胰岛的血液引流与胰腺外分泌的机能和临床意义

目的　研究胰岛的血液引流与胰腺外分泌的机能联系与临床意义。方法　运用微血管树脂 /墨汁灌注扫描电镜 /光镜观察法、保留动态及组织信息在静态样本的微循环观察法、FITC标记红细胞 (FITC- RBC)荧光活体显微镜观察法以及计算机图像处理微血管三维重建法 ,对 11例男性尸体、40只猴、2 4只狗、62只鼠、2 4只兔的胰岛血液引流通道与胰腺外分泌腺泡的关系进行了系统研究。结果　不同动物的内分泌胰岛血液主要经胰岛的三种类型输出血管引流至不同的外分泌腺泡区域 ,灵长类的部分胰岛血液还引流至邻近的小胰岛 ,研究者根据胰岛引流系统的特征对其进行了分类及命名 :1连续型引流系统 ,所有胰岛具有这类引流 (输出 )管道 ,其管径细 ,行程短、引流至胰岛周围的腺泡毛细血管区域。 2聚合型引流系统 ,为部分胰岛所有 ,其管径粗、行程长 ,引流至远离胰岛的腺泡毛细血管区域。 3跨越型引流系统 ,为部分胰岛所有 ,其输出管道越过小叶间隔引流至另一胰腺小叶的腺泡毛细血管区域 ,而这一小叶往往没有胰岛存在。 4胰岛 -胰岛型引流系统 ,灵长类部分胰岛的血液通过胰岛 -胰岛型引流通道回流至邻近的小胰岛。结论　胰岛具有完善联系外分泌腺泡的引流系统 ,提示含有高浓度胰岛内分泌激素的胰岛血液可能对外分泌腺泡的机能     

黄连素对灌流心脏发生心衰的保护作用

目的　探讨黄连素对心脏衰竭的发生有无保护作用。方法　采用 L angendorff法灌流离体心脏 ,用维那帕米造成急性心衰 ;比较用黄连素和不用黄连素的心脏心衰程度的差异。结果　用黄连素 (10 - 6 mol/ L)灌流心脏后再用维那帕米致衰 ,此时心衰发生的程度明显轻于未用黄连素组 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　黄连素对心力衰竭的发生具有保护作用     

胃癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的　探索湖南省胃癌发生的危险因素和保护因素 ,为综合防治提供流行病学依据。方法　采用 1:1配对的病例对照研究 ,对 175对病例及对照进行饮食及生活行为问卷调查。用比值比(OR)来估计各危险因素与胃癌的联系强度 ,采用Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析 ,筛选出胃癌的危险因素。结果　影响胃癌发生的主要危险因素有 :饮酒 (OR =1.5 8,95 %CI1.18～ 2 .13)、饮食不规律 (OR =2 .0 0 ,95 %CI 1.34～ 3.10 )、高盐饮食 (OR =1.82 ,95 %CI 1.2 1～ 2 .74 )等 ;饮绿茶 (OR =0 .4 7,95 %CI 0 .2 6～ 0 .85 )是胃癌发生的保护因素。结论　纠正不良的饮食及生活行为 ,经常饮绿茶可能减小胃癌的发生的危险性     

山葡萄籽油(EPC)调节血脂作用的研究

对长白山地区山葡萄籽油调节血脂作用进行了研究.建立Wistar大鼠高脂血症模型后,观察葡萄籽油调节血脂功能.结果15天后高剂量组具有很好的降脂作用,TC下降达17.5%.30天后小剂量和大剂量组均具有调节血脂的作用,TC、TG两项指标均下降15%以上,特别是大剂量组TC下降24.6%(P＜0.001),TG下降23%(P＜0.01).通过对大鼠的试验研究证实,EPC油具有调节血脂作用,且给药时间越长,效果越明显.     

