先天性前尿道瓣膜1例

患者,男,6岁.1岁时父母发现经常湿裤,仔细观察,见尿线细,排尿后滴沥不尽,白天重,夜里轻,活动后滴尿明显加剧。且尿线向前上方抛出。射程短,尿频,每日30余次,每次尿量仅有10—30ml。尿黄而混浊,尿后膀胱仍有胀感。近一年有时左侧腰部胀痛,并伴有发烧。体检:双肾区无隆起,无叩痛,肾没触及。输尿管走行区无压痛,膀胱区膨隆明显,膀胱底位于脐下1.5cm,并有轻度压痛。生殖器外观无畸形,尿道外口无狭窄,但局部潮湿,有尿液外溢,包皮口和外道外口略有红肿。排尿时,尿线细,同时阴茎与阴囊交界处近侧尿道有明显扩     

记液体出入量的临床范围

能够正常进食的病人不需记录液体出入量,通过正常的饮食、水、盐代谢在体内可以自身调节,保持内环境的稳定。记录液体出入量主要是对于那些不能正常进食,需要通过补液维持生命的重危患者,以及有过多体液丧失需要及时补充或纠正者。水、电解质,酸硷平衡紊乱是各科临床常遇到的问题。常是继发于许多其他疾病的过程中,包括内科、外科、妇科、产科、儿科等。如急性肾功衰     

食管癌术中相关能量器械的使用

正近年来,能量器械得到快速的发展~[1],其广泛应用和不断改进,极大地推动了微创胸外科的发展和普及。目前在微创食管癌手术中,常用的能量器械包括单极电钩、双极电凝(达芬奇机器人手术中使用)和超声刀等。能量器械在食管癌手术中的作用主要包括食管和胃的游离、淋巴结的清扫(特别是双侧喉返神经旁淋巴结和隆突下淋巴结的清扫)和止血~[2]。术野出血常导致食管与气管、血管、神经等难以辨认,增加手术难度。能量器械的最大优势     

三维电解剖标测指导疑难右侧游离壁旁路的导管消融

Objective To demonstrate the electroanatomic substrates of right-sided free wall (RFW)accessory pathways (APs) which were refractory to conventional catheter ablation utilizing three-dimensional (3D) mapping. Methods Seventeen patients with RFW APs that failed initial conventional catheter ablation(s)by a mean of 1～3(1.8±0.6) attempts were enrolled in the study. Electroanatomic mapping of the right atrium was performed during right ventricular pacing in 14 patients and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia in 3patients. Radiofrequency energy was delivered via irrigation catheter to the earliest atrial activation site. Results The earliest atrial activation site, which represented the atrial insertion of the APs, was separated from the tricuspid annulus by an average of 9 ～ 20 ( 13.6 ± 3.4 ) mm, and the local activation time was 18 ～ 80(31.5±16.3) ms earlier than that of the corresponding annular point. The target electrogram demonstrated AP potential in fourteen patients and ventriculoatrial fusion in the rest three. Accessory pathway was blocked in one case during moving the catheter and RF ablation delivery on the areas. One patient exhibited an AP with wide branching on the atrial side during mapping. RF ablation with an irrigated catheter successfully interrupted AP conduction in remaining 16 patients without complications. After a mean follow-up of 3 ～ 41 (18.6±12.7) months, there were no recurrences of ventricular preexcitation or episodes of tachycardia. Conclusion RFW APs refractory to conventional catheter ablation might be due to unique anatomic AP features such as more epicardial course at the annulus level with atrial insertion distance from the tricuspid annulus. Electroanatomic mapping is helpful to accurately localize the atrial insertion sites of these APs and facilitates catheter ablation.     

磁导航遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步体会

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of remote radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT) using the magnetic navigation system (MNS). Methods A total of 37 patients[female 29, mean age (44 ± 15 )years]with documented AVNRT were enrolled in this study from March 2007 to June 2009. A 4 mm tip magnetic mapping and ablation catheter ( Helios Ⅱ ,Stereotaxis, USA),which was remotely controlled by the MNS (Niobe Ⅱ , Stereotaxis, USA), was used for both mapping and ablation. Conventional slow pathway modification with focal ablation at the fight posterior septum was first performed in all patients. If it was failed, linear lesions at the base of Koch' s triangle was then done. Results After ablation, AVNRT was non-inducible in all 37 patients without any complication except one case experienced transient first degree AV block. Focal ablation was performed in 34 patients, and linear ablation strategy was used in the remaining three cases to achieve the end point. Among all the 37 patients, slow pathway ablation was achieved in 14, whereas slow pathway modification was reached in the remaining 23 cases.The mean procedural time, the RF deliveries, the duration of RF application were ( 120 ± 32) min, (2. 9 ± 1.6)times, ( 130 ± 33 )s,respectively. The total fluoroscopy time and the physician X-ray exposure time were(5.3 ±2. 7)min and(2.9 ± 1.1 ) min,respectively. There was no significant change of the AH interval,the HV interval,and the atrioventricular nodal conduction refractory period after ablation. Compared with the first 18 patients, the mean procedural time, the total fluoroscopy time and the X-ray fluoroscopy time during magnetic navigation were significantly decreased in the later 19 patients (P ＜0. 001 ). It indicated that the learning curve of remote catheter ablation using the MNS is short. Conclusion Remote catheter ablation using the MNS to cure AVNRT is safe and effective with short learning curve and decreasing X-ray exposure time for interventional physicians.     

