缬沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的:观察血管紧张素Ⅱ,Ⅰ型受体拮抗剂(AT1Ra)缬沙坦(Valsartan)对伴大量白蛋白尿的临床糖尿病肾病的治疗作用。方法:32例2型糖尿病患者,24h尿白蛋白排泄率(24hUAER)>200μg/min,均伴高血压,维持原糖尿病治疗不变,分组比较应用缬沙坦(80mg/d)或贝那普利(10mg/d)治疗8周前后平均动脉压(MAP)、24hUAER、HbA1c、尿酸(UA)等指标的变化。结果:缬沙坦治疗组和贝那普利治疗组24hUAER分别由703.2±987.9μg/min降至664.2±970.6μg/min(P<0.01)和由778.6±1005.0降至734.9±996.0μg/min(P<0.01)。二者疗效相似,且均与血压变化不相关。结论:AT1Ra缬沙坦可以降低临床糖尿病肾病的蛋白尿,其肾脏保护作用除了与降血压有关,还有不依赖降压效应的其他机制。     

动脉栓塞对骨盆肿瘤手术疗效的影响

[目的]探讨供血动脉栓塞对骨盆肿瘤手术疗效的影响。[方法]本组16例，脊索瘤7例，骨巨细胞瘤3例，骨转移瘤3例，骨肉瘤2例，神经纤维瘤1例。术前1d行肿瘤血管造影并用明胶海绵进行供血动脉栓塞。与对照组（结扎双侧髂内动脉骨盆肿瘤切除术）比较，观察其对术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、术后下床时间、伤口愈合时间及术后各种功能恢复的影响。[结果]骨盆肿瘤切除术前肿瘤供血动脉栓塞与结扎双侧髂内动脉比较，除术中出血量外（P〉0．05），手术、住院、术后下床及伤口愈合时间在统计学上均有非常显著性差异（P〈0．001），而且结扎双侧髂内动脉可能对患者的性功能、排便功能等存在着不良的影响。[结论]肿瘤供血动脉栓塞骨盆肿瘤切除术可大大缩短手术、住院、术后下床、伤口愈合时间，且能更好地保护盆腔内外各组织器官的血运，从而避免其功能的损害。     

多体素MRS在星形细胞瘤中的应用价值

目的探讨多体素MRS在不同级别星形细胞瘤术前诊断的应用价值。方法搜集22例病理证实的脑星形细胞瘤,分为高、低级别2组,行MR常规、增强扫描及MRS检查,比较Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、Cho/NAA比值及Lac、Lip情况。结果高级别组表现为Cho明显增高,NAA及Cr明显降低,低级别组表现为Cho轻到中度不等增高和NAA不同程度的降低,高、低级别组间Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr以及Cho/NAA比值差别有意义。肿瘤周边水肿区与对侧正常脑组织间Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值差别有意义,NAA/Cr比值差别无统计学意义。高级别组中有11例出现Lac峰,7例出现Lip峰,低级别组中仅有2例出现Lac峰,无Lip峰出现。结论多体素H-MRS在术前全面评价星形细胞瘤不同级别间的鉴别诊断及确定肿瘤边界形态方面有重要的临床意义。     

Gentamicin-induced diffuse renal tubular dysfunction.

Sir, Aminoglycoside-induced renal tubular dysfunction could be dividedinto Fanconi-like syndrome (FS) and Bartter-like syndrome (BS)[1]. The risk factors and mechanisms of tubular dysfunctionare little known. Here, we report a case of gentamicin-inducedFS, BS and distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and propose thepossible involvement of mitochondria. Case. A 66-year-old Chinese male was admitted because ofpneumonia.     

鼻咽癌颈静脉孔侵犯的影像学表现及临床分析

[目的]探讨鼻咽癌颈静脉孔侵犯的临床和影像学特征及临床意义。[方法]回顾性分析8例初治和4例复发鼻咽癌伴颈静脉孔侵犯者的临床表现、CT及MRI特征。[结果]12例中,5例表现为Ⅸ￣Ⅺ颅神经均麻痹的颈静脉孔综合征,7例仅表现为Ⅸ颅神经麻痹。12例,有10例合并舌下神经管受累,3例有一侧的胸锁乳突肌及斜方肌萎缩,2例有一侧舌肌萎缩。CT及MRI显示鼻咽癌颈静脉孔侵犯主要有3种途径,分别为:①鼻咽病变通过茎突后间隙直接蔓延(4例,包括1例茎突后间隙复发);②转移淋巴结直接侵犯(4例,其中2例为咽后淋巴结转移,2例为颈动脉鞘淋巴结复发);③颈静脉孔骨性结构直接破坏(4例,其中1例为单纯颈静脉孔复发)。[结论]鼻咽癌可通过直接蔓延、咽后和颈动脉鞘区转移淋巴结侵犯及骨质直接破坏侵犯颈静脉孔,临床上出现Ⅸ￣Ⅺ颅神经一支或多支均麻痹。CT和MRI,尤其是MRI对于病变的诊断、病变范围的确定和放射治疗计划的制定有非常大的作用。     

