Regulation of photoreceptor Per1 and Per2 by light, dopamine and a circadian clock

In the Xenopus laevis retina, a principal model for retinal circadian organization, photoreceptors have all the properties of circadian oscillators. However, rhythmic oscillations of Per1 gene expression in the inner retina (but not photoreceptors) have been reported in mice with the suggestion that mice and frogs have a different retinal circadian organization. Although it is known that two period genes (xPer1 and xPer2) exhibit different temporal patterns of expression in the Xenopus retina, and that one (xPer2) is directly responsive to light and dopamine, it is not known whether this reflects the properties of period genes within photoreceptor oscillators or among distinct retinal cell populations. We addressed this by determining the cellular site of light and dopamine regulated xPer2 expression, and the diurnal expression of both xPer1 and xPer2 using in situ hybridization. Our data show that both xPer1 and xPer2 are expressed in most cell types in the retina, including inner nuclear neurons and ganglion cells. However, light and quinpirole, a dopamine agonist, increase xPer2 levels specifically in photoreceptors, and the effect of quinpirole, but not light, is blocked by pCPT-cAMP. Furthermore, antiphasic diurnal expression of xPer1 and xPer2 also occurs in photoreceptors. Our analysis does not provide insight into the near constitutive expression of period genes in the inner retina, but supports a model in which light- and dopamine regulated-xPer2 and rhythmic xPer1 play critical roles in entrainment and circadian oscillations within photoreceptors.     

高眼压症患者的蓝/黄视野与角膜厚度关系的研究

目的探讨高眼压症(OHT)患者蓝/黄视野检查(BYP)的情况及其与中央角膜厚度(CCT)的关系。方法对31例常规白/白视野检查(WWP)和视乳头检查正常的OHT患者进行BYP检查和CCT测量。采用OCTOPUS101全自动视野计G2程序进行BYP检查,应用DGH550型角膜厚度测量仪进行CCT测量。所有患者随机选择一眼作为研究对象,比较分析BYP视野异常组和正常组的眼压和CCT的差异,分析眼压和CCT间的关系。结果31例OHT患者中,BYP显示视野正常21例,异常10例。视野异常组和正常组的眼压分别为(24.30±1.89)mmHg和(25.48±2.48)mmHg,二组间差异无显著性统计学意义(t=1.32,P=0.1963)。BYP视野异常组的CCT为(557.80±16.41)μm,正常组为(576.00±20.98)μm,二组间差异有显著性意义(t=2.41,P=0.0226)。眼压与CCT之间具有明显的相关性(P<0.05)。结论BYP视野异常组的CCT较正常组的薄。如果将BYP和CCT的检测结果结合起来分析,将对OHT患者发展为青光眼视神经损害作出更有价值的预测。     

肾综合征出血热疫苗免疫后抗体应答水平研究

〔目的〕了解机体用肾综合征出血热 (HFRS)灭活疫苗免疫后的抗体应答水平和疫苗之间的交叉免疫反应水平。〔方法〕对 2 0 6名健康人用肾综合征出血热双价灭活疫苗进行基础免疫 ,1年后分别用双价灭活疫苗和I、Ⅱ型单价灭活疫苗进行加强免疫 ,并连续观察机体两年的IgC抗体和中和抗体的免疫应答反应情况。〔结果〕①基础免疫后 2周IgG抗体的阳转率为 96.76%,GMT为 3 8.0 5 ;1年后阳转率降为 5 1.91%,GMT为 2 5 .45 ;用不同剂型疫苗加强免疫后 2周 ,三组的阳转率分别提升为 98.46%、10 0 %、98.0 3 %,GMT分别为 3 8.0 2、43 .84和 3 4.82 ;加强免疫后 1年 ,三组的阳转率保持在 83 .82 %、78.5 7%、75 .0 0 %,GMT分别为 40 .2 1、42 .0 5和 3 3 .75。②基础免疫后 2周中和抗体的阳转率I、Ⅱ型分别为 10 0 %、92 .5 0 %,GMT分别为 2 0 .82、15 .66;1年后阳转率降为 5 5 .81%、46.5 1%,GMT为 5 .45和 5 .18;用不同剂型疫苗加强免疫后 2周 ,三组的阳转率I、Ⅱ型都达到 10 0 %,三组的GMTI、Ⅱ型分别为 2 0 .0 1、2 0 .0 0 / 46.66、19.99/ 12 .42、16.82 ;加强免疫后 1年 ,三组的阳转率I、Ⅱ型分别为 86.67%、10 0 .0 0 %/ 10 0 %、90 %/ 76.47%、75 .3 0 %,GMTI、Ⅱ型分别为 14 .5 2、6.60 / 12 .3 1、5 .83 / 1     

1995年～2002年我院钙通道阻滞剂的应用分析

目的 :了解钙通道阻滞剂应用现状和发展趋势。方法 :对 1995年～ 2 0 0 2年新华医院钙通道阻滞剂消耗品种、金额、DDDs和DDC进行统计分析。结果 :1995年～ 2 0 0 2年我院钙通道阻滞剂的金额年平均增长率为 2 5 34% ,DDDs的增长率为 17 72 %。用药金额前 3名依次为氨氯地平、非洛地平和尼莫地平。结论 :钙通道阻滞剂经过多年的临床应用 ,其作用已被临床接受 ,应用前景光明。     

红外光谱法在国内外药典中的应用

综述红外光谱法在中国药典(2000)、美国药典(24)、英国药典(2000)和日本药典(13)中的应用情况.     

