内洋地黄素拮抗剂上调缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌细胞膜钠泵亚基的表达

目的： 观察内洋地黄素特异性拮抗剂地高辛抗血清对心肌缺血再灌注（MIR）损伤大鼠心肌组织内洋地黄素水平、钠泵活性、线粒体总钙浓度以及钠泵各亚基基因表达的影响，探讨内洋地黄素在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及其机制。方法: 将56只雄性SD大鼠随机分成7组，每组8只。假手术对照组（sham）：丝线穿过左冠状动脉前降支，但不结扎；缺血再灌注组（MIR）：结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min，再灌注45 min；生理盐水组（NS）、维拉帕米组（Ver）、小剂量、中剂量、大剂量地高辛抗血清组（ADA）：于再灌注前5 min经股静脉分别注射生理盐水、维拉帕米5 mg·kg^-1、地高辛抗血清8.6 mg·kg^-1、 17.3 mg·kg^-1、34.5 mg·kg^-1，容积均为5 mL·kg^-1，5 min内注射完毕，其余同MIR模型组。再灌注结束后，立即取缺血区左室心肌检测心肌匀浆内洋地黄素水平、心肌细胞膜Na+ K+_ATP酶和Ca2+_Mg2+_ATP酶活性、线粒体总钙浓度；分别采用RT-PCR及Western blotting方法和免疫组化方法检测心肌钠泵α₁、α₂、α₃和β₁亚基mRNA及蛋白水平基因表达的改变。结果: 心肌缺血再灌注损伤时，心肌组织内洋地黄素水平明显升高，心肌细胞膜钠泵和Ca2+_Mg2+_ATP酶活性显著下降，线粒体总钙浓度升高，钠泵α₁、α₂、α₃和β₁亚基在mRNA及蛋白水平基因表达均明显下降；维拉帕米除具有降低线粒体总钙浓度外，对其它各项指标无明显影响。地高辛抗血清呈剂量依赖性地显著降低心肌组织内洋地黄素水平，恢复细胞膜钠泵和Ca2+_Mg2+_ATP酶活性，降低线粒体总钙浓度，上调钠泵α₁、α₂、α₃和β₁亚基mRNA及蛋白水平的基因表达。结论: 心肌缺血再灌注促进机体内洋地黄素分泌增加，后者通过下调心肌细胞膜上的钠泵α₁、α₂、α₃和β₁亚基基因表达抑制钠泵活性，进而抑制Ca2+_Mg2+_ATP酶活性，导致线粒体内钙超载，介导心肌缺血再灌注损伤。内洋地黄素特异性拮抗剂地高辛抗血清通过阻断内洋地黄素的生物学作用，上调钠泵各亚基的基因表达，发挥其抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。     

Reduction of adhesion formation in rabbits by intraperitoneal administration of lazaroid formulations

Adhesion formation is a major source of postoperative morbidity and mortality. In this study, the ability of a variety of lazaroid formulations [the antioxidant 21-aminosteroid PNU74006F (tirilazad) and the non-steroidal 2-methylaminochroman derivative PNU83,836E] to reduce i.p. adhesion formation in three rabbit models was examined. In initial studies, PNU83836E was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump to the site of injury. In the sidewall and double uterine horn models, PNU83,836E was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump for the entire postoperative interval. In the sidewall model, there was a dose- dependent reduction in the area of the sidewall injury that was involved in adhesions. In the double uterine horn model, PNU83,836E was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump to the area of injury for 1, 2, 3 or 7 days. Administration for as little as 24 h after surgery significantly reduced the extent of adhesion formation and the reduction was increased if it was administered for longer. Further studies were conducted in which various lazaroid formulations were administered as a bolus at the end of surgery. In both the sidewall and double uterine horn models, administration of either PNU83,386E (in citrate buffer) or PNU74006F (in cyclodextrin or lipid emulsion vehicles) at the end of surgery reduced adhesion formation. Administration of a bolus of PNU74006F 10 min prior to initiation of surgery with or without additional treatment at the end of surgery further increased its efficacy in the reduction of adhesion formation. Administration of a minimum of 1.5 mg before and after surgery (3 mg total) was required for maximal efficacy. These studies demonstrate that pre- and postoperative administration of either a steroidal (PNU74006F) or non-steroidal (PNU83,836E) lazaroid intraperitoneally reduced the formation and reformation of postoperative adhesions in three animal models.      

冠心病家族史青少年载脂蛋白E、B的基因多态性

目的 探讨青少年载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E，apoE)、apoB基因多态性对冠心病的遗传易感性。方法 应用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性技术，对244名健康汉族大学生(冠心病家族史阳性者109人，阴性者135人)的apoE、apoB XbaI、apoB 3’可变数目串联重复序列(variable number of tandem repeat ，VNTR)基因型进行分析。结果 阳性组的e4、x^ 、VNTR—B(hypervariable element，HVE＞38)等位基因频率显著高于阴性组(P＜0．05)，且与血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇、aPoBl00水平升高有显著相关(P＜0．05)。结论 apoE的e4、apoB Xba I的x^ 、apoB3’VNTR的VNTR—B可能为冠心病的重要遗传标记。     

