长效甾体避孕药RP-HPLC流动相选择性优化与定量分析

采用极角混合设计技术,模拟溶质色谱保留行为的数学模型,用预测优化流动相实验,对溶质色谱保留行为的数学模型进行修正。通过数次预测、迭代、修正数学模型,提高模型的拟合精度,采用多目标优化指标,计算机辅助,寻求三元流动相的最佳组成。首次利用可编程序紫外检测器的时间程序检测功能,提高微量组分的检测灵敏度,成功地解决了两种长效避孕药制剂的定量分析。     

Effectiveness of the SpineCor brace based on the new standardized criteria proposed by the scoliosis research society for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

The purpose of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Dynamic SpineCor brace for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in accordance with the standardized criteria proposed by the Scoliosis Research Society Committee on Bracing and Nonoperative Management. They proposed these guidelines to make the comparison among studies more valid and reliable. From 1993 to 2006, 493 patients were treated using the SpineCor brace. Two hundred forty-nine patients met the criteria for inclusion, and 79 patients were still actively being treated. Overall, 170 patients have a definitive outcome. All girls were premenarchal or less than 1 year postmenarchal. Assessment of brace effectiveness included (1) percentage of patients who have 5 degrees or less curve progression, and percentage of patients who have 6 degrees or more progression; (2) percentage of patients who have been recommended/undergone surgery before skeletal maturity; (3) percentage of patients with curves exceeding 45 degrees at maturity (end of treatment); and (4) Two-year follow-up beyond maturity to determine the percentage of patients who subsequently underwent surgery. Successful treatment (correction, >5 degrees, or stabilization, +/-5 degrees) was achieved in 101 (59.4%) of the 170 patients from the time of the fitting of the SpineCor brace to the point in which it was discontinued. Thirty-nine immature patients (22.9%) required surgical fusion while receiving treatment. Two (1.2%) of 170 patients had curves exceeding 45 degrees at maturity. One mature patient (2.1%) required surgery within 2 years of follow-up beyond skeletal maturity. The conclusion drawn from these findings is that the SpineCor brace is effective for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Moreover, positive outcomes are maintained after 2 years because 45 (95.7%) of 47 patients stabilized or corrected their end of bracing Cobb angle up to 2 years after bracing. Therapeutic study-investigating the results of treatment: level II.     

Induction of apoptosis by the ginsenoside Rh2 by internalization of lipid rafts and caveolae and inactivation of Akt

Background and purpose:

Lipid rafts and caveolae are membrane microdomains with important roles in cell survival signalling involving the Akt pathway. Cholesterol is important for the structure and function of these microdomains. The ginsenoside Rh2 exhibits anti-tumour activity. Because Rh2 is structurally similar to cholesterol, we investigated the possibility that Rh2 exerted its anti-tumour effect by modulating rafts and caveolae.

Experimental approach:

A431 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma cell line) were treated with Rh2 and the effects on cell apoptosis, raft localization and Akt activation measured. We also examined the effects of over-expression of Akt and active-Akt on Rh2-induced cell death.

Key results:

Rh2 induced apoptosis concentration- and time-dependently. Rh2 reduced the levels of rafts and caveolae in the plasma membrane and increased their internalization. Furthermore, Akt activity was decreased and consequently, Akt-dependent phosphorylation of Bad, a pro-survival protein, was decreased whereas the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bim and Bax, were increased upon Rh2 treatment. Unlike microdomain internalization induce by cholesterol depletion, Rh2-mediated internalization of rafts and caveolae was not reversed by cholesterol addition. Also, cholesterol addition did not restore Akt activation or rescue cells from Rh2-induced cell death. Rh2-induced cell death was attenuated in MDA-MB-231 cells over-expressing either wild-type or dominant-active Akt.