Paraganglioma of the temporal bone in infancy. A congenital lesion?

Jugulotympanic glomus tumors have been called many things, but "paraganglioma of the temporal bone" is perhaps a more suitable term. This tumor is generally described as benign with a predilection for middle-aged women. Herein we report the case of an 11-month-old female infant with this condition. The extensiveness of the tumor with intracranial involvement at presentation suggests that the lesion might have been present for some time and raises the question of it being congenital in origin. We emphasize the overall importance of including paraganglioma of the temporal bone in the differential diagnosis of a "bleeding polyp" of the ear.     

化瘀消癥法治疗瘀结成癥证异位妊娠盆腔包块与积液

目的 观察经药物杀胚治疗有效出院的瘀结成癥证异位妊娠患者,外敷双柏油膏及口服加味化瘀消癥复方对治疗异位妊娠包块与盆腔积液效果.方法 将经药物治疗有效出院的瘀结成癥证异位妊娠患者,按随机数字表法分为2组,治疗组及对照组各35例,对照组予双柏油膏外敷,治疗组在对照组基础上予加味化瘀消癥复方口服,对比出院2周后与4周后的阴道彩超情况,观察2组患者异位妊娠包块与盆腔积液的变化.结果 出院2周后,治疗组异位妊娠包块缩小率、盆腔积液缩小率均高于对照组(P<0.05);出院4周后,治疗组异位妊娠包块缩小率高于对照组(P<0.05),盆腔积液缩小率2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).出院2周与4周后,治疗组异位妊娠包块消失的例数均高于对照组(P<0.05);对于包块尚未消失的病例,治疗组包块的RI指数均高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 经药物治疗有效出院的瘀结成癥证异位妊娠患者,在外敷双柏油膏的基础上,继续服用加味化瘀消癥复方,可有效促进异位妊娠包块与盆腔积液的吸收,减少尚未消失异位妊娠包块的血供情况.     

227株院内肺部感染细菌分布及药敏情况分析

[目的]探讨院内肺部感染的痰培养分布及抗生素的耐药性。[方法]对我院2000年8月-2005年8月住院病人210例227株痰菌资料进行回顾性分析。[结果]227株细菌中，革兰阴性杆菌150株，占66．1％；革兰阳性球菌53株，占23．3％；真菌17株，占7．5％。菌种分布中革兰阴性杆菌以铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、不动杆菌多见。革兰阳性球菌中以金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌多见。药敏试验结果表明细菌耐药性强，亚胺硫霉素和万古霉素分别对革兰阴性杆菌和革兰阳性球菌有很高敏感性。[结论]院内肺部感染的致病菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主，感染菌的耐药性高，通过痰培养和药敏试验，了解院内肺部感染病人致病菌的流行特征，指导临床正确而合理地使用抗生素。     

电刀负极板温度对病人舒适度的影响

高频电刀是目前临床上手术科室常使用的仪器设备.它通过有效电极尖端产生的高频、高压电流与机体接触时对组织进行加热,实现机体组织的分离和凝固,从而达到切割和止血的目的.     

Effect of radial artery calcification on survival of arteriovenous fistula and the patients in end-stage renal disease patients

Objective To investigate the effect of radial artery calcification (RAC) on survival of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and the patients in end-stage renal disease. Methods Adult ESRD patients undergoing AVF surgery between January 2013 and January 2016 at the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled in this study. The clinical and biochemical data were collected. Segment of radial artery were obtained from the operation of AVF. RAC at the site of anastomotic were observed by alizarin red S and hematoxylin and eosin staining. According to RAC, the patients were divided into calcification group and non-calcification group. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to analyze the survival rates of the two groups, and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the risk factors of AVF dysfunction and all-cause mortality in ESRD patients. Results Among 180 cases of ESRD patients, 38 cases (21.1%) were developed RAC at the site of anastomotic in different degrees. Compared with the non-calcification groups, the calcification groups had a longer dialysis vintage, a higher proportion of diabetes and higher level of HbAlc (all P﹤0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that dialysis vintage＞5 years and diabetics were two independent risk factors of RAC at the site of anastomotic. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that there were no statistical differences between two groups in AVF survival ( χ2=0.009, P=0.926). Calcification group had higher all-cause mortality than non-calcification groups ( χ2=9.809, P=0.002). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that homocysteine was independent risk factor for AVF dysfunction (HR=1.027, 95%CI: 1.003-1.051, P=0.027). Age was independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR=1.078, 95%CI: 1.035-1.122, P=0.000). Conclusions Dialysis vintage＞5 years and diabetes were two independent risk factors of RAC at the site of anastomotic in ESRD patients. RAC at the site of anastomotic had no effect on AVF survival, but increased all-cause mortality.