雷公藤总甙(TⅡ)对生殖器官的影响 Ⅲ.对小鼠生殖器官及生育能力影响的动态观察

小鼠给予雷公藤(TW)提取物雷公藤总甙(TⅡ或TG)30mg/kg/d连续1～3个月及停药3个月内逐月检查发现:雄鼠睾丸重量和形态、精子活力和计数与生育能力呈一致性改变。药物对小鼠有明确和可逆的抗生育作用,对精原细胞亦有影响。雌鼠仅表现为动情周期不规则,生殖器官形态及功能未见明显改变。三代雄性仔鼠外观及生殖器官未见明显异常。小鼠对药物的耐受性较大鼠高。     

陈皮挥发油β—环糊精包合物的研究

本文探讨了陈皮挥发油·β-环糊精包合物的制备工艺,通过包合物的油利用率、含油率以及收得率的研究,筛选出最佳配比的条件,并用 DTA、TLC 验证了包合物的形成。     

Anesthesia considerations for patients with an implanted deep brain stimulator undergoing surgery: a review and update

Purpose

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be an effective treatment option for patients with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease. This review provides an overview on the functioning of neurostimulators and recent advances in this technology and presents an updated guide on the anesthetic management of patients with an implanted neurostimulator undergoing surgery or medical intervention.

Source

A search was conducted on MEDLINE®, EMBASE?, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases to identify studies published in English from 1974 to December 2015. Our search also included relevant and available incident reports from the manufacturers, Health Canada, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and the European Medicines Agency. Thirty of 232 articles identified were found to be relevant to this review.

Principal findings

Deep brain stimulation systems now offer a range of options, including pulse generators with dual-channel capabilities, rechargeable batteries, and current-control modes. Preoperatively, the anesthesiologist should ascertain the indications for DBS therapy, identify the type of device implanted, and consult a DBS specialist for specific precautions and device management. The major perioperative concern is the potential for interactions with the medical device resulting in patient morbidity. Neurostimulators should be turned off intraoperatively to minimize electromagnetic interference, and precautions should be taken when using electrosurgical equipment. Following surgery, the device should be turned on and checked by a DBS specialist.

Conclusion

The anesthesiologist plays an important role to ensure a safe operating environment for patients with an implanted DBS device. Pertinent issues include identifying the type of device, involving a DBS-trained physician, turning off the device intraoperatively, implementing precautions when using electrosurgical equipment, and checking the device postoperatively.

     

Outcomes of pharmacist-provided medication review in collaborative care for adult Singaporeans receiving hemodialysis

Background Patients receiving hemodialysis are predisposed to drug related problems (DRPs). While collaborative care (CC) models with pharmacist involvement can reduce DRP occurrence, few have examined its impact on clinical and economic outcomes. Objective To determine whether a CC model with pharmacist-provided medication review can reduce unplanned admissions and healthcare utilization in patients receiving hemodialysis, compared to usual care (UC). Setting Outpatient nephrology clinic of a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Method In this retrospective observational study, patients who were taking more than 10 medications or had prior unplanned admissions were included. Patients were identified as being managed under CC (n = 134) if they received comprehensive pharmacist-provided review, or under the UC (n = 190) if they did not. Those perceived to be at greater risk were given priority for receiving CC. All outcomes analyses were adjusted for covariates. Main outcome measure The primary outcome was incidence of unplanned admissions within 6 months post index visit. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), mortality and healthcare utilization cost. Results CC reduced unplanned admissions by 27% (IRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99, p = 0.047) and shortened mean LOS by 1.3 days [6.7 (2.6) vs. 8.0 (3.2), p < 0.001] compared to UC. There were no significant differences in mortality (p = 0.189) or mean healthcare utilization cost (p = 0.165) between groups. Pharmacists identified 515 DRPs with 429 (83.3%) resolved after review. Conclusion The CC model with pharmacist-provided medication review reduced unplanned admissions and LOS in patients receiving hemodialysis. Further studies are warranted to confirm reductions in mortality and healthcare utilization.     

多层螺旋CT血管成象评估透析患者血管通路

目的：应用多层螺旋CT血管成象(muhislice spiral computed tomographic angiography，MSCTA)三维重建技术检查维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血管通路狭窄情况，为手术修复和经皮经腔血管成形术(PTA)提供指导。方法：采用TOSHIBA16层螺旋CT，对19例临床拟为血管通路功能不良的MHD患者进行检查，采用对侧肢体外周静脉注射非离子型碘造影剂，注射速度3ml／s，造影剂总量50～100ml。注射后延时25～30s行多层螺旋CT扫描检查、采象，应用最大密度投影、容积成象和曲面重建技术对图象数据进行处理和三维重建。结果：MSCTA配合三维重建技术可获得空间分辨率很高的透析血管通路全景图，包括动脉流人道、吻合口和静脉流出道，血管走行情况和狭窄部位均获得清晰显示。检查发现内瘘吻合口狭窄4例；静脉流出道狭窄10例16个部位，其中4例形成明显静脉侧支循环；前臂内瘘局部扩张6例；锁骨下静脉狭窄3例；头静脉汇人锁骨下静脉处狭窄1例；上腔静脉狭窄1例。根据MSCTA的结果，对8例患者进行了动静脉内瘘手术修复，4例进行了数字减影血管造影(DSA)介导PTA，手术直视和DSA证实了MSCTA诊断的准确性，手术和PTA干预的短期效果令人满意。结论：MSCTA是一项评估透析血管通路的先进手段，具有无创伤、成象迅速、高清晰度等优点，能全面、准确地评估MHD患者内瘘情况，并为进一步治疗提供指导。     

Expression levels of microRNA-199 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in brain tissue of patients with intractable epilepsy

Objectives: During the last decade, experimental evidence has demonstrated an important role of hypoxia, which leads to neuronal cell death and angiogenesis, in the mechanisms of seizure precipitation and recurrence. MicroRNA-199 targets hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), which has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of the hypoxic state and brain injury. However, little is known about the roles of MicroRNA-199 and HIF-1α in the human epileptogenic process.

Design and methods: In this study, we investigated the expression of miR-199a-5p, miR-199b-5p and HIF-1α using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blots in the temporal neocortex of twenty four patients with intractable epilepsy and twelve control subjects.

Results: Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-199a-5p and miR-199b-5p was significantly lower in epileptic brain tissues (p < 0.05). The levels of HIF-1α mRNA and protein were highly up-regulated in epileptic brain tissues compared with those of control subjects (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These data suggest that the abnormal expression of miR-199 and HIF-1α in epileptic brain tissue may be involved in the pathophysiology of human epilepsy and that the expression of HIF-1α may be regulated by miR-199. These findings may provide new insights into the treatment of epilepsy.