Glycosyltransferase activities in normal and leukaemic monocytic cells

Glycosyltransferase activities were measured in normal monocytes and in leukaemic monoblasts. Biosynthesis of glycosylated derivatives of dolichyl-monophosphate, which act as intermediates in glycosylation, was measured. Transfer of mannose from GDP-mannose was greatly increased in leukaemic monoblasts. Galactosyltransferase activities, using endogenous protein acceptors, were increased in leukaemic cells of the monocytic lineage compared to normal cells. No significant difference was observed on specific exogenous glycoprotein acceptors. These selective increases of some glycosyltransferase activities in normal and leukaemic monocytic cells can be correlated either with different expression of specific carbohydrate structures or with changes in glycosylation regulation.     

凋亡抑制基因survivin反义寡核苷酸联合bcl-2反义寡核苷酸诱导肺癌细胞株凋亡的实验观察

目的：探讨凋亡：抑制基因survivin反义寡核苷酸单用或联用bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对肺癌细胞株的作用，探讨其在抗癌方面的作用。方法：①实验于2002-08／2003-04在蚌埠医学院免疫学实验室完成。将对数生长期NCI—H446细胞分为6组：空白对照组，脂质体10mg／L组（仅加空脂质体），NSODN 500nmol／L组（该3组均为对照组），survivin反义寡核苷酸500nmol／L组，bcl-2反义寡核苷酸5μmol／L，survivin反义寡核苷酸500nmol／L＋bcl-2反义寡核苷酸5μmol／L组（分别在脂质体介导下转染不同寡核苷酸，48h后收取细胞进行以下检测）。②在脂质体介导下，以survivin的反义寡核苷酸作用于肺癌细胞株NCI-H446和SPC—A1，于72h用反转录聚合酶链反应检测survivin mRNA表达。凋亡指数：（静止期／DNA合成前期）占整个细胞周期的百分比；增殖指数=（DNA复制期＋合成后期／有丝分裂期）占整个细胞周期的百分比。②survivin反义寡核苷酸单独或联合bcl-2反义寡核苷酸作用NCI—H446后，用四甲基偶氮唑盐法检测细胞生长抑制率并计算两药相互作用指数，锥虫蓝拒染实验检测细胞死亡率。（3）计量资料差异性比较采用方差分析和q检验。结果：①两种肺癌细胞株皆表达survivin基因。survivin反义寡核苷酸作用细胞株后，出现生长抑制和细胞凋亡，细胞survivin mRNA明显下调，反义寡核苷酸500nmol／L作用72h后NCI—H446和SPC—A1细胞survivin mRNA抑制率分别达62．72％和67．43％。②四甲基偶氮唑盐法检测结果显示，survivin反义寡核苷酸和bcl-2反义寡核苷酸单独应用对NCI—H446细胞均有生长抑制作用；联合应用survivin反义寡核苷酸和bcl-2反义寡核苷酸的细胞生长抑制率为64．9％，优于单独应用（单用bcl-2反义寡核苷酸为34．2％）（P〈0．01），两药相互作用指数为0．708。锥虫蓝拒染实验显示，survivin反义寡核苷酸500nmol／L＋bcl-2反义寡核苷酸5μmol／L组细胞死亡率为62．1％，高于两药单用时的31．4％和41．4％。流式细胞仪检测凋亡显示，与各对照组相比，survivin反义寡核苷酸和bcl-2反义寡核苷酸均可诱导细胞凋亡，凋亡率分别为43．6％和30．7％，两者联用凋亡率提高到58．6％（p〈0．01）。结论：①survivin反义寡核苷酸能抑制肺癌细胞株survivin基因表达，并诱导细胞凋亡和抑制生长。②survivin反义寡核苷酸联合bcl-2反义寡核苷酸具有显著协同抗癌作用。     

乳腺癌的综合影像诊断的应用价值

目的 探讨影像检查在乳腺癌诊断中的应用及其价值。方法 对50例经临床手术病理证实的乳腺癌患的影像学检查资料(包括彩色多普勒超声、数字乳腺钼靶片及CT)进行回顾性分析，总结每项检查对乳腺癌的诊断方法及影像综合诊断过程中应注意的问题。结果 乳腺癌的彩色多普勒超声、数字钼靶片、CT的诊断正确率分别为90％、82％、74％，三结合的诊断正确率为100％。结论 影像综合检查对乳腺癌的早期发现、确诊及制订治疗方案具有重要价值。     

