心脏起搏器安置术后电极脱位的预防护理

介绍了心脏起搏器安置术后电极脱位的类型、发生率、发生原因及处理,重点综述了安置心脏起搏器术后预防电极脱位的护理。     

我焗花螺献给你

想起吃饭，奶猪有时候高兴．有时候不高兴。 老头儿猪对她说过．挨饿的时候他总惦记自杀，因为他见到那势头，总觉得躲不过去。之所以后来还活着．是因为他想到要是不死，保不准哪天还能吃上碗红烧肉，死了可就板上定钉永远也吃不上了。老头儿猪因为这个崇高的信念咬牙切齿地养大了肉猪他爸肉猪他爸又养大了肉猪。肉猪是奶猪的男朋友，肉猪他爸和老头儿猪把肉猪叫肉猪，肉猪把奶猪叫奶猪，肉猪说：“这样好，听起来就胖乎乎香喷喷的”。     

肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓患者术中癌栓的处理

目的 探讨肝细胞癌（HCC）合并胆管癌栓患者术中癌栓的处理方式和术后恢复过程。方法 对1995年1月-2002年12月手术治疗的27例HCC合并胆管癌栓情况进行回顾性总结和分析。结果 只有59．3％（16／27）患者行肝切除、胆管取癌栓及胆管引流术。全组术后并发症发生率为55．6％（15／27），术后30d病死率为22．2％（6／27）。结论 HCC合并胆管癌栓的预后差，早期诊断和外科手术治疗是改善此病预后的关键。     

Parkinson''s disease in China. Coordinational Group of Neuroepidemiology, PLA.

An epidemiological study on the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) was carried out in 29 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in this country in 1986. The survey was conducted in 117 areas, and 566 patients with PD were found among 3,869,162 persons examined, giving a point prevalence for men and women of 16.9/10(5) and 12.4/10(5), with the highest prevalence after the fifth decade of age. The disease was most prevalent in the southern part of China, especially in Hunan and Guangxi provinces. The incidence was 1.5/10(5)/yr in 1986. Both the prevalence and incidence of PD in China are lower than those in the white race and Japanese.

     

自助餐：精致的“大锅饭”

请客做东的朋友，点菜的时刻也许是他们最煞费心机的时候：一边是担心点的菜没有特色、不好吃而令客人扫兴，一边又怕菜价太高，“钱袋子”不堪负荷。如果不想遭遇这种尴尬，吃自助餐可能是最好的选择。[编者按]     

Characteristics of the Nonselective Cation Current （NSCCs） in Rabbit Left Ventricular Epicardial, Midmyocardial and Endocardial Myocytes

Objectives Recent studies have described regional differences in the electrophysiology and pharmacology of ventricular myocardium in canine, feline, rat, guinea pig, and human hearts. This has been shown to be due to a smaller IKs and a lager sodium-calcium exchange current (INa-Ca) and late INa in M region (deep subepicardial to midmyocardial). Studies from our laboratory have found a new repolarization current-nonselective cation current (NSCCs) existing in rabbit right ventricular myocytes. Methods We examined the characteristics of NSCCs in epicardial, M region, and endocardial cells isolated from the rabbit left ventricle with standard microelectrode and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The permeability to Na , K , Li , Cs but not to Cl- indicating that it was a nonselective cation current. Gd3 (0.1 mmol/l) and La3 (0.1 mmol/l) can block the current markedly. Results Further characterization of NSCCs was significantly smaller in M cells than in epicardial and endocardial cells. NSCCs current density was significantly smaller in M cells than in epicardial and endocardial cells. With repolarization to -80 mV, INs current density was (-0.44±0.05) PA/PF in endocardial cells, (-0.12±0.05) PA/PF in M cells and (-0.28±0.07) PA/PF in epicardial cells; and with repolarization to 30 mV, INs current density was (1.09±0.29) PA/PF in endocardial cells, (0.38±0.09) PA/PF in M cells and (0.91±0.32) PA/PF in epicardial cells. Conclusions Transmural dispersion of repolarization was due to the heterogeneity of NSCCs in rabbit left ventricle epicardial, endocardial myocytes and M cells. These findings may advance our understanding of the ionic basis for our understanding of factors contributing to the development of cardiac arrhythmias.     