微创跖骨近端截骨联合Akin截骨术治疗重度外翻

目的探讨微创跖骨近端闭合楔形截骨术(proximal closing wedge osteotomy,PCWO)联合Akin截骨术治疗重度外翻的临床疗效。方法选取2016年8月至2018年8月重度外翻患者45例(50足),其中男14例,女31例;年龄(40.1±13.0)岁(范围17~67岁)。50足均采用微创PCWO联合Akin截骨术治疗。术前、术后3个月、6个月、12个月、末次随访时均通过X线片测量外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第一、二跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),跖骨远端关节角(distal metatarsal articular angle,DMAA),跖趾关节远端固定角(distal articular set angle,DASA),趾骨间角(interphalangeal angle,IPA),参照美国足踝外科学会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)评分和Olerud-Molander主观功能评分(Olerud-Molander ankle score,OMA)标准进行疗效评定,测量术前、末次随访时第一跖骨的绝对长度、相对长度并计算前后差值。结果45例术后均获随访,随访时间(18.20±2.04)个月(范围12~22个月)。无复发病例,无转移性跖痛。术前,术后3、6、12个月及末次随访的HVA分别为42.83°±4.63°、12.83°±1.53°、13.49°±1.33°、14.08°±1.49°、14.12°±1.35°,术后各节点与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前,术后3、6、12个月及末次随访的IMA分别为18.29°±0.94°、7.84°±1.22°、8.31°±1.03°、9.01°±1.08°、9.09°±1.11°,术后各节点与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,术后3、6、12个月及末次随访的AOFAS评分分别为(50.64±7.94)分、(88.80±2.68)分、(90.10±3.51)分、(91.20±3.89)分、(91.37±3.71)分,术后各节点与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前,术后3、6、12个月及末次随访的OMA评分为(61.00±7.00)分、(90.90±5.02)分、(91.60±4.57)分、(93.20±3.61)分、(93.48±4.91)分,术后各节点与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访与术前比较,第一跖骨绝对短缩3.03 mm,相对短缩0.72 mm。结论微创PCWO联合Akin截骨术治疗重度外翻可有效矫正外翻畸形,并且手术切口小,安全性高,疗效确切,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Deregulated microRNA-22-3p in patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury serves as a new biomarker to predict disease occurrence and 28-day survival outcomes

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of sepsis. MicroRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) has been found to be involved in septic AKI progression. The purpose of this study was to analyze both the serum and urinary expression of miR-22-3p in septic AKI patients, and evaluated the clinical value of miR-22-3p in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis-induced AKI.

Methods

Serum and urinary expression of miR-22-3p was examined using qRT-PCR. The risk factors related with septic AKI onset were assessed using logistic analysis. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of miR-22-3p, and the Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the predictive value of miR-22-3p for the 28-day survival of septic AKI patients.

Results

Both serum and urinary miR-22-3p expression was decreased and negatively correlated with kidney injury biomarkers in septic AKI patients. MiR-22-3p expression was a risk factor for AKI onset and had diagnostic accuracy in septic AKI patients. The expression of both serum and urinary miR-22-3p was lower in patients who died, and served as a prognostic biomarker to predict 28-day survival in septic AKI patients.

Conclusion

Serum and urinary miR-22-3p was reduced in sepsis-induced AKI patients, and served as a biomarker to predict AKI occurrence and 28-day survival in sepsis patients.

     

Comparison of efficacy and safety of daily oral L-arginine and PDE5Is alone or combination in treating erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

The meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of daily oral L-arginine and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) alone or combination in treating patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). We performed a search of randomised controlled trials in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Four articles including 373 patients were studied. Erectile functions were significantly improved in three therapy groups compared with baseline. Patients who received the combination of L-arginine and PDE5Is showed significant improvement compared to those treated with L-arginine and PDE5Is alone, as assessed by sexual function index (p <0.00001 and p =0.005, respectively) and total testosterone (p <0.00001 and p =0.0007, respectively). Furthermore, patients who treated with PDE5Is alone exhibited the better efficacy than those treated with L-arginine alone in respects of sexual function index (p <0.00001) and total testosterone (p =0.0001). However, the combination of L-arginine and PDE5Is had no obvious difference relative to PDE5Is alone in terms of various adverse events (AEs). Conclusively, compared with monotherapy, the combination of L-arginine and PDE5Is showed a greater improvement of sexual function and total testosterone, and did not significantly increase the AEs. Besides, PDE5Is alone revealed a better effect than those treated with L-arginine alone for patients with ED.     

Role of shear wave elastography measured in the flaccid state in predicting arteriogenic erectile dysfunction

The gold-standard method for diagnosing arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (AED) is the penile Doppler ultrasonography. We proposed a novel method for predicting AED using ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) considering that the former was invasive and variable. A total of 98 male patients were enrolled in our study, referred for ED between December 2018 and October 2020. For comparison, we also included 42 volunteers from the Healthy Physical Examination Center of our hospital. The Penile Doppler Ultrasonography (PDU) and SWE were performed for all patients with the intracavernosal injection (ICI). We named three groups as AED group, nonvascular ED group and healthy controls group. No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. There were no significant differences in IIEF-5 between AED and nonvascular ED. A significant (r = 0.642, p < 0.0001) positive correlation between flaccid and erectile SWE was observed. With a cut-off value of 13.45 KPa, the area under curve, specificity, and sensitivity of the SWE values under the flaccid state in distinguishing AED from healthy subjects were 0.867, 0.786 and 0.896 respectively. The SWE value in the flaccid state can distinguish the AED from healthy subjects.