起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的特发性加速性室性自主心律

目的 介绍起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的特发性加速性室性自主心律,揭示其临床特征并探讨可能的电生理机制.方法 回顾分析4例特发性加速性室性自主心律患者的心电图形态特征、临床表现、治疗方法及预后.结果 4例患者,男性2例,平均年龄48(40～54)岁,均无器质性心脏病.室性自主心律均呈右束支阻滞型,其QRS时限0.11～0.13 s,符合左侧希氏-浦肯野系统起源,其中3例电轴右偏,1例电轴左偏.自主心律RR间期不规则,平均频率为87(55～110)次/min,与窦性心律交替出现.所有患者临床均表现为发作性心悸.1例患者室性自主心律在短期服用普罗帕酮后消失,另1例短期服用维拉帕米后消失,余2例未予以特殊处理后自然消退.平均随访4.5(2～8)年,临床无心律失常发作,亦无其他心血管事件发生.结论 起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的加速性室性自主心律是左侧希氏-浦肯野系统特发性室性心律失常的一种表现形式,多数为自限性,临床呈良性经过.     

山莨菪碱试验鉴别假性贲门失弛症和贲门失弛症

目的监测山莨菪碱肌注前后食管动力的变化,探讨其在假性贲门失弛症和贲门失弛症鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 10例贲门失弛症和3例胃底贲门癌致假性贲门失弛症的患者,通过8通道袖套式测压导管持续观察食管动力在肌注山莨菪碱前后的变化。结果 10例贲门失弛症患者在肌注山莨菪碱后下食管括约肌松弛程度达47.4%～74.0%,食管体部静息压明显降低;3例假性贲门失弛症患者食管括约肌松弛程度仅2.2%～8.8%,食管体部静息压亦无明显变化。结论山莨菪碱试验可作为贲门失弛症食管测压诊断时的重要补充,也是贲门失弛症和假性贲门失弛症鉴别诊断的手段之一。     

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1 概述 心律失常十分常见,种类繁多.它可以发生在健康人群,更常发生在有器质性心脏病和充血性心力衰竭的患者.有的心律失常可以无症状、无害,不需治疗,而另一些尤其持续的室上性和室性快速心律失常则产生临床症状,严重影响生活质量和活动能力,甚或引起死亡或猝死(大部分是室性快速心律失常所引起),因此需要积极有效的治疗.     

The Changes of Heart Rate Power Spectral Density during Head-up Tilt Test

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＨＵＴｈａｓｇｒｅａｔｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｖａｌｕｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｉａｇｎｏ－ｓｉｓｏｆｕｎｅｘｐｌａｉｎｅｄｓｙｎｃｏｐｅ［１，２］．ＨＲＰＳＤａｎａｙｓｉｓｉｓａｎｅｗ，ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ，ｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅａｎｄｎｏｎ...     

非接触心内膜球囊标测系统指导瘢痕相关性室性心动过速标测和消融

目的 运用非接触心力膜球囊标测系统（EnSite3000系统）对瘢痕相关性室性心动过速（室速）进行心内膜标测，探讨瘢痕相关性室速电生理机制。标测和消融。方法 运用非开胸法建立心肌梗死后持续性单形性室速猎模型4只；同时选取致心律失常性右室心肌病（ARVC）合并室速患者2例，于左心室或左，右心室内各置入-EnSite3000球囊，分别构建左和（或）右心室的三维几何模型。确定心内膜瘢痕组织的部位，范围和边界，分析单形性室速的激动顺序，关键部位和折返环路及与瘢痕组织的关系，并制定消融策略指导消融。结果 （1）EnSite3000系统准确标测出4只猪左心室心梗后瘢痕组织，其部位，大小及边缘等均与病理一致。4只猪共诱发出8种形态的单形性室速，系统标测出2种室速为左心室典型的“8”字形折返途径，1种室速最早激动点位于左心室前侧壁瘢痕边缘。通过双心室球囊放置准确标测到2只猪5种形态室速在双心室内的激动路径，所有室速的关键位点均在瘢痕组织边缘或其中，6种室速位于左室，2种室速位于右室，可成功释放电流的3种室速消融有效，1种室速线性消融失败；4种室速因放电仅几秒钟即出现凡室颤动，且反复出现，使消融难以完成因而未获成功。（2）2例ARVC患者的右心室流出道处均可标测到类似瘢痕组织的低电压区，1例患者诱发出2种类型的折返性室速，均消融成功，随访4个月无室速发作；另1例患者2种室速，消融失败后置入心脏复律除颤器。结论 EnSite3000系统能准确标测到常规方法无法标测的室速相关性低电压区或瘢痕区域，确定瘢痕相关性室速的机制和关键位点，并精确导航，有助于提高瘢痕相关性室速的消融成功率，为此类室速的消融提供了较好的标测手段。如能结合消融方法和能源的改善，可望进一步提高这类室速的消融成功率。