Conclusions and implications:

Rh2 induced internalization of rafts and caveolae, leading to Akt inactivation, and ultimately apoptosis. Because elevated levels of membrane rafts and caveolae, and Akt activation have been correlated with cancer development, internalization of these microdomains by Rh2 could potentially be used as an anti-cancer therapy.     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者血脂检测

目的:观察冠心病(CHD)合并2型糖尿病患者血脂水平的变化,并探讨CHD合并2型糖尿病的危险性与脂质代谢紊乱间的相关性.方法:检测CHD组患者29(男18,女11)例,年龄40～70(平均55.2)岁;CHD合并2型糖尿病组[CHD伴非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)]患者22(男12,女10)例,年龄41～70(平均56.5)岁;正常对照组[健康献血员31(男17,女14)例,年龄38～50(平均43.5)岁]的血脂水平.结果:CHD伴NIDDM组患者总胆固醇(TC),三酰甘油(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平明显高于CHD组患者[TC:(5.87±1.02)mmol/Lvs(4.10±1.13)mmol/L;TG:(2.10±1.05)mmol/Lvs(1.13±0.85)mmol/L;LDLC:(4.23±0.97)mmol/Lvs(2.97±0.90)mmol/L;ApoB:(0.90±0.18)mmol/Lvs(0.58±0.19)mmol/L,均P<0.01],但CHD伴NIDDM组患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC),载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)水平明显低于CHD组患者[HDLC(0.71±0.12)mmol/Lvs(0.94±0.16)mmol/L,ApoA1:(0.73±0.19)mmol/Lvs(1.03±0.20)mmol/L,均P<0.01].结论:CHD合并2型糖尿病患者在脂质代谢紊乱方面存在更多致CHD的危险因素,应重视这类患者的血脂检测并及时纠正脂质代谢紊乱,以降低CHD的危险性.     

Acute-phase response predicts erythropoietin resistance in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients

We defined erythropoietin (EPO) resistance by the ratio of the weekly EPO dose to hematocrit (Hct), yielding a continuously distributed variable (EPO/Hct). EPO resistance is usually attributed to iron or vitamin deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, aluminum toxicity, or inflammation. Activation of the acute-phase response, assessed by the level of the acute-phase C-reactive protein (CRP), correlates strongly with hypoalbuminemia and mortality in both hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this cross-sectional study of 92 HD and 36 PD patients, we examined the contribution of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, iron indices, aluminum levels, nutritional parameters (normalized protein catabolic rate [PCRn]), dialysis adequacy (Kt/V), and CRP to EPO/Hct. Albumin level serves as a measure of both nutrition and inflammation and was used as another independent variable. Serum albumin level (deltaR2 = 0.129; P < 0.001) and age (deltaR2 = 0.040; P = 0.040) were the best predictors of EPO/Hct in HD patients, and serum albumin (deltaR2 = 0.205; P = 0.002) and ferritin levels (deltaR2 = 0.132; P = 0.015) in PD patients. When albumin was excluded from the analysis, the best predictors of EPO/Hct were CRP (deltaR2 = 0.105; P = 0.003) and ferritin levels (deltaR2 = 0.051; P = 0.023) in HD patients and CRP level (deltaR2 = 0.141; P = 0.024) in PD patients. When both albumin and CRP were excluded from analysis in HD patients, low transferrin levels predicted high EPO/Hct (deltaR2 = 0.070; P = 0.011). EPO/Hct was independent of PTH and aluminum levels, PCRn, and Kt/V. High EPO/Hct occurred in the context of high ferritin and low transferrin levels, the pattern expected in the acute-phase response, not in iron deficiency. In well-dialyzed patients who were iron replete, the acute-phase response was the most important predictor of EPO resistance.     

Detection of serum TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-6 and IL-8 in patients with hepatitis B

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综合干预措施控制人群肠道传染病的效果

张家港市位于苏南水网地区,全市85余万人口,面积998 km2,人口密度高达860人·km-2.全市工商经济和服务行业发达,外来流动人口达6000人·d-1,外来常住人口达10万人·a-1,而且本地人口流动量大,经对该市塘桥镇8000人调查,30%以上人口每天至少有一次不在家内用餐.农村人口以前普遍饮用河塘水及浅井水,其中饮用4 m～6 m深的井水者近40万人.     

在实践中提高对保健护理的认识

保健护理是护理实践的中心内容,是授权护理的前提,也是许多护理学理论研究的焦点。学生在学习中必须撑握人类躯体、心理和精神等方面的知识,但是仅有这些知识,却不了解保健护理的核心内容部分是远远不够的。尽管有许多书面材料提到保健护理是整体护理不可分割的部分,但要教育学生承认护理中的关护行为。并形成概念将保健护理作为专家护理实践的基础,仍具有挑战性。在社区医疗保健活动中,给注册护士-护理学士学位(RN-BSN)学生布置一项任务,给她们提供认识保健护理行为和交流范例的机会。按照要求,每个学生必须在“保健护理日志”中记录自己…