复杂中足损伤的临床治疗

Objective To evaluate the features and key points of clinical treatment of the complex midfoot injury retrospectively.Methods Twenty-two cases of complex midfoot injury were admitted to our hospital from June 2003 to June 2008, including 8 cases of open fracture and 5 cases of complicated soft tissue defects.Thirteen were emergency cases and the other 9 chronic ones were referred from other hospitals.In the emergency cases, only 1 underwent arthrodesis of the navicular and middle and lateral cuneiform and the others had reduction and internal fixation.In the referred cases, 2 received talar-navicular arthrodesis, 3 Lisfranc arthrndesis (accompanied by distal hallux amputation in 1), 1 navicular-cuneiform arthrudesis and 1 Chopart arthrndesis, 1 medial column amputation and 1 lateral column reconstruction.In the cases of soft tissue defects, 4 underwent free serratus anterior transfer, and 1 had transfer of distally-based sural fas-eio-cutaneous flap.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring was used to evaluate the results.Results All the patients were followed up for 5 to 44 (average, 17.5) months.The main sequelae of the emergency cases were pain after long time waking, which was relieved following local injection of steroid and NIADs in 2 cases.Of the referred cases, pain and fatigue after walking were reported in 2, callus and pain under the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads in 2, and the whole foot rigidity and atrophy of the intrinsic muscle with severe pain while walking in 1.The case of medial column amputation developed medial arch collapse and valgus of hind foot.The mean AOFAS score for the emergency cases was 80.3± 8.7 and for the chronic ones was 60.1±16.3.Conclusion For complex midfoot injury, good results can only be obtained by early operation, anatomic reduction and stable fixation on the basis of enough understanding of the functional anatomy and traumatic pathology.     

药品、生物制品及相关样品中蔗糖含量分析方法的研究进展

蔗糖是一种常见的辅料，在药品和生物制品中均应用广泛。蔗糖的含量往往对制剂的有效性、稳定性和安全性存在一定影响，因此在质量控制中有必要选用合适的方法对蔗糖进行定量。蔗糖含量的分析方法具有多样性，除了传统的基于氧化还原反应的经典化学方法和旋光法外，目前常用的分析方法包括高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、近红外光谱法、毛细管电泳法等。不同的检测方式均有各自的应用优势和局限性。本文对蔗糖含量的各类分析方法的原理及应用要点进行综述，同时介绍了不同方法的优缺点和适用条件，以期为实际工作中检测方法的选用提供参考。     

陈旧性跖跗关节骨折脱位

目的分析跖跗关节(Lisfranc)骨折脱位急诊处理的不当所导致的后期功能障碍的原因,并结合现今在这一领域的研究状况进行讨论。方法从2000年3月～2005年2月共收治陈旧性Lis-franc骨折脱位34例,24例行切开复位内固定,10例患者行关节融合术。结果按美国骨科足踝外科协会(AOFAS)中足部分的评分标准,50～60分2例,60～70分4例,70～80分5例,80～90分18例,90～100分5例。结论Lisfranc损伤晚期并发症的出现与复位不彻底、固定不牢靠以及固定时间不充分有关。临床医生在遇到中足扭伤的患者时,要提高警惕,以免漏诊。对大多数患者而言,以伤后6周内进行切开复位内固定为好。     

急性跟腱断裂的临床治疗与并发症

目的 回顾急性跟腱断裂的手术治疗,探讨其并发症的发生与预防.方法 收集2001.1至2008.3间我院收治并行手术治疗的急性跟腱断裂患者157例,年龄25～76岁(平均39.13岁).根据术后随访(平均49.5个月)来评定疗效,统计H{现并发症的病例.结果 83例患者获有效随访.本组病例中有3例发生跟腱再次断裂,8例出现软组织问题,9例出现腓肠肌肌力减退,8例出现踝关节僵硬,下蹲困难,3例出现跟腱挛缩,马蹄足畸形.结论 急性跟腱断裂应适时手术治疗,采用编织缝合法并精确校正其张力,早期行功能锻炼,采取该方法可减少并发症,术后如使用支具将更有利于锻炼促进患者功能恢复.     

肺癌术后中心静脉拔管窘迫综合征的护理

文章报道了1例肺癌术后并发中心静脉拔管窘迫综合征患者的护理过程.中心静脉拔管综合征病死率非常高,医师应采取平卧拔管,拔管时嘱患者摒气、动作轻柔、按压力度适中等措施预防其发生.一旦患者发生中心静脉拔管窘迫综合征,医护人员应引起高度重视,可采取改变患者体位(头低足高位)、保持呼吸道通畅、监测生命体征、观察神志和瞳孔、观察抽搐和抗凝等对症护理,以及转运期间的护理、病情稳定后的功能锻炼和心理护理等相关措施帮助患者尽快脱离危险.     

