Immunotherapy of cancer by antisense inhibition of Ii protein, an immunoregulator of antigen selection by MHC class II molecules

Ii protein suppression is a promising antisense drug-based therapy that dramatically enhances the immunogenicity of tumor cell major histocompatibility complex class II-presented antigenic epitopes. The strength of this approach is that the antisense only needs to be transiently effective in a fraction of the tumor cells. The systemic antitumor immune response generated subsequently eradicates both directly treated cells and distant tumor deposits. The drugs and mechanisms of this therapy are considered, in addition to practical developmental questions.     

Changes of endothelin and calcitonin gene-related peptide during desflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm clipping

The purpose of this study was to explore whether the changes of plasma concentrations of endothelin (ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were possibly involved during desflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm clipping. Forty-five consecutive patients scheduled for selective craniotomy and aneurysm clipping were anesthetized with desflurane in oxygen. Radial arterial catheter was inserted for blood sampling before anesthesia. Serial plasma concentrations of ET and CGRP were measured with radioimmunoassay prior to induction, after dura incision, after clipping of the aneurysm, and 30 minutes after clipping the aneurysm, respectively. Plasma concentrations of ET decreased significantly during the anesthesia and surgery compared with the baseline. An observed decrease in mean CGRP during anesthesia and surgery was not statistically significant. Considering the well-recognized vasoconstrictive effect of ET, it is possible that a decrease in its plasma concentration plays a role in the prevention of the acute cerebral vasospasm during desflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm clipping.     

Development of acute edema following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal compared with juvenile rats using magnetic resonance imaging

We hypothesized that the evolution of cerebral edema accompanying cerebral hypoxia-ischemia is dependent on age and that such differences would be detectable using magnetic resonance imaging methods. Thus we examined in immature and juvenile rats the relationship between hypoxic-ischemic changes in T1 and T2 and the alterations in brain water content, as assessed by differences in tissue wet-dry weights. One- and 4-wk-old rats were anesthetized and subjected to unilateral carotid artery occlusion and subsequent exposure to hypoxia (8% oxygen). T1 and T2 maps were acquired at 9.4 T, and then brain water content was measured in sham controls or in hypoxic-ischemic animals before, during, and 1 or 24 h after hypoxia-ischemia. In sham controls, T1, T2, and proton density decreased with increasing age, corresponding to an ontogenic decrease in water content. In 1-wk-old rats, increases in T1 and T2 were observed during and at 1 and 24 h after hypoxia-ischemia, corresponding to elevations in water content. In 4-wk-old rats, T1 and water content increased during and at 1 and 24 h after hypoxia-ischemia whereas T2 was not increased until 24 h after hypoxia-ischemia. Regression analysis showed that T1 correlated better with total water content than T2. In both immature and older brain, an increase in total brain water develops acutely and persists after an episode of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, and T1 imaging detects this change better than T2. Hypoxic-ischemic changes in T2 are age dependent, reflecting other physicochemical changes of water in the tissue than water content alone.     

阿司匹林壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微囊处方优化与释药机制研究

目的:制备阿司匹林壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微囊(ACSPM),并研究其处方优化与释药机制。方法:设计正交试验,以包封率为指标优化ACSPM处方并制备微囊,测定其释放度并通过释放动力学模型方程拟合探讨其释药机制。结果:所得微囊大小及含量均匀,最优处方中海藻酸钠浓度、壳聚糖浓度、海藻酸钠与阿司匹林比例分别为3.0%、1.0%、1∶4,体外释放符合Higuchi方程和Peppas方程。结论:该微囊制备工艺方法简单,释药机制以药物扩散为主兼有骨架溶蚀的non-Fickian过程。     

