川产贝母种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

目的:为阐明川产贝母资源间亲缘关系提供更多证据.方法:利用ISSR分子标记技术对川产10个种1变种共19份材料进行分析,采用NTSYS软件计算材料间相似系数,并用UPGMA法构建了系统树.结果:从35个ISSR引物中共筛选出11个多态性明显、反应稳定的引物,在19份供试材料DNA中共扩增出179条谱带,其中多态性条带163条,占86.8%.材料间ISSR标记遗传相似性系数(GS)在0.569～0.855.聚类分析结果显示,所有供试材料均可区分开,并聚为4组.第1组包括川贝母、甘肃贝母、长腺贝母和短丝贝母,第Ⅱ组由暗紫贝母和浓蜜贝母组成,槽鳞贝母、浙贝母、瓦布贝母和梭砂贝母聚为第Ⅲ组,湖北贝母单独为第Ⅳ组.试验结果还表明,来源于同一地区的多数川产贝母材料可分别聚在一起.结论:ISSR标记适用于川产贝母资源的遗传多样性研究,但药典收载的川贝母药材的4种基原植物种间及其与其他川产贝母属各物种间尚不能仅通过采用ISSR标记技术进行分子鉴定.此外,ISSR聚类结果同川产贝母资源的地理分布有一定关系.     

颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨颈前瘢痕及严重的颏胸黏连、胸前瘢痕癌等的治疗方法。方法 颈横动脉起自甲状颈干后，向外行走于胸锁乳突肌、肩胛舌骨肌深面。皮支在胸锁乳突肌与肩胛舌骨肌交点处穿出，并营养锁骨上、下区及前胸区皮肤。本组46例患者，颈部瘢痕及严重的颏胸黏连45例，胸前瘢痕癌1例，均采用颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣转移修复。术中先将颈部瘢痕切除，充分松解挛缩后或将肿瘤切除后，在锁骨上、下及前胸区依创面大小，结合颈横动脉颈段皮支的应用解剖，设计皮瓣，转移到受区。如供区采用预扩张术，则供区创面可拉拢缝合。否则。供区需采用断层或全厚皮片移植修复。结果 本组46例患者，11例为带蒂皮瓣转移，余均为岛状皮瓣转移，颏胸黏连完全纠正，术后效果满意。结论 采用颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣修复颏胸黏连、胸前瘢痕癌等，手术可一次完成，无继发畸形，是目前较理想的治疗方法。     

后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤35例临床分析

目的总结后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床经验.方法采用后腹腔镜切除肾上腺肿瘤35例,男12例,女23例.年龄25岁～72岁,平均49.8岁.左侧15例,右侧20例.其中嗜铬细胞瘤5例,原发性醛固酮增多症10,柯兴氏病2例,神经节细胞瘤2例,无功能性腺瘤16例.腰部取3个套管针穿刺入路,用自制的水囊扩张器扩张后腹腔,用超声刀将肿瘤切除.结果 35例手术均成功,无中转开放手术病例.术中出血量10～500 ml,平均74 ml.病人均未输血.手术时间45～200 min,平均90 min.结论后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺肿瘤手术效果确切,手术时间短,术中出血少,损伤小,术后恢复快,可以替代绝大多数肾上腺肿瘤开放手术.     

影响糖尿病足坏疽愈合的因素及针对性护理研究

目的探讨针对影响糖尿病肢端坏疽患者愈合因素进行针对性的护理。方法在600例糖尿病足坏疽住院患者中随机抽取168例分成2组,根据2组患者血浆蛋白、动脉硬化下肢血流量、微循环障碍程度、患足骨质破坏情况、缺乏糖尿病足坏疽的防治知识进行分析,找出影响愈合的因素,并做好针对性的护理工作。结果168例糖尿病足坏疽患者,下肢血流量、足背动脉搏动及甲襞微循环比较,2组差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);2组足坏疽合并肾病、骨质破坏和血红蛋白改变情况比较,2组差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论根据糖尿病足坏疽患者影响愈合的因素,进行针对性的护理,加快了糖尿病足坏疽患者的愈合速度,同时综合治疗有利于糖尿病足坏疽的早日愈合,可以减少截肢,提高了糖尿病足坏疽患者的生活质量。     

Prospective Study on Lamivudine-Resistant Hepatitis B in Renal Allograft Recipients

The natural history of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in renal transplant recipients (RTx) is unclear, despite its increasing incidence. Twenty-nine HBsAg-positive RTx with rising HBV DNA received lamivudine therapy. The course of lamivudine-resistant HBV infection was studied prospectively. During 68.7 +/- 12.5 months of follow-up, 14 (48.3%) patients developed lamivudine resistance, at 10-35 months (mean 16.9 +/- 7.0). All showed mutant sequences at codons 552 and 528 of the YMDD motif, while 13 patients demonstrated wild-type sequence at codon 555. Lamivudine resistance was unrelated to patient demographics, HBeAg status/sero-conversion, or genotype. Following resistance, HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase showed an initial increase followed by spontaneous gradual reduction. The subsequent peak HBV DNA was lower (1.26 +/- 1.09 x 10(9) vs. 6.26 +/- 12.23 x 10(9) copies/mL, p = 0.011), while that of alanine aminotransferase was higher (196 +/- 117 vs. 77 +/- 47 imicro/l, p = 0.005), compared with pretreatment levels. Post-resistance hepatitic flare occurred in 11 (78.6%) patients. This was transient in four (36.4%), but became chronic in six (54.5%) patients. Decompensation was noted in one patient during this flare, but all survived. We conclude that drug resistance is prevalent in lamivudine-treated RTx. Despite a lower ensuing peak viremia compared with baseline, hepatitic flare is common. While most patients have spontaneous resolution, a minority may develop potentially fatal decompensation during the preceding exacerbation.     