Significance of changes in serum superoxide dismutase level in hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy.

The concentration of human serum superoxide dismutase-1 (hSOD-1) containing copper and zinc ions were measured by radioimmunoassay healthy nonpregnant women, 15 normal pregnant women, 15 patients with mild to moderate hypertension (MMHSP) and 15 with severe hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy (SHSP). The mean serum hSOD-1 concentration in nonpregnant women was 148.84 +/- 60.53 (x +/- s) micrograms/L; while in the other 3 groups it was 394.19 +/- 122.21 micrograms/L, 377.12 +/- 173.45 micrograms/L and 581.15 +/- 118.50 micrograms/L. The results suggest that harmful free radicals increase gradually and a strong body defence system against oxidation damage of tissue cells is produced in the course of normal pregnancy and MMHSP. With cardionatrin treatment serum hSOD-1 concentrations of patients ameliorated returned to the level of normal pregnancy. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between cardionatrin and hSOD-1 levels (r = 0.569, P less than 0.05), and a physiological regulation of the defence system exists, which may be related to the white blood cells. Hence, hSOD-1 probably plays a significant role in defence during normal pregnancy and hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy (HSP).

     

大白鼠尾动脉吻合实验的方法与体会

报告了960次大白鼠尾动脉吻合实验,采用端端吻合法800次,即刻通畅率96.5％,套叠吻合法160次,即刻通畅率100％。作者认为利用大白鼠尾动脉作吻合训练,具有节省动物、可多次操作、无需无菌条件、操作简单易行等优点,并介绍了操作方法和注意点。     

第2代(温控)射频消融子宫内膜切除术

目的探讨第2代（温度控制）射频消融子宫内膜切除术的疗效、安全性和可行性。方法2004年9月-2006年2月由上海市4家医院联合开展一项多中心、前瞻性研究,完成功能性子宫出血温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术81例。在超声监护下,射频治疗以温度控制模式输出功率50 W、温度设定85℃,按照两侧宫角、宫底、宫体、下段部位顺序射频消融子宫内膜。每个治疗点治疗时间为4 min。结果81例术后随访4-17个月。术后6个月随访70例,其中闭经48.6%（34/70）,点滴状月经41.4%（29/70）,少量月经10%（7/70）,总有效率为100%（70/70）。术后12个月随访67例,其中闭经56.7%（38/67）,点滴状月经29.9%（20/67例）,少量月经9.0%（6/67）,正常月经量3.0%（2/67）,月经量过多1.5%（1/67）,总有效率98.5%（66/67）。结论温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术不仅使患者的异常子宫出血在保留子宫的情况下得到有效的治疗,同时具有操作方便、治疗时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点。     

后腹腔镜联合经尿道电切镜治疗上尿路移行细胞癌(附83例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜联合经尿道电切镜治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的效果和安全性. 方法 2003年3月～2006年7月,我院采用后腹腔镜联合经尿道电切镜治疗83例上尿路移行细胞癌.经尿道袖状电切患侧输尿管口周围1.5 cm范围膀胱壁达膀胱外脂肪组织,采用后腹腔镜切除肾及全长输尿管.术后留置导尿管7 d.11例术后辅助放疗. 结果 83例手术均成功.手术时间115～205 min,平均156 min.术中出血50～150 ml,平均80 ml.无术中并发症.术后住院7～11 d,平均8.5 d.病理报告：82例上尿路移行细胞癌,1例肾盂上皮中～重度不典型增生.术后随访3～38个月,平均10.8月.术后12个月内行膀胱镜检查发现膀胱肿瘤6例,其中5例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切,1例行腹腔镜根治性膀胱全切术、左侧输尿管皮肤造口术.2例肾盂肿瘤（pT3 G3和pT2 G3）于术后3个月肝转移.2例输尿管中段肿瘤（pT3 G3和pT3 G2～3）术后6个月原位复发并肺转移.1例输尿管下段肿瘤（pT3 G3）术后6个月骨转移.失访1例.其余71例均未发现肿瘤复发、切口转移及远处转移. 结论 对于上尿路移行细胞癌,采用后腹腔镜联合经尿道电切镜行肾、输尿管全切及膀胱袖套状切除具有创伤小、安全、恢复快等优点,值得临床推广应用.