Volumetric capnography as a bedside monitoring of thrombolysis in major pulmonary embolism

Objective To describe the use of volumetric capnography, a plot of expired CO₂ concentration against expired volume, in monitoring fibrinolytic treatment of major pulmonary embolism.Design and setting Two case reports in the emergency department of a teaching hospital.Patients Two conscious and spontaneously breathing patients (69- and 31-year-old women) with major pulmonary embolism requiring thrombolysis. Decision for thrombolysis was based on the association of right ventricular afterload on echocardiography, with respiratory failure and hypotension in the first patient, and dyspnea and hemodynamically stable parameters in the second one.Interventions Successive capnographic measurements were performed before, during, and after thrombolysis. Curves of volumetric capnography were obtained from a sidestream gas monitor with flow sensor and an arterial blood gas analysis for CO₂ partial pressure.Measurements and results We calculated late deadspace fraction, previously suggested as the most effective capnographic parameter in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Late deadspace fraction decreased in the two patients, respectively, from 64.4% to 1.1% and from 25.6% to 5.7% after thrombolysis, with a concomitant disappearance of right heart dysfunction signs on echocardiography.Conclusions Volumetric capnography can monitor thrombolysis in major pulmonary embolism. Differences between volumetric capnography technology and the more traditional arterial to end-tidal CO₂ gradient are important to take into account for clinical application.     

大肠息肉癌变52例的临床、内镜及病理分析

本文对１９７８年１０月～１９９４年１２月间的５２例大肠息肉癌变进行了回顾性的临床、内镜及病理的分析，癌变率４，２７％，５０岁以上组最多见，占６５．３％，其患病率随年龄增长而显著增加。其中以绒毛状腺瘤、混合腺瘤癌变率较高，二者间无差异（ｐ＞０．０５），管状腺瘤较低，与前二者差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０１），并发现１例炎性息肉癌变。直径＞２．０ｃｍ，息肉癌变率明显高于２．０ｃｍ以下者（ｐ＜０．０１），息肉基底愈宽愈短，癌变率愈高，广基息肉癌变率最高。大部分癌变息肉均有形态学改变。探讨了大肠癌的组织发生、息肉癌变因素及息肉癌变的早期诊断、早期防治的方法。     

Pharmacokinetics, thrombolytic efficacy and hemorrhagic risk of different streptokinase regimens in heparin-treated acute myocardial infarction

The systemic activator activity of 4 streptokinase (SK) regimens (250,000 IU intracoronary, group A; 500,000 IU, group B; 1.5 X 10(6) IU, group C; and 30 U anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) intravenously, group D) was tested with the fibrin plate technique. One hour after initiation of treatment, the activator activity was highest after APSAC (3.6 +/- 0.9 U), slightly but not significantly less after SK 1.5 X 10(6) IU (3.0 +/- 0.7), and significantly less after SK 500,000 IU (1.6 +/- 0.5) and 250,000 IU (0.6 +/- 0.5), p less than 0.001. After SK, activator activity half-lives were 184 minutes (group B) and 169 minutes (group C), and after APSAC 188 minutes (group D). These were all in agreement with greater than 12 hour duration of changes in other markers of systemic fibrinolysis (euglobulin lysis time) and substrates depletion (fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha 2 antiplasmin). In extended pilot clinical groups given identical thrombolytic regimens during full anticoagulation with heparin, angiographic coronary patency was found in 83% (35 of 42) after intracoronary SK (group 1), in 73 and 75%, respectively, after 500,000 IU (31 of 43) and 1.5 X 10(6) IU (30 of 40) (group 2 and 3, difference not significant) and 80% (8 of 10) after the 30-U bolus of APSAC (group 4). The overall hemorrhagic risk was 24%, equally distributed among the 4 regimens and mostly (91%) related to catheters. The incidence of bleeding unrelated to vessel puncture was 4%; no deaths occurred. It is concluded that APSAC is the most fibrinolytic regimen but its potential thrombolytic superiority over SK remains to be demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Potential mediators of the mortality reduction with zoledronic acid after hip fracture