难治性便秘综合治疗及影响因素的评价

目的评价综合治疗对难治性便秘的疗效及影响因素。方法将84例难治性便秘分为非重叠组和重叠组。应用个体化综合治疗4周,观察便秘症状评分变化及总有效率,分析IC患者的重叠症状和心理障碍状态对疗效的影响。结果(1)84例便秘患者中,重叠组和非重叠组分别占40.5%和59.5%。(2)重叠组和非重叠组的总有效率分别为50.0%和78.0%(P<0.05)。(3)对37例IC患者的心理测试调查显示,59.4%(22/37)有心理障碍状态,重叠组和非重叠组伴有心理障碍状态对治疗的总有效率分别为4.8%和31.5%(P<0.05)。结论适合个体化的综合治疗使多数难治性便秘缓解症状,但伴有重叠症状,尤其心理障碍状态则影响疗效。     

内脏高敏感大鼠结肠电活动及运动异常

目的探讨内脏高敏感大鼠结肠电活动及运动的特点。方法实验分对照组和模型组,模型组腹腔注射鸡卵清蛋白使大鼠内脏致敏。2周后,记录结肠快波、慢波及收缩波,观察消化间期移行性综合肌电IMC的周期、Ⅲ期持续时间、快波和慢波的波动频率及平均最大振幅,记录结肠收缩波数目及收缩波指数。结果模型组消化间期复合肌电的周期延长(P<0·01),Ⅲ期持续时间延长(P<0·01),快波的波动率加快(P<0·05),平均最大振幅增大(P<0·01)。慢波的波动频率加快(P<0·05),平均最大振幅增大(P<0·01)。收缩波数目增加(P<0·05),收缩波指数增大(P<0·05)。结论内脏高敏感大鼠结肠电活动及运动有明显异常。     

ATP敏感钾通道在马桑内酯所致海马神经元癫痫样放电中的作用

目的：为了研究马桑内酯致痫时癫痫样放电与神经元内在兴奋性变化的关系。方法：实验采用大鼠海马脑片技术，细胞外微电极记录的方法，观察了ATP敏感钾通道激动剂腺苷对海马脑片CA1区细胞群体锋电位的作用。结果：腺苷对马桑内酯所致的成串癫痫样放电具有抑制作用。结论：ATP敏感的钾通道可能是马桑内酯致痫时神经元内在兴奋性增高的重要因素之一。     

Lysosome is a primary organelle in B cell receptor-mediated apoptosis: an indispensable role of Syk in lysosomal function

To investigate the mechanism of B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated apoptosis, we utilized immature B cell lines, DT40 and WEHI-231. In both cell lines, BCR-crosslinking caused the increase in lysosomal pH with early apoptotic changes characterized by chromatin condensation and phosphatidylserine exposure. This increase was detected in c-Abl-deficient DT40 cells but not in Syk-deficient cells, which corresponded to the fact that the former cells but not the latter revealed BCR-induced apoptosis. In contrast, BCR-crosslinking caused no apparent change in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Therefore, the lysosomal change might be a primary event in BCR-induced apoptosis in DT40 cells. The increased activity of cathepsin B and apoptosis-preventing effect of a cathepsin inhibitor suggested a significant role of lysosomal enzymes in this apoptosis. By microscopic studies, lysosomes of wild-type DT40 cells fused to BCR-carrying endosomes became enlarged and accumulated one another. In contrast, these changes of lysosomal dynamics did not occur in Syk-deficient cells but transfer of wild-type Syk restored the lysosomal changes and apoptosis. These results demonstrated that the lysosomal change accompanied with the activation of lysosomal enzymes is a primary step in BCR-crosslinking-mediated apoptosis and Syk is responsible for this step through the fusion of BCR-carrying endosomes to lysosomes.     

护士主导的高血压管理范围综述

目的对国内外护士主导的高血压管理相关研究进行范围审查,为完善护士主导的高血压防治措施提供循证建议。方法系统检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science、PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane和Embase等数据库2010年1月1日至2020年9月20日相关研究,提取相关信息。结果共纳入22篇文献。主导护士类别包括社区护士、医院护士、专科护士,管理团队以护士主导的多学科团队为主,管理形式以面对面会议、电话随访、电子邮件等形式为主,管理内容涉及评估、设定健康目标、个性化指导、与多学科团队沟通、转介、评价与反馈等,评价指标以患者血压变化/血压控制达标率、治疗/服药依从性为主,仅1项以社区护士为主导的研究显示与常规护理相比血压未明显下降。结论护士主导的高血压管理措施对单纯性原发性高血压具有较好效果。建议基于区域医联体,建立医院—社区—家庭高血压管理模式;完善我国社区护士认证与培养体系;借鉴其他发展中国家护士处方权经验,结合我国国情,制定相关法律法规,适当给予护士一定范围内处方权;发展“互联网+”慢病管理模式。     

基于信息化的急诊患者早期分级预警方案效果分析

基于早期预警评分系统,构建了急诊患者早期分级预警方案,并借助信息化手段,将方案嵌入急诊护理信息系统中,设置了颜色分级提醒功能,实现了分级预警闭环管理。实施后,急诊患者生命体征监测频次增加,抢救成功率提高,护理不良事件发生率降低。认为基于信息化的急诊患者早期分级预警方案提高了急救质量,保障了患者安全,但需在医护协作、护理人力分配、信息资源整合等方面持续改进。