启发式教学在生理学教学中的应用研究

针对生理学课程理论抽象、实验操作复杂等特点,阐述了启发式教学方法取代传统填鸭式教学方法的必然性。因生理学教学难度大、实验操作条件高,故着重介绍了问答式、讨论式、演绎式、归纳式、直观式等五种启发式教学方法在生理学教学中的应用。     

经动脉逆行法射频导管消融房室结折返性心动过速

房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）通常在右侧Koch三角沿三尖瓣环消融慢径，需在左侧间隔部消融者罕见。现报道1例经动脉逆行法于左侧中间隔部位消融慢径成功，随访1年无复发。     

Evaluation of mandibular block using a standardized method.

The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to investigate the manifestations and efficiency of mandibular block (MB) using a standardized method. In this study, 123 patients requiring MB were randomly assigned to receive MB using a repeated measures design. Mandibular block was administered in each patient by using 2.1 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100 000 epinephrine for the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, and/or buccal nerve. Clinical parameters including the electric pulp test and test for soft tissue sensation using a sharp dental explorer were assessed on both the operated side and contralateral side before and 5, 10, and 15 minutes after injection, and at the end of surgical procedure. Results of the test of the contralateral tooth served as the control group. No response to the electric pulp test at a maximum output (80 readings) was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Results obtained with electric pulp test and sharp explorer test were not significantly different during various intervals on the contralateral side, indicating the reliability of this standardized method for assessing MB. The MB technique achieved a high rate of subjective numbness (100%) according to the perception of the patients of overall numbness and lip numbness. Overall anesthetic success rates of pulpal anesthesia were 5.7% for the central incisor, 38.2% for the canine, 55.3% for the first premolar, and 90.2% for the first molar. No significant difference was found in the efficiency of anesthesia related to sex or age of the patients. A slower onset of pulpal anesthesia after MB was found for the anterior teeth than for the posterior teeth. This study suggests that the use of a standardized method might produce a clearer and more comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency and manifestations of MB.     

精子冷冻环无保护剂玻璃化冷冻方法的初步研究

目的探讨精子冷冻环无保护剂玻璃化冷冻方法的可行性。方法正常精液标本上游处理后,进行常规冷冻和冷冻环无保护剂的玻璃化冷冻,复苏后分别从活力参数及电镜下超微结构等指标比较两种冷冻方法的效果。结果两种方法冷冻后精子存活率、活动率之间差异无显著性(48%∶48%;44.5%∶43.5%,P>0.05),但均较未冷冻的89%和88.5%明显下降(P<0.001)。超微结构亦较未冷冻时发生了一定的改变,但核结构基本保持完整。结论精子冷冻环无保护剂的玻璃化冷冻是一种简单、方便而行之有效的冷冻方法。     

颅内肿瘤切除术后颅内感染危险因素分析

目的 探讨颅内肿瘤切除术后颅内感染的危险因素和预防措施。方法 回顾性分析442例颅内肿瘤切除术患者的临床资料。结果 442例颅内肿瘤切除术患者发生颅内感染33例，感染率为7．47％。非脑膜瘤手术颅内感染率为10．04％，高于脑膜瘤术后颅内感染率3．83％（P〈0．05）；手术时间≥4h者颅内感染率为9．87％，高于手术时间〈4h者颅内感染率4．78％（P〈0．05）；有脑脊液漏者颅内感染率为15．00％，高于无脑脊液漏者颅内感染率6．28％（P〈0．05）；引流管留置≥24h者颅内感染率为11．58％，高于未留置或留置〈24h者颅内感染率5．03％（P〈0．05）。结论 手术时间≥4h、引流管留置时间≥24h、存在脑脊液漏是颅内肿瘤切除术后发生颅内感染的危险因素。