Copper scavenging efficiency of adsorbents prepared from Raphia hookeri fruit waste

Low cost adsorbents prepared from the epicarp of Raphia hookeri fruit were used for the removal of copper (II) ion from aqueous solution. The effects of operational parameters such as pH, concentration and contact time, dosage as well as interference of other ions were studied. Optimum pH for raw and modified biomass were 5.0 and 5.5 with percentage removal of 75.08% and 95.62% respectively. Concentration of competing ions greatly reduced Cu²⁺ removal with both adsorbents while agitation speed had negligible effect on Cu²⁺ uptake. Adsorbents surfaces were activated as temperature increased thus enhancing adsorbent adsorption capacity at high temperature. Adsorption kinetic data fitted best into the pseudo second order model while the thermodynamics studies confirmed adsorption spontaneity and feasibility. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm best described the adsorption process and the Langmuir maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for the raw (RHE) and acid treated (ARHE) biomass were 81.97 and 103.09 mg/g respectively. Chemisorption predominate the Cu²⁺-ARHE system hence desorption efficiency was obtained to be 72.65% with CH₃COOH as eluent.     

肺炎支原体CARDS毒素对小鼠IgE反应的影响及机制

目的 通过肺炎支原体产生的特异性CARDS毒素对血清总IgE的作用,研究其对机体过敏反应的影响.方法 60只SPF级BALB/c小鼠分为对照组和感染组,采用CARDS毒素暴露小鼠模型,评价CARDS毒素特异性反应;肥大细胞脱颗粒研究确定CARDS毒素特异性IgE的功能;Western blot检测JAK3及STAT6的表达;给予热灭活毒素以及STAT6抑制剂检测二者对血清IgE的影响.结果 单次暴露于CARDS毒素即可增加小鼠血清总IgE,并持续较长时间;给予CARDS毒素二次暴露的小鼠总IgE仍显著升高,诱导肥大细胞脱颗粒,诱导JAK3和STAT6表达增加,血清IgE的升高需要CARDS毒素的酶活性和STAT6共同作用.结论 肺炎支原体CARDS毒素特异性IgE在小鼠体内的存在导致IgE依赖性介质的释放,导致肥大细胞脱颗粒,与哮喘发病及恶化密切相关.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者不同抗血小板方案对乳内动脉桥血管通畅率影响的临床研究

目的:对比研究非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)后,分别运用单抗(阿司匹林)与双抗(阿司匹林+氯吡格雷)抗血小板治疗后,对远期乳内动脉桥血管通畅率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2005年01月至2005年12月,在安贞医院心脏外科固定手术组行OPCABG并顺利出院的230例患者的临床资料,并对其进行随访。结果:随访时间为150个月,随访期内心脏相关死亡54例(16.4%)。两组前降支通畅率分别为65.8%、66.4%(P>0.05)。结论:对于OPCABG的患者,无论给与双抗或单抗,其远期效果并无明显差异,但短期内前降支通畅率变化趋势,双抗组优于单抗组。     

针叶聚戊烯醇对大鼠慢性免疫性肝损伤所致肝纤维化的治疗实验研究

目的 观察针叶聚戊烯醇对大鼠慢性免疫性肝损伤致肝纤维化的治疗作用.方法 大鼠腹腔给予猪血清0.5ml,每周两次,建立慢性免疫性肝损伤模型.造模同时开始给药,给药组灌胃给予低、中、高剂量的针叶聚戊烯醇(10,20,40 mg·kg-1),模型组给予等体积生理盐水,每日给药1次,连续8周.末次给药后,动物禁食12 h,颈动脉采血,离心,取血清进行肝功能指标、氧化损伤指标及肝纤维化指标检测；无菌取脾,进行淋巴细胞增殖能力检测；各组取肝脏同一部位做病理组织学检查.结果 针叶聚戊烯醇中、高剂量组可以明显降低肝损伤大鼠血清透明质酸、Ⅳ型胶原和丙二醛水平以及脾淋巴细胞增殖能力,显著升高血清超氧化物歧化酶水平,有效改善肝功能指标和肝组织形态(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 针叶聚戊烯醇对大鼠慢性免疫性肝损伤导致的肝纤维化有明显治疗作用,有望作为抗肝纤维化的新药进一步研发.     

Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: A meta-analytic review and synthesis

A large body of research has demonstrated that affective disorders are characterized by attentional biases for emotional stimuli. However, this research relies heavily on manual reaction time (RT) measures that cannot fully delineate the time course and components of attentional bias. Eye tracking technology, which allows relatively direct and continuous measurement of overt visual attention, may provide an important supplement to RT measures. This article reviews eye tracking research on anxiety and depression, evaluating the experimental paradigms and eye movement indicators used to study attentional biases. Also included is a meta-analysis of extant eye tracking research (33 experiments; N = 1579) on both anxiety and depression. Relative to controls, anxious individuals showed increased vigilance for threat during free viewing and visual search, and showed difficulty disengaging from threat in visual search tasks, but not during free viewing. In contrast, depressed individuals were not characterized by vigilance for threat during free viewing, but were characterized by reduced orienting to positive stimuli, as well as reduced maintenance of gaze on positive stimuli and increased maintenance of gaze on dysphoric stimuli. Implications of these findings for theoretical accounts of attentional bias in anxiety and depression are discussed, and avenues for future research using eye-tracking technology are outlined.     

Neural and behavioural changes in male periadolescent mice after prolonged nicotine-MDMA treatment

The interaction between MDMA and Nicotine affects multiple brain centres and neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, dopamine and glutamate) involved in motor coordination and cognition. In this study, we have elucidated the effect of prolonged (10 days) MDMA, Nicotine and a combined Nicotine-MDMA treatment on motor-cognitive neural functions. In addition, we have shown the correlation between the observed behavioural change and neural structural changes induced by these treatments in BALB/c mice. We observed that MDMA (2 mg/Kg body weight; subcutaneous) induced a decline in motor function, while Nicotine (2 mg/Kg body weight; subcutaneous) improved motor function in male periadolescent mice. In combined treatment, Nicotine reduced the motor function decline observed in MDMA treatment, thus no significant change in motor function for the combined treatment versus the control. Nicotine or MDMA treatment reduced memory function and altered hippocampal structure. Similarly, a combined Nicotine-MDMA treatment reduced memory function when compared with the control. Ultimately, the metabolic and structural changes in these neural systems were seen to vary for the various forms of treatment. It is noteworthy to mention that a combined treatment increased the rate of lipid peroxidation in brain tissue.     

Primary discussion about the application of GPS results to research of ground subsidence

本文利用球面通量均衡基准对全国的GPS垂向分量进行处理,给出了GPS点的垂向运动矢量分布图,显示垂向相对变化的分布与活动构造相关；2007-2009年的结果显示该时段可能存在大地震的影响；同时重点分析讨论了天津及其周边地区的地面沉降现状.结果表明采用文中的方法对GPS垂向分量进行处理是有效的,能够显示出地壳垂直差异运动的空间分布信息.     

表皮生长因子受体在老年大肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）在老年大肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法采用免疫组化SABC法对87例大肠癌、14例大肠炎性黏膜和26例大肠腺癌样息肉进行检测。结果 EGFR在大肠炎性黏膜、腺瘤样息肉和大肠癌中阳性率分别为21.43%、46.15%和54.02%，其中RGFR在炎性黏膜中表达率明显低于腺瘤样息肉和大肠癌（P〈0.05）；EGFR表达与大肠癌浸润深度和淋巴结转移有相关性（P〈0.05）。结论：EGFR过度表达，在老年大肠癌的发生过程中可能起重要作用；检测EGFR对于指导临床治疗和判断预后有重要意义。     

LC-MS法测定大鼠血浆中甘草次酸及其药动学研究

[目的] 建立液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)的方法测定大鼠口服三拗汤后甘草次酸的药代动力学。[方法] 采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)色谱柱, 流动相为乙腈-水(含10 mmol/L甲酸铵), 90%乙腈等度洗脱, 流速0.3 mL/min, 柱温25 ℃, 进样量20 μL。采用电喷雾离子源, SIM负离子检测模式, 甘草次酸和熊果酸(内标)定量离子分别为m/z 469.4和m/z 455.4。大鼠单剂量灌胃给予三拗汤浓缩液后, 经液-液萃取法对大鼠血浆样品进行预处理, 利用LC-MS法测定大鼠体内甘草次酸的血药浓度, 并采用DAS(ver.1.0)软件计算药代动力学参数。[结果] 甘草次酸的线性范围为5~10 000 μg/L, 最低定量限为5 μg/L, 内源性物质不干扰甘草次酸及内标的测定, 方法精密度、准确度、回收率和稳定性均符合生物样品的测定要求。[结论] 本方法具有专属性强、准确度高、灵敏度好的特点, 可用于甘草次酸的药代动力学研究。