Zoledronic acid reduces the risk of death by 28% after hip fracture, but the mechanisms are not known. This exploratory analysis sought to identify potential pathways for the reduction in mortality with zoledronic acid after hip fracture. This was a retrospective analysis of a randomized, controlled trial. Patients with recent hip fracture (n = 2111) were treated with zoledronic acid or placebo infusion yearly, as well as calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Causes of death were adjudicated by a blinded central review committee. Baseline comorbidities, events occurring during the study period, including subsequent fracture, change in bone density, infections, cardiovascular events, arrhythmias, and falls, were included in multivariable analyses. In a model adjusted for baseline risk factors, zoledronic acid reduced the risk of death by 25% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–0.97). The effect was consistent across most subgroups. Subsequent fractures were significantly associated with death (hazard ratio 1.72, 95% CI 1.17–2.51) but explained only 8% of the zoledronic acid effect. Adjusting for acute events occurring during follow‐up eliminated the death benefit, and zoledronic acid–treated subjects were less likely to die from pneumonia (interaction p = .04) and arrhythmias (interaction p = .02) than placebo‐treated subjects. Only 8% of zoledronic acid's death benefit is due to a reduction in secondary fractures. Zoledronic acid may have an effect on cardiovascular events and pneumonia. Further studies of zoledronic acid in other acute illnesses may be warranted. Copyright © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research     

Hip fractures in Italy: 2000–2005 extension study

Summary

A total of 507,671 people ≥65 experienced hip fractures between 2000 and 2005. In 2005, 94,471 people ≥65 were hospitalized due to hip fractures, corresponding to a 28.5% increase over 6 years. Most fractures occurred in patients ≥75 (82.9%; n?=?420,890; +16% across 6 years), particularly in women (78.2%; n?=?396,967).

Introduction

We aimed to analyze incidence and costs of hip fractures in Italy over the last 6 years.

Methods

We analyzed the national hospitalization and DRG databases concerning fractures occurred in people ≥65 between 2000 and 2005.

Results

A total of 507,671 people ≥65 experienced hip fractures across 6 years, resulting in about 120,000 deaths. In year 2005 94,471 people aged ≥65 were hospitalized due to hip fractures, corresponding to a 28.5% increase over 6 years. The majority of hip fractures occurred in patients ≥75 (82.9%; n?=?420,890; +16% across 6 years) and particularly in women (78.2%; n?=?396,967). Among women, 84.2% of fractures (n?=?334,223; +28.0% over 6 years) were experienced by patients ≥75, which is known to be the age group with the highest prevalence of osteoporosis, accounting for 68.6% of the overall observed increase in the total number of fractures. Hip fractures in men ≥75 increased by 33.1% (up to 16,540). Hospitalization costs increased across the six examined years (+36.1%) reaching 467 million euros in 2005, while rehabilitation costs rose up to 531 million in the same year.

Conclusions

Hip fractures of the elderly are increasing and represent a major health problem in industrialized countries such as Italy.     

一测多评技术在天麻药材质量评价中的应用

目的：采用一测多评技术同时测定天麻药材中多种成分的含量,为快速评价天麻药材质量、完善天麻药材的质量控制方法提供技术依据。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以天麻素为内标物,建立其与对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的相对校对因子,并进行含量测定,实现一测多评。同时采用外标法测定15批天麻药材中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的含量,验证一测多评的准确性。结果：采用相对校正因子计算的含量值与外标法的实测值之间无显著性差异。结论：在对照品缺乏的情况下,以外标法测定天麻素,利用相对校正因子实现对天麻药材中对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的含量测定是可行的。     

柴胡、竹叶柴胡对小鼠的抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的：研究柴胡、竹叶柴胡的抗炎、镇痛作用。方法：采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法观察受试样品的抗炎作用;采用热板法观察受试样品的镇痛作用。结果：耳廓肿胀试验中,在12g·kg-1剂量下,柴胡、竹叶柴胡可使模型小鼠耳肿胀度显著降低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;热板法镇痛试验中,在12g·kg-1剂量下,柴胡、竹叶柴胡可使小鼠的痛阈值显著延长（P〈0.05）。结论：柴胡、竹叶柴胡均具抗炎与镇痛作用。