Cav-3/ERK信号通路在吗啡预处理减轻慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用：离体实验

目的:探讨小窝蛋白(Cav-3)/细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号通路在吗啡预处理减轻慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法:清洁级健康雄性成年SD大鼠,体重200~250 g,结扎冠状动脉左前降支6周制备慢性心力衰竭模型。取慢性心力衰竭和Langendorff灌注模型制备成功的大鼠心脏36个,采用随机数字表...     

围手术期睡眠障碍在术后认知功能障碍中作用的研究进展

术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)延长患者的住院时间,增加患者发生长期认知障碍的风险。患者围手术期睡眠障碍可增加POCD的发生风险,且围手术期睡眠障碍现象普遍存在,易被人们所忽视。本文围绕影响患者围手术期睡眠的因素,对围手术期睡眠障碍在POCD中作用的研究进展进行综述。     

进化心理学视角的校园排斥行为探究与干预

校园排斥行为作为社会排斥研究的校园层面尤为人们关注, 其威胁中小学生正常的关系和归属获取, 致使学生的需要受挫，产生负面情绪和行为, 不能很好地处理同学以及社会关系, 阻碍了心理健康的发展。进化中认为行为都有其一定的适应价值, 从进化心理学的角度在语言、需要与动机、社会地位方面对排斥的影响因素作了初步解读, 资源获取、狩猎-采集假说、同性竞争等都提供了一定的演化基础。因此, 在对于排斥行为的干预和预防时, 营造接纳多样性的校园氛围对全体学生的引导有着积极作用, 加强情感和认知干预也缓解了排斥行为产生的不良影响。     

Alzheimer病患者线粒体DNA点突变的研究

目的旨在观察Alzheimer病(Alzheimerdisease,AD)患者线粒体DNA(mitochondrialDNA,mtDNA)上点突变的情况,并探讨mtDNA点突变与AD发生的关联性。方法入组了111例AD患者作为AD组和性别/年龄与之相匹配的正常老人117名组成对照组,应用PCR-RFLP的方法对被研究对象mtDNA上分别位于第4336、5460和8021三个位置的点突变情况进行检测。结果第4336位置上的碱基未发现存在突变的现象。第8021位置上的碱基仅在正常老人组内检测到1例突变型,其余均为野生型。在第5460位置上对照组突变率为2.6%(3/117),AD老人组中突变率为6.3%(7/111),显著性检验χ2=1.902,P=0.168。结论在我国上海汉族人群中线粒体DNA上第4336位置上可能不存在点突变的现象,第8021位置上突变也很少发生,在第5460位置上的碱基可能出现A或T的点突变,但这种突变的发生可能与AD的发生无直接关联。     

介绍一种骨盆截骨时线锯保护装置

介绍一种骨盆截骨时线锯保护装置张作仁庞贵春张野王玉忠赵铁山骨盆截骨术时常用线锯截骨，在引导截骨过程中，线锯齿易损伤附近软组织。作者近年将一次性输液器套线锯作为保护装置，起到了保护软组织的作用。方法：将线锯置入一根ＶＣＰ一次性输液管内，输液管长度较线锯...     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.     

国人肱动脉高位分支1例报告

正常的肱动脉在解剖学教科书中记载为腋动脉的直接延续,二者以背阔肌(亦有以大圆肌)的下缘为界。正中神经的内、外侧头夹腋动脉(有时夹肱动脉)合并成为正中神经,伴肱动脉下行于肱二头肌内侧沟中。在臂上部,正中神经行于肱动脉的前外侧;在臂中部,正中神经在肱动脉的前方二者逐渐     

降钙素基因相关肽在预处理心肌保护中机制的研究进展

近年来发现一种新的神经肽即降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP)具有强心、舒张血管的作用,是目前研究的热点.CGRP能防止心肌缺血/再灌注损伤,在预处理即时和延时心肌保护中的研究很多,但是其具体的机制仍不清楚,仍需要进一步的研究.现主要对CGRP在预处理心肌保护中的作用作一综述.     

小儿应用布比卡因硬膜外麻醉对维库溴铵肌松效应的影响

选用3～10岁的小儿外科患者(ASAⅠ—Ⅱ)30例研究布比卡因硬膜外麻醉对维库溴铵的肌松作用(NMB)强度和时间的影响。术前口服咪唑安定0.5mg·kg~(-1)(最多15mg)。其中15例除全麻外合用腰部硬膜外阻滞,药物是0.5％布比卡因2.5mg·kg~(-1)。全麻诱导和维持采用N_2O:O_2(2:1),异丙酚和阿芬太尼。拇指内收肌连结EMG,每20s使用四个成串刺激来监测NMB。硬膜外注入布比卡因(平均血药农度0.86μg