2001年～2004年广州市35家医院头孢菌素类抗生素利用分析

目的评价广州市部分医院头孢菌素类抗生素的应用状况及趋势。方法对2001年~2004年广州市35家医院头孢菌素类抗生素的应用品种、用药金额、用药频度(DDDs)等进行统计、分析。结果4年中,头孢菌素类抗生素的应用品种、用药金额、DDDs均逐年增加,总的用药金额和DDDs年平均增长率分别为13.18%和10.41%;第3代头孢菌素类抗生素用药金额最高,增长速度最快;口服用、注射用头孢菌素类抗生素品种均逐年增加,二者用药金额和DDDs的年平均增长率分别为7.63%、14.29%和9.41%、12.82%。结论为延缓细菌耐药性的产生,建议进一步规范化管理头孢菌素类抗生素的应用。     

小干扰RNA对肝星状细胞基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1表达的抑制作用

目的观察化学合成的小干扰RNA(siRNA)转染大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC)-T6后不同时间点,对基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)的抑制作用,同时筛选高效的siRNA片断。方法对大鼠TIMP-1 mRNA nt161~181、nt 190~208、nt 208~226、nt 226~244及nt 445~463化学合成的5对siRNA和1对荧光标记的非特异siRNA(与TIMP-1 mRNA无同源性的FITC标记的21nt siRNA),在阳离子脂质体的介导下将不同浓度的非特异siRNA转染至大鼠HSC-T6后,用流式细胞仪确定最佳转染浓度。提取转染50 nmol/L siRNAs后24 h,48 h和72 h细胞蛋白,用W estern b lot检测TIMP-1蛋白质表达,筛选出抑制效率最高的siRNA,同时确定siRNA转染细胞后的最佳作用时间。结果50 nmol/L siRNAs对HSC-T6有较高的转染效率;5对siRNA中的3对在转染后48 h有较强的抑制HSC-T6细胞TIMP-1基因表达的作用,其中抑制作用最强的1对siRNA对TIMP-1表达的抑制作用与对照组相比可增强80%以上,而在转染后72 h,其抑制作用基本消失。结论化学合成的siRNA在短时期内可有效地抑制TIMP-1基因的表达,筛选到的高效阻抑TIMP-1表达的siRNA可构建于病毒载体,以实现长期抑制TIMP-1表达的功效。     

儿童胆汁反流性胃炎与幽门螺杆菌的关系探讨

目的探讨儿童胆汁反流性胃炎与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系。方法应用电子胃镜诊断胆汁反流性胃炎，应用快速尿素酶检查和病理染色诊断HP感染，并进行X^2检验。结果46例胆汁反流性胃炎中HP阳性率26、09％，48例非胆汁反流性胃炎中HP阳性率62．15％，两组相比有显著性差异（P〈0、01）。结论胆汁反流性胃炎的致病原因主要与胃液内高浓度胆汁有关；胆汁反流性胃炎与HP相关性胃炎是两种性质不同的慢性炎症。     

采用聚类分析方法评价广州市地区卫生资源配置的合理——对广州市地区"看病难"、"看病贵"问题进行探讨

本文结合广州市地区的实际情况,根据81间大医院业务指标,运用聚类分析方法[1],对广州市地区卫生资源配置情况进行分析,并以此为基础对"看病贵、看病难"的问题提出对策和建议.     

生理学多媒体教学的探讨与实践

信息技术在教育中的应用是教育改革和发展的需要,把多媒体技术引入学校课堂教学是实现教育现代化的一个重要内容。多媒体教学是指根据相关课程的教学内容和教学目标,将多种现代化的教学媒体、表达方式和教学手段与传统的教学方式有机地结合起来,取长补短,相辅相成,构成一个能够快速进行教学信息传输与反馈调节的教学媒体群,达到优化教学过程的目的。笔者利用多媒体技术,制作了融声、图、文、动画于一体的教学课件,并在生理学教学中应用,取得了较好的效果。现将应用体会报告如下。     

大学生心理疾病三级预防与心理健康教育三级网络关系的思考

大学生心理疾病和心理危机预警与干预尚面临许多困难.引入心理疾病三级预防概念,使心理健康教育三级网络与心理疾病三级预防工作有效地衔接起来,明确大学生心理疾病三级预防的对象、目标、方法和心理健康教育三级网络在其中的作用和地位.