改良Lapidus手术治疗拇外翻

目的分析改良Lapidus手术治疗拇外翻的疗效,并总结手术经验。方法自2004年4月～2008年4月,采用改良Lapidus方法治疗拇外翻患者16例21足,平均年龄54岁。术前症状为第1跖骨内侧拇囊突起疼痛,第2跖骨头下痛性胼胝,中足足背偏内侧疼痛。患者术前应力位摄X线片显示第1、2跖骨间角(IMA)平均17.4°(15.3～22.3°),拇外翻角(HVA)平均38.5°(32.2～50.4°),8侧足有第1跖楔关节骨关节炎表现。术前AOFAS评分平均46.7分。行改良Lapidus手术后,所有患者得到随访,平均随访17个月。结果术后所有患者都达到骨性愈合,均在术后3～4个月后完全负重。除1例患者术后2年复发第2跖底痛外,其余所有患者第1跖骨头内侧痛、第2跖底痛及足背痛症状消失,且无复发。术后IMA平均5.9°,HVA平均10.3°,术后AOFAS评分平均91.3分。结论 Lapidus方法纠正第1跖骨内收的中-重度拇外翻畸形,特别是伴有第1序列不稳或第1跖跗关节炎时非常有效。选择合适的患者,并在手术中注意操作细节,可避免并发症的发生。     

复杂中足损伤的临床治疗

Objective To evaluate the features and key points of clinical treatment of the complex midfoot injury retrospectively.Methods Twenty-two cases of complex midfoot injury were admitted to our hospital from June 2003 to June 2008, including 8 cases of open fracture and 5 cases of complicated soft tissue defects.Thirteen were emergency cases and the other 9 chronic ones were referred from other hospitals.In the emergency cases, only 1 underwent arthrodesis of the navicular and middle and lateral cuneiform and the others had reduction and internal fixation.In the referred cases, 2 received talar-navicular arthrodesis, 3 Lisfranc arthrndesis (accompanied by distal hallux amputation in 1), 1 navicular-cuneiform arthrudesis and 1 Chopart arthrndesis, 1 medial column amputation and 1 lateral column reconstruction.In the cases of soft tissue defects, 4 underwent free serratus anterior transfer, and 1 had transfer of distally-based sural fas-eio-cutaneous flap.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring was used to evaluate the results.Results All the patients were followed up for 5 to 44 (average, 17.5) months.The main sequelae of the emergency cases were pain after long time waking, which was relieved following local injection of steroid and NIADs in 2 cases.Of the referred cases, pain and fatigue after walking were reported in 2, callus and pain under the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads in 2, and the whole foot rigidity and atrophy of the intrinsic muscle with severe pain while walking in 1.The case of medial column amputation developed medial arch collapse and valgus of hind foot.The mean AOFAS score for the emergency cases was 80.3± 8.7 and for the chronic ones was 60.1±16.3.Conclusion For complex midfoot injury, good results can only be obtained by early operation, anatomic reduction and stable fixation on the basis of enough understanding of the functional anatomy and traumatic pathology.     

复杂中足损伤的临床治疗

Objective To evaluate the features and key points of clinical treatment of the complex midfoot injury retrospectively.Methods Twenty-two cases of complex midfoot injury were admitted to our hospital from June 2003 to June 2008, including 8 cases of open fracture and 5 cases of complicated soft tissue defects.Thirteen were emergency cases and the other 9 chronic ones were referred from other hospitals.In the emergency cases, only 1 underwent arthrodesis of the navicular and middle and lateral cuneiform and the others had reduction and internal fixation.In the referred cases, 2 received talar-navicular arthrodesis, 3 Lisfranc arthrndesis (accompanied by distal hallux amputation in 1), 1 navicular-cuneiform arthrudesis and 1 Chopart arthrndesis, 1 medial column amputation and 1 lateral column reconstruction.In the cases of soft tissue defects, 4 underwent free serratus anterior transfer, and 1 had transfer of distally-based sural fas-eio-cutaneous flap.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring was used to evaluate the results.Results All the patients were followed up for 5 to 44 (average, 17.5) months.The main sequelae of the emergency cases were pain after long time waking, which was relieved following local injection of steroid and NIADs in 2 cases.Of the referred cases, pain and fatigue after walking were reported in 2, callus and pain under the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads in 2, and the whole foot rigidity and atrophy of the intrinsic muscle with severe pain while walking in 1.The case of medial column amputation developed medial arch collapse and valgus of hind foot.The mean AOFAS score for the emergency cases was 80.3± 8.7 and for the chronic ones was 60.1±16.3.Conclusion For complex midfoot injury, good results can only be obtained by early operation, anatomic reduction and stable fixation on the basis of enough understanding of the functional anatomy and traumatic pathology.     

经皮肺动脉瓣置入术患者的护理

总结6例法洛四联症纠正术后中重度肺动脉关闭不全患者经导管置入肺动脉瓣膜术的护理经验。护理要点：治疗前完善各项检查评估,做好心理护理;治疗后做好疼痛护理,同时重视并发症的观察和护理,加强出院后的健康指导。5例患者介入治疗后痊愈出院,1例患者术后出现肺动脉瓣支架移位,行外科手术固定肺动脉瓣膜后出院。     

术后患者尿潴留风险评估研究进展

术后尿潴留是术后常见的并发症,会引起膀胱功能障碍和尿路感染等,早期准确地识别高危患者是预防尿潴留发生的关键。本文回顾国内外目前的尿潴留风险评估研究进展,旨在为潜在高风险患者的识别与前瞻性护理提供参考依据。