Morphometric diagnosis of bladder tumor

This paper reports the morphometric analysis results of 100 cases of bladder tumor cells with a Q-900 computer-assisted image analysis system. According to the nuclear area, axis ratio and area ratio of tumor nuclei, bladder transitional cell tumors were divided into 4 grades. This system is called the morphometric grading system (M grading). The results show that the higher the M grading, the lower the survival rate and the higher the recurrence rate. As the M grade increases the tumors could be accompanied by muscular invasion. When recurring, the tumor has a poor prognosis if M grading increases. We conclude that the morphometric grading system is able to yield a quantitative pathologic diagnosis and can predict the biological behavior of bladder tumors. Recently, new techniques for diagnosing and predicting the biological behavior of bladder tumors have been developed. One such technique is morphometric analysis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma with computer-assisted image instruments [1]. Because this morphometric method is easily applicable to pathological section routinely stained with HE and the results are reproducible and more objective, the studies about morphometric analysis of bladder tumor have increased in recent times. This paper reports the preliminary morphometric analysis results of bladder tumor cells examined by a Q-900 image analysis instrument for 100 cases.     

医院检验科设备的维修分析

医院检验科设备是为临床提供诊断依据最基础也是最常用的检验手段之一，本文简要介绍了检验科设备在日常工作中容易发生的故障判别及修复时的要点。     

氧疗知情同意书的设计与应用

目的 提高早产儿氧疗安全性,降低医患纠纷的发生率.方法 参照《早产儿治疗用氧和视网膜病变防治指南》,自行设计新生儿病房氧疗知情同意书,对执行氧疗的早产儿父母及时告知病情并签署氧疗知情同意书.采用问卷调查形式收集患儿父母对医护工作满意度及投诉的情况.结果 患儿住院4～26 d,均未发生氧疗并发症,患儿父母对医护人员的工作满意度为99.2%;仅发生1起医患纠纷.结论 氧疗知情同意书应用于早产儿氧疗护理中,有利于提高早产儿氧疗的安全性,提高无陪患儿家属的满意度,减少医患纠纷的发生.     

gax和HIF-1α基因在原发性肝癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨同源盒基因(gax)和缺氧诱导因子(HIF1α)表达产物与原发性肝癌发生、发展的关系。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)和蛋白质印迹技术(Westernblot)分别检测20例原发性肝癌患者癌及癌旁肝组织中gax和HIF1α的mRNA以及蛋白质表达水平。结果肝癌组织中HIF1αmRNA(118.1±33.2)及蛋白表达(10.86±2.76)水平显著高于癌旁组织(分别为42.7±10.5与3.52±1.53,P均<0.05);肝癌组织中gaxmRNA表达(39.5±13.8)及其蛋白表达(4.10±1.26)水平低于癌旁组织(P均<0.05)。结论gax和HIF1α基因是调控肝癌组织血管生长的重要基因之一,与gax表达下调及HIF1α表达下调肝癌发生发展密切相关。     

中枢神经系统血管内大B细胞淋巴瘤:病例报告并文献复习

目的 更好地了解血管内大B细胞淋巴瘤(IVLBCL)的临床特点、病理和免疫组化特征.方法 总结我科一例确诊病例,并结合文献进行分析.对患者的临床表现及影像特点进行观察,对手术病理标本进行组织学和免疫组化观察.结果 原发性中枢神经系统血管内大B细胞淋巴瘤罕见,临床表现多样化,本例患者主要表现为肌力轻度减退、认知功能进行性下降、意识障碍、继发性癫等,头颅MRI显示白质深部的多发病灶,呈T1WI低信号、T2WI和FLAIR高信号,增强扫描后病灶呈不规则斑片状、小环状强化灶.临床病情迅速恶化.其病理学特征是肿瘤细胞积聚于小血管内、血管周围间隙和毛细血管内,免疫标记脑组织毛细血管内异型细胞,LCA、CD20、CD79a表达阳性,个别细胞呈ki67阳性.CD3、UCHL-1、CD30、KP-1表达呈阴性,确诊IVLBCL.结论 IVLBCL是高度侵袭性疾病,进展快、预后差.早期诊断和联合化疗可能有益.     

致密性髂骨炎误诊腰突症1例报道

典型病例 患者，女，33岁。间断反复左腰腿痛伴发作性跛行7年，加剧3天。患者由家人搀扶，痛苦表情，跛行步态，并携有腰椎CT片。患者诉7年前首次发作，到某医院骨科就诊，经CT检查并诊断为腰突症。给予牵引、理疗、骶管注射等治疗2周，症状未见明显改善。患者当时终止治疗，回家静养，症状慢慢有所改善。过后时有发作，都以“腰突症”处理，病情缠绵至今。     

Regression of lymphomatous skin deposits in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient treated with the Toll-like receptor-7/8 agonist, imiquimod.

The identification of clinically relevant, active immunomodulatory agents is important for developing immunotherapeutic approaches to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B-cell lymphomas that are not curable with conventional chemotherapy. In this investigation, the imidazoquinoline Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 agonist, imiquimod, was found to mediate the clearance of a lymphomatous skin lesion in a CLL patient. Imidazoquinolines also activated TLR-7/8 signaling pathways, resulting in increased expression of costimulatory molecules on circulating tumor cells. These observations extend the therapeutic spectrum of imiquimod to cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and suggest the use of TLR-7/8 agonists in CLL immunotherapy.     

血小板激活因子拮抗剂YM-264对抗原引起气道嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的影响

应用鸡卵清蛋白致敏和刺激小鼠复制过敏性气道炎症反应模型研究血小板激活因子选择性拮抗剂ＹＭ－２６４对抗原引起气道嗜酸性粒细胞（ＥＯＳ）浸润的影响。结果发现，正常小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中未见到ＥＯＳ；致敏小鼠给予抗原多次反复吸入刺激后，ＢＡＬＦ中ＥＯＳ急剧增多。在ＹＭ－２６４治疗各组中，ＹＭ－２６４的不同剂量分别导致ＥＯＳ数下降２７．０％、４８．２％及６７．９％。还发现ＹＭ－２６４抑制ＥＯＳ对气道的浸润伴随着白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－５水平的明显下降。提示ＹＭ－２６４通过抑制ＩＬ－５的产生从而抑制了ＥＯＳ在气道的聚集。     

磁共振成像对颅内脑膜瘤水肿分析

目的：探讨脑膜瘤周围脑水肿的程度和肿瘤的生长部位．质地．组织学亚型的相关性．研究其瘤周水肿的形成原因．材料和方法：使用经手术和病理证实的65例脑膜瘤MRI和临床病理资料．观察分析脑膜瘤的瘤周水肿的程度．肿瘤的质地，组织学亚型等．结果：发生于大脑颅盖部或／和有矢状窦受累的脑膜瘤有明显的脑水肿．而发生于其它部位(颅底，丘脑、小脑、脑池等)无或只有轻度脑水肿．结论：轻度脑水肿主要是脑膜瘤对脑组织的直接压迫，而中，重度脑水肿主要是脑膜瘤对大脑表面引流静脉尤其是矢状窦的压迫或阻塞．脑水肿和肿瘤的发生部位有关，面和肿瘤的质地、组织学亚型无关．