p53基因(今又生~)联合支气管动脉化疗治疗肺癌15例近期疗效观察

目的探讨瘤内注射或经支气管动脉灌注p53基因联合支气管动脉灌注化疗(BAI)治疗肺癌的安全性、疗效和给药途径。方法经病理证实的15例肺癌,首先在CT引导下经皮穿刺瘤内注射或经支气管动脉灌注p53基因(今又生~),2～5天后,行BAI灌注化疗药物;然后根据病情变化再次进行基因治疗和/或BAI。治疗后常规使用螺旋CT定期复查,评价治疗效果。结果全部15例患者均完成上述治疗,并接受随访2～11个月。有效率(CR+PR)46.7%(7/15),1例肺部肿块消失,6例肺部肿块缩小,3例纵隔淋巴结缩小,1例胸水减少,仅1例观察到肿瘤长大,14例临床症状有不同程度缓解93.3%(14/15)。p53治疗后6例出现发热(38℃～40℃),未观察到基因药物的其它严重副作用,无严重操作有关并发症出现。结论本研究结果初步显示,作为肿瘤综合治疗的一部分,p53基因治疗与BAI联合应用,是一种治疗肺癌安全、有效的方法,提高了BAI的治疗效果。经皮瘤内注射p53是否为一种较好的给药途径值得进一步探讨。     

Pituitary adenomas: Trans‐sphenoidal experience of 300 cases

Objective: The main aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness and complication rate of the 1 cm right‐sided unilateral sublabial trans‐sphenoidal surgery for patients with pituitary adenoma equal to or greater than 5 mm in diameter. Method: A total of 350 patients were surgically treated for pituitary adenomas between December 1999 and December 2003 in an academic neurosurgical unit in China. Three hundred patients (86%) were treated with the 1‐cm right‐sided unilateral sublabial trans‐sphenoidal approach. The mean age of patients was 43 years (range 10–78 years) and female patients accounted for 59% of the total. One hundred and ninety‐six (64%) patients had functioning endocrine tumours and 104 (36%) patients had non‐functioning tumours or macroadenomas. Tumours which were outside this simple and basic classification were excluded from the study. Results: There were no operative mortalities. One patient developed hypopituitarism and 16 (5%) developed transient diabetes insipidus that required pituitrin treatment. The remission rate for macroadenoma was 85% and that for microadenoma was 98.5% during a medium term follow‐up of 1–5 years. One hundred and fifteen patients had prolactin secreting tumours and 90.4% achieved endocrine remission. Fifty‐six patients had growth hormone secreting tumours and 75.4% achieved endocrine remission. Preoperatively, one hundred and fifty‐one patients presented with visual impairment and 148 (98%) achieved a documented improvement in visual acuity. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4 days (range 3–7 days). Conclusion: This minimally invasive trans‐sphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas could be used as the primary treatment for small pituitary tumours. The effectiveness of the tumour removal and low morbidity rate compare favourably with the conventional sublabial approach as well as the more recently developed endoscopic endonasal approaches.     

gax和HIF-1α基因在原发性肝癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨同源盒基因(gax)和缺氧诱导因子(HIF1α)表达产物与原发性肝癌发生、发展的关系。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)和蛋白质印迹技术(Westernblot)分别检测20例原发性肝癌患者癌及癌旁肝组织中gax和HIF1α的mRNA以及蛋白质表达水平。结果肝癌组织中HIF1αmRNA(118.1±33.2)及蛋白表达(10.86±2.76)水平显著高于癌旁组织(分别为42.7±10.5与3.52±1.53,P均<0.05);肝癌组织中gaxmRNA表达(39.5±13.8)及其蛋白表达(4.10±1.26)水平低于癌旁组织(P均<0.05)。结论gax和HIF1α基因是调控肝癌组织血管生长的重要基因之一,与gax表达下调及HIF1α表达下调肝癌发生发展密切相关。     

4例活体部分小肠移植术后早期并发症的防治经验

目的总结4例活体部分小肠移植术后早期并发症（1月内）的防治办法，为进一步开展活体小肠移植提供经验。方法4例活体部分小肠移植术后1月内，早期并发症重点在于防治吻合血管血栓、出血、感染、排斥反应、移植肠功能障碍等。结果3例移植受体术后1月内分别发生出血倾向、急性排斥反应、感染、移植肠功能障碍等并发症，但经及时准确的诊断与治疗得以好转，移植肠存活及功能均良好。结论注重活体部分小肠移植术后对于早期并发症的预防及治疗，对于患者预后有重要意义。     

A female case with Down syndrome and non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder

Although the prevalence of a learned voiding dysfunction and non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder (NNB), which is one type of dysfunctional elimination syndrome, is considered to be relatively rare, the association of NNB with Down syndrome (DS) has been elucidated in male patients. We herein describe the occurrence of NNB in an adult female with DS. The diagnosis was confirmed after completely ruling out any neurological or anatomical anomalies that could be related to a lower urinary tract dysfunction. She had renal dysfunction and multiple obstructive uropathies for which clean intermittent catheterization was successfully introduced.