 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Tissue remodeling within the defect was evident by week 3 in SIS- and DMCB-treated rats. Filling was characterized initially by infiltration of mononuclear cells and extracellular material in SIS-implanted rats and multifocal remodeling bone particles and cartilage formation in DMCB implanted rats. Cartilage was observed as early as 3 weeks and bone as early as 6 weeks in SIS-implanted rats. Filling of the defect arose from multiple foci in DMCB-implanted rats, but was contiguous with and parallel to the ulnar shaft in SIS-implanted rats, suggesting that defect repair by SIS may be conductive rather than inductive. Rats in which the defect was left unfilled demonstrated slow but progressive filling of the defect, characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrates and fibrous extracellular material. In summary, SIS facilitated rapid filling of a longbone defect. These results suggest that SIS may be useful as a bone repair material.     

The Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Eating Disorder Patients

Having a relative with an eating disorder (ED) affects the life of family caregivers and may thus affect their quality of life. To study this aspect, 40 caregivers of ED patients filled out a health-related quality of life questionnaire (Short Form-36) and a questionnaire on the impact of the ED on various areas of life domains, and on the relationship with the ED patient and the need for professional support. Quality of life of caregivers was worse than in a normal reference group. Specifically, mental health, vitality and emotional role functioning were reported to be most impaired. ED appeared to affect families’ lives substantially. In response to the ED, caregivers felt anxious, powerless, sad, or desperate. The relationship of the caregiver with the ED patient had also changed. Caregivers were more worried, lost their trust, and reported more conflicts. Seventy five percent welcomed professional support. Caregivers need practical advice, information on ED, and emotional support. Quality of life of caregivers should be addressed in the treatment of ED.     

Surrogate markers for cerebral blood flow correlate with [18F]‐fallypride binding potential at dopamine D2/3 receptors in human striatum

Positron emission tomography (PET) with the high affinity dopamine D_2/3 receptor ligand [¹⁸F]‐fallypride affords estimates of the binding potential (BP_ND) in extra‐striatal regions of low receptor abundance, but the sufficient recording time for accurate measurements in striatum has been called into question. We have earlier argued that transient equilibrium measurements are obtained in striatum with [¹⁸F]‐fallypride PET recordings of 3 h duration, which may be the practical limit for clinical investigations without interrupted scanning. However, the high extraction fraction of [¹⁸F]‐fallypride predicts flow‐dependence of tracer delivery to brain, which may be a source of variance of the apparent BP_ND in regions of high binding. To test this prediction, we conducted a retrospective analysis of [¹⁸F]‐fallypride PET data from a group of 50 healthy volunteers (age 18–58 years [mean ± SD: 32.6 ± 10.6), who had participated in clinical studies without arterial input measurements. We used the initial 120‐s integral (AUC) of the venous confluence (VC) as a surrogate marker for cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tested for correlations between regional estimates of BP_ND calculated by the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and the individual VC‐AUC. The magnitude of BP_ND in a high binding region (putamen), but not in a low binding region (thalamus) correlated positively with VC‐AUC, suggesting that approximately 9% of the variance in the [¹⁸F]‐fallypride BP_ND in putamen can be attributed to individual differences in this surrogate marker for CBF, a contribution equal in magnitude to the effects of age on BP_ND in putamen of the present healthy control group. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

亚麻子水提液对DPP-4及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制实验研究

目的通过观察亚麻子水提液对二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,为该药防治糖尿病提供实验依据。方法①以DPP-4酶、缓冲液、底物建立DPP-4抑制剂的体外筛选体系,对亚麻子水提液进行抑制实验,采用发色底物法测定吸光度（OD）,计算DPP-4抑制率及IC50值;②以蔗糖为底物建立α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制模型,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定亚麻子水提液对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,计算其抑制率和IC50值。结果①亚麻子具有轻度DPP-4抑制作用,其IC50值738.20mg/L;②亚麻子具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,其IC50值为365.9mg/mL。结论亚麻子水提液可一定程度地抑制DPP-4及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性。     

广州市荔湾区青少年脊柱侧凸患病率的调查研究

目的了解广州市荔湾区青少年脊柱侧凸的患病率。方法 2011年7月~2012年1月对荔湾区8351名7~15岁在校中小学生进行了脊柱侧凸普查,应用脊柱侧凸两检法（体检、X线照片）,体检阳性或可疑阳性者到医院照脊柱全长正侧位X片,采用Cobb法测量,Cobb角≥10°诊断为脊柱侧凸。结果一检阳性结果 175名（2.1%）,二检阳性为85名（1.02%）,男性31名,女性54名,男∶女患病率比为1∶1.76,其中特发性脊柱侧凸81名,占95.3%,先天性侧凸3名,神经肌肉源性1名。结论荔湾区中小学生脊柱侧凸发病率为1.02%,通过普查,可以早发现、早诊断青少年脊柱侧凸,及时选择适当